on the significance of science and art-第10章

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nevertheless；　wherever　we　hear　of　men　who　have　emerged　from　a　state
of　savagery；　we　find　this　science。　　And　all　of　a　sudden　it　appears
that　the　men　of　our　day　have　decided　that　this　same　science；　which
has　hitherto　served　as　the　guiding　thread　of　all　human　knowledge；　is
the　very　thing　which　hinders　every　thing。　　Men　erect　buildings；　and
one　architect　has　made　one　estimate　of　cost；　a　second　has　made
another；　and　a　third　yet　another。　　The　estimates　differ　somewhat；
but　they　are　correct；　so　that　any　one　can　see；　that；　if　the　whole　is
carried　out　in　accordance　with　the　calculations；　the　building　will
be　erected。　　Along　come　people；　and　assert　that　the　chief　point　lies
in　having　no　estimates；　and　that　it　should　be　built　thusby　the
eye。　　And　this　〃thus；〃　men　call　the　most　accurate　of　scientific
science。　　Men　repudiate　every　science；　the　very　substance　of
science；the　definition　of　the　destiny　and　the　welfare　of　men；and
this　repudiation　they　designate　as　science。

Ever　since　men　have　existed；　great　minds　have　been　born　into　their
midst；　which；　in　the　conflict　with　reason　and　conscience；　have　put
to　themselves　questions　as　to　〃what　constitutes　welfare；the
destiny　and　welfare；　not　of　myself　alone；　but　of　every　man？〃　　What
does　that　power　which　has　created　and　which　leads　me；　demand　of　me
and　of　every　man？　　And　what　is　it　necessary　for　me　to　do；　in　order
to　comply　with　the　requirements　imposed　upon　me　by　the　demands　of
individual　and　universal　welfare？　　They　have　asked　themselves：　　〃I
am　a　whole；　and　also　a　part　of　something　infinite；　eternal；　what；
then；　are　my　relations　to　other　parts　similar　to　myself；　to　men　and
to　the　wholeto　the　world？〃

And　from　the　voices　of　conscience　and　of　reason；　and　from　a
comparison　of　what　their　contemporaries　and　men　who　had　lived　before
them；　and　who　had　propounded　to　themselves　the　same　questions；　had
said；　these　great　teachers　have　deduced　their　doctrines；　which　were
simple；　clear；　intelligible　to　all　men；　and　always　such　as　were
susceptible　of　fulfilment。　　Such　men　have　existed　of　the　first；
second；　third；　and　lowest　ranks。　　The　world　is　full　of　such　men。
Every　living　man　propounds　the　question　to　himself；　how　to　reconcile
the　demands　of　welfare；　and　of　his　personal　existence；　with
conscience　and　reason；　and　from　this　universal　labor；　slowly　but
uninterruptedly；　new　forms　of　life；　which　are　more　in　accord　with
the　requirements　of　reason　and　of　conscience；　are　worked　out。

All　at　once；　a　new　caste　of　people　makes　its　appearance；　and　they
say；　〃All　this　is　nonsense；　all　this　must　be　abandoned。〃　　This　is
the　deductive　method　of　ratiocination　（wherein　lies　the　difference
between　the　deductive　and　the　inductive　method；　no　one　can
understand）；　these　are　the　dogmas　of　the　technological　and
metaphysical　period。　　Every　thing　that　these　men　discover　by　inward
experience；　and　which　they　communicate　to　one　another；　concerning
their　knowledge　of　the　law　of　their　existence　（of　their　functional
activity；　according　to　their　own　jargon）；　every　thing　that　the
grandest　minds　of　mankind　have　accomplished　in　this　direction；　since
the　beginning　of　the　world；all　this　is　nonsense；　and　has　no　weight
whatever。　　According　to　this　new　doctrine；　it　appears　that　you　are
cells：　　and　that　you；　as　a　cell；　have　a　very　definite　functional
activity；　which　you　not　only　fulfil；　but　which　you　infallibly　feel
within　you；　and　that　you　are　a　thinking；　talking；　understanding
cell；　and　that　you；　for　this　reason；　can　ask　another　similar　talking
cell　whether　it　is　just　the　same；　and　in　this　way　verify　your　own
experience；　that　you　can　take　advantage　of　the　fact　that　speaking
cells；　which　have　lived　before　you；　have　written　on　the　same
subject；　and　that　you　have　millions　of　cells　which　confirm　your
observations　by　their　agreement　with　the　cells　which　have　written
down　their　thoughts；all　this　signifies　nothing；　all　this　is　an
evil　and　an　erroneous　method。

The　true　scientific　method　is　this：　　If　you　wish　to　know　in　what　the
destiny　and　the　welfare　of　all　mankind　and　of　all　the　world
consists；　you　must；　first　of　all；　cease　to　listen　to　the　voices　of
your　conscience　and　of　your　reason；　which　present　themselves　in　you
and　in　others　like　you；　you　must　cease　to　believe　all　that　the　great
teachers　of　mankind　have　said　with　regard　to　your　conscience　and
reason；　and　you　must　consider　all　this　as　nonsense；　and　begin　all
over　again。　　And；　in　order　to　understand　every　thing　from　the
beginning；　you　must　look　through　microscopes　at　the　movements　of
amoebae；　and　cells　in　worms；　or；　with　still　greater　composure；
believe　in　every　thing　that　men　with　a　diploma　of　infallibility
shall　say　to　you　about　them。　　And　as　you　gaze　at　the　movements　of
these　cells；　or　read　about　what　others　have　seen；　you　must　attribute
to　these　cells　your　own　human　sensations　and　calculations　as　to　what
they　desire；　whither　they　are　directing　themselves；　how　they　compare
and　discuss；　and　to　what　they　have　become　accustomed；　and　from　these
observations　（in　which　there　is　not　a　word　about　an　error　of　thought
or　of　expression）　you　must　deduce　a　conclusion　by　analogy　as　to　what
you　are；　what　is　your　destiny；　wherein　lies　the　welfare　of　yourself
and　of　other　cells　like　you。　　In　order　to　understand　yourself；　you
must　study　not　only　the　worms　which　you　see；　but　microscopic
creatures　which　you　can　barely　see；　and　transformations　from　one　set
of　creatures　into　others；　which　no　one　has　ever　beheld；　and　which
you；　most　assuredly；　will　never　behold。　　And　the　same　with　art。
Where　there　has　been　true　science；　art　has　always　been　its　exponent。

Ever　since　men　have　been　in　existence；　they　have　been　in　the　habit
of　deducing；　from　all　pursuits；　the　expressions　of　various　branches
of　learning　concerning　the　destiny　and　the　welfare　of　man；　and　the
expression　of　this　knowledge　has　been　art　in　the　strict　sense　of　the
word。

Ever　since　men　have　existed；　there　have　been　those　who　were
peculiarly　sensitive　and　responsive　to　the　doctrine　regarding　the
destiny　and　welfare　of　man；　who　have　given　expression　to　their　own
and　the　popular　conflict；　to　the　delusions　which　lead　them　astray
from　their　destinies；　their　sufferings　in　this　conflict；　their　hopes
in　the　triumph　of　good；　them　despair　over　the　triumph　of　evil；　and
their　raptures　in　the　consciousness　of　the　approaching　bliss　of　man；
on　viol　and　tabret；　in　images　and　words。　　Always；　down　to　the　most
recent　times；　art　has　served　science　and　life；only　then　was　it
what　has　been　so　highly　esteemed　of　men。　　But　art；　in　its　capacity
of　an　important　human　activity；　disappeared　simultaneously　with　the
substitution　for　the　genuine　science　of　destiny　and　welfare；　of　the
science　of　any　thing　you　choose　to　fancy。　　Art　has　existed　among　all
peoples；　and　will　exist　until　that　which　among　us　is　scornfully
called　religion　has　come　to　be　considered　the　only　science。

In　our　European　world；　so　long　as　there　existed　a　Church；　as　the
doctrine　of　destiny　and　welfare；　and　so　long　as　the　Church　was
regarded　as　the　only　true　science；　art　served　the　Church；　and
remained　true　art：　　but　as　soon　as　art　abandoned　the　Church；　and
began　to　serve　science；　while　science　served　whatever　came　to　hand；
art　lost　its　significance。　　And　notwithstanding　the　rights　claimed
on　the　score　of　ancient　memories；　and　of　the　clumsy　assertion　which
only　proves　its　loss　of　its　calling；　that　art　serves　art；　it　has
become　a　trade；　providing　men　with　something　agreeable；　and　as　such；
it　inevitably　comes　into　the　category　of　choreographic；　culinary；
hair…dressing；　and　cosmetic　arts；　whose　practitioners　designate
themselves　as　artists；　with　the　same　right　as　the　poets；　printers；
and　musicians　of　our　day。

Glance　backward　into　the　past；　and　you　will　see　that　in　the　course
of　thousands　of　years；　out　of　milliards　of　people；　only　half　a　score
of　Confucius'；　Buddhas；　Solomons；　Socrates；　Solons；　and　Homers　have
been　produced。　　Evidently；　they　are　rarely　met　with　among　men；　in
spite　of　the　fact　that　these　men　have　not　been　selected　from　a
single　caste；　but　from　mankind　at　large。　　Evidently；　these　true
teachers　and　artists　and　learned　men；　the　purveyors　of　spiritual
nourishment；　are　rare。　　And　it　is　not　wit