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who     of   his   generosity     and    comradeship       has   given    us   this   feast�察 �has 

expressed the wish that we may follow to´night the usages and customs of 

my   people。      In   other   words�察 �this   is   a   warriors'   feast�察  �a  braves'   meal。   I 

call upon the Ojibway chief�察�the Hole´in´the´Day�察�to give the lone wolf's 

hunger call�察�after which we will join him in our usual manner。; 

     The tall and handsome Ojibway now rose and straightened his superb 

form   to   utter   one   of   the   clearest   and   longest   wolf   howls   that   was   ever 

heard   in   Washington�察  �and   at   its   close   came   a   tremendous   burst   of   war 

whoops that fairly rent the air�察�and no doubt electrified the officials there 

present。 

     On one   occasion   Little Crow  was invited by  the   commander   of   Fort 

Ridgeley�察  �Minnesota�察  �to   call   at   the   fort。    On   his   way  back�察  �in   company 

with     a  half´breed      named     Ross     and   the   interpreter     Mitchell�察    �he   was 

ambushed   by  a   party  of   Ojibways�察  �and   again   wounded   in   the   same   arm 



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                       INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS 



that had been broken in his attempted assassination。               His companion Ross 

was killed�察�but he managed to hold the war party at bay until help came 

and thus saved his life。 

     More and more as time passed�察�this naturally brave and ambitious man 

became a prey to the selfish interests of the traders and politicians。                 The 

immediate causes of the Sioux outbreak of 1862 came in quick succession 

to inflame to desperate action an outraged people。               The two bands on the 

so´called ;lower reservations; in Minnesota were Indians for whom nature 

had provided most abundantly in their free existence。                After one hundred 

and    fifty   years  of  friendly   intercourse     first  with  the  French�察   �then   the 

English�察  �and   finally   the Americans�察  �they   found   themselves   cut   off   from 

every natural resource�察�on a tract of land twenty miles by thirty�察�which to 

them      was    virtual   imprisonment。         By     treaty    stipulation    with    the 

government�察�they were to be fed and clothed�察�houses were to be built for 

them�察 �the   men   taught   agriculture�察  �and   schools provided   for the   children。 

In addition to this�察�a trust fund of a million and a half was to be set aside 

for   them�察  �at   five   per   cent   interest�察  �the   interest   to   be   paid   annually   per 

capita。     They   had   signed   the   treaty   under   pressure�察  �believing   in   these 

promises on the faith of a great nation。 

     However�察�on entering the new life�察�the resources so rosily described to 

them failed to materialize。         Many families faced starvation every winter�察�

their only support the store of the Indian trader�察�who was baiting his trap 

for their destruction。       Very gradually they awoke to the facts。             At last it 

was   planned   to   secure   from   them   the   north   half   of   their   reservation   for 

ninety´eight thousand dollars�察�but it was not explained to the Indians that 

the traders were to receive all the money。             Little Crow made the greatest 

mistake of his life when he signed this agreement。 

     Meanwhile�察�to make matters worse�察�the cash annuities were not paid 

for nearly two years。         Civil War had begun。          When it was learned that 

the traders had taken all of the ninety´eight thousand dollars ;on account;�察�

there was very bitter feeling。        In fact�察�the heads of the leading stores were 

afraid to go about as usual�察�and most of them stayed in St。 Paul。                    Little 

Crow was justly held in part responsible for the deceit�察�and his life was not 

safe。 



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     The   murder   of   a   white   family   near Acton�察  �Minnesota�察  �by   a   party   of 

Indian duck hunters in August�察�1862�察�precipitated the break。                 Messengers 

were sent to every village with the news�察�and at the villages of Little Crow 

and   Little   Six   the   war   council   was   red´hot。    It   was   proposed   to   take 

advantage   of   the   fact   that   north   and   south   were   at   war   to   wipe   out   the 

white settlers and to regain their freedom。             A few men stood out against 

such a desperate step�察�but the conflagration had gone beyond their control。 

     There were many mixed bloods among these Sioux�察�and some of the 

Indians held that these were accomplices of the white people in robbing 

them of their possessions�察�therefore their lives should not be spared。                  My 

father�察�Many  Lightnings�察 �who was practically  the leader of   the  Mankato 

band ��for Mankato�察�the chief�察�was a weak man���察�fought desperately for the 

lives    of  the  half´breeds     and   the   missionaries。     The     chiefs   had   great 

confidence   in   my   father�察  �yet   they   would   not   commit   themselves�察  �since 

their braves were clamoring for blood。             Little Crow had been accused of 

all the misfortunes of his tribe�察�and he now hoped by leading them against 

the whites to regain his prestige with his people�察�and a part at least of their 

lost domain。 

     There were moments when the pacifists were in grave peril。                     It was 

almost daybreak when my father saw that the approaching calamity could 

not be prevented。        He and two others said to Little Crow�此 �If you   want 

war�察�you must personally lead your men to´morrow。                   We will not murder 

women   and   children�察  �but   we   will   fight   the   soldiers   when   they   come。; 

They     then   left  the   council   and    hastened    to  warn    my    brother´in´law�察�

Faribault�察�and others who were in danger。 

     Little Crow declared he would be seen in the front of every battle�察�and 

it is true that he was foremost in all the succeeding bloodshed�察�urging his 

warriors to spare none。        He ordered his war leader�察�Many Hail�察�to fire the 

first shot�察�killing the trader James Lynd�察�in the door of his store。 

     After    a  year   of   fighting   in   which    he   had   met    with   defeat�察  �the 

discredited chief retreated to Fort Garry�察�now Winnipeg�察�Manitoba�察�where�察�

together with Standing Buffalo�察�he undertook secret negotiations with his 

old friends the Indian traders。         There was now a price upon his head�察�but 

he planned to reach St。 Paul undetected and there surrender himself to his 



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                       INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS 



friends�察�who he hoped would protect him in return for past favors。                    It is 

true that he had helped them to secure perhaps the finest country held by 

any Indian nation for a mere song。 

     He left Canada with a few trusted friends�察�including his youngest and 

favorite son。     When within two or three days' journey of St。 Paul�察�he told 

the others to return�察�keeping with him only his son�察�Wowinape�察�who was 

but fifteen years of age。        He meant to steal into the city by night and go 

straight to Governor Ramsey�察�who was his personal friend。                   He was very 

hungry and was obliged to keep to the shelter of the deep woods。                      The 

next morning�察�as he was picking and eating wild raspberries�察�he was seen 

by a wood´chopper named Lamson。                The man did not know who he was。 

He only knew that he was an Indian�察�and that was enough for him�察�so he 

lifted his rifle to his shoulder and   fired�察�then ran at   his best pace。            The 

brilliant but misguided chief�察�who had made that part of the country unsafe

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