the bhagavad-gita(依悟略誼,耳万)-及17嫗
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Arjuna。 Fain would I better know�察�Thou Glorious One� �The very truth´
´Heart's Lord��of Sannyas�察 �Abstention�察 �and enunciation�察 �Lord� �Tyaga�察�
and what separates these twain� �
Krishna。 The poets rightly teach that Sannyas Is the foregoing of all
acts which spring Out of desire�察�and their wisest say Tyaga is renouncing
fruit of acts。
There be among the saints some who have held All action sinful�察�and
to be renounced�察 �And some who answer�察 �Nay� �the goodly acts As
worship�察 �penance�察 �almsmust be performed� ─ �Hear now My sentence�察�
Best of Bharatas� �
'Tis well set forth�察�O Chaser of thy Foes� �Renunciation is of threefold
form�察�And Worship�察 �Penance�察�Alms�察 �not to be stayed�察 �Nay�察 �to be gladly
done�察�for all those three Are purifying waters for true souls� �
Yet must be practised even those high works In yielding up attachment�察�
and all fruit Produced by works。 This is My judgment�察 �Prince� �This My
insuperable and fixed decree� �
Abstaining from a work by right prescribed Never is meet� �So to
abstain doth spring From ;Darkness�察─�and Delusion teacheth it。 Abstaining
from a work grievous to flesh�察 �When one saith ;'Tisunpleasing� ─ �this is
null� �Such an one acts from ;passion�察─ �nought of gain Wins his
Renunciation� �But�察 �Arjun� �Abstaining from attachment to the work�察�
Abstaining from rewardment in the work�察 �While yet one doeth it full
faithfully�察 �Saying�察 �Tis right to do� ─ �that is ;true ; act And abstinence� �
Who doeth duties so�察�Unvexed if his work fail�察�if it succeed Unflattered�察�in
his own heart justified�察�Quit of debates and doubts�察�his is ;true; act�此�For�察�
being in the body�察 �none may stand Wholly aloof from act�察 �yet�察 �who
abstains From profit of his acts is abstinent。
The fruit of labours�察 �in the lives to come�察 �Is threefold for all men�察�
Desirable�察�And Undesirable�察�and mixed of both�察�But no fruit is at all where
no work was。
Hear from me�察�Long´armed Lord� �the makings five Which go to every
act�察�in Sankhya taught As necessary。 First the force�察�and then The agent�察�
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next�察 �the various instruments�察 �Fourth�察 �the especial effort�察 �fifth�察 �the God。
What work soever any mortal doth Of body�察�mind�察�or speech�察�evil or good�察�
By these five doth he that。 Which being thus�察 �Whoso�察 �for lack of
knowledge�察 �seeth himself As the sole actor�察 �knoweth nought at all And
seeth nought。 Therefore�察 �I say�察 �if one Holding aloof from selfwith
unstained mind Should slay all yonder host�察�being bid to slay�察�He doth not
slay�察�he is not bound thereby� �
Knowledge�察�the thing known�察�and the mind which knows�察�These make
the threefold starting´ground of act。 The act�察�the actor�察�and the instrument�察�
These make the threefold total of the deed。 But knowledge�察�agent�察�act�察�are
differenced By three dividing qualities。 Hear now Which be the qualities
dividing them。
There is ;true; Knowledge。 Learn thou it is this�此�To see one changeless
Life in all the Lives�察 �And in the Separate�察 �One Inseparable。 There is
imperfect Knowledge�此�that which sees The separate existences apart�察�And�察�
being separated�察 �holds them real。 There is false Knowledge�此 �that which
blindly clings To one as if 'twere all�察�seeking no Cause�察�Deprived of light�察�
narrow�察�and dull�察�and ;dark。;
There is ;right; Action�此 �that which being enjoined Is wrought
without attachment�察�passionlessly�察�For duty�察�not for love�察�nor hate�察�nor gain。
There is ;vain; Action�此�that which men pursue Aching to satisfy desires�察�
impelled By sense of self�察 �with all´absorbing stress�此 �This is of Rajas
passionate and vain。 There is ;dark; Action�此 �when one doth a thing
Heedless of issues�察�heedless of the hurt Or wrong for others�察�heedless if he
harm His own soul'tis of Tamas�察�black and bad� �
There is the ;rightful;doer。 He who acts Free from self´seeking�察�
humble�察�resolute�察�Steadfast�察�in good or evil hap the same�察�Content to do
aright´he ;truly; acts。 There is th' ;impassioned; doer。 He that works From
impulse�察�seeking profit�察�rude and bold To overcome�察�unchastened�察�slave by
turns Of sorrow and of joy�此�of Rajas he� �And there be evil doers�察�loose of
heart�察�Low´minded�察�stubborn�察�fraudulent�察�remiss�察�Dull�察�slow�察�despondent
children of the ;dark。;
Hear�察 �too�察 �of Intellect and Steadfastness The threefold separation�察�
Conqueror´Prince� �How these are set apart by Qualities。
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Good is the Intellect which comprehends The coming forth and going
back of life�察�What must be done�察�and what must not be done�察�What should
be feared�察 �and what should not be feared�察 �What binds and what
emancipates the soul�此 �That is of Sattwan�察 �Prince� �of ;soothfastness。;
Marred is the Intellect which�察 �knowing right And knowing wrong�察 �and
what is well to do And what must not be done�察 �yet understands Nought
with firm mind�察 �nor as the calm truth is�此 �This is of Rajas�察 �Prince� �and
;passionate� ─ �Evil is Intellect which�察 �wrapped in gloom�察 �Looks upon
wrong as right�察�and sees all things Contrariwise of Truth。 O Pritha's Son� �
That is of Tamas�察 �dark; and desperate� �
Good is the steadfastness whereby a man Masters his beats of heart�察�
his very breath Of life�察�the action of his senses�察�fixed In never´shaken faith
and piety�此�That is of Sattwan�察�Prince� �soothfast; and fair� �Stained is the
steadfastness whereby a man Holds to his duty�察�purpose�察�effort�察�end�察�For
life's sake�察 �and the love of goods to gain�察�Arjuna� �'tis of Rajas�察 �passion´
stamped� �Sad is the steadfastness wherewith the fool Cleaves to his sloth�察�
his sorrow�察 �and his fears�察 �His folly and despair。 ThisPritha's Son� �Is
born of Tamas�察 �dark; and miserable� �
Hear further�察 �Chief of Bharatas� �from Me The threefold kinds of
Pleasure which there be。
Good Pleasure is the pleasure that endures�察 �Banishing pain for aye�察�
bitter at first As poison to the soul�察 �but afterward Sweet as the taste of
Amrit。 Drink of that� �It springeth in the Spirit's deep content。 And painful
Pleasure springeth from the bond Between the senses and the sense´world。
Sweet As Amrit is its first taste�察�but its last Bitter as poison。 'Tis of Rajas�察�
Prince� �And foul and ;dark; the Pleasure is which springs From sloth and
sin and foolishness�察�at first And at the last�察�and all the way of life The soul
bewildering。 'Tis of Tamas�察�Prince� �
For nothing lives on earth�察�nor 'midst the gods In utmost heaven�察�but
hath its being bound With these three Qualities�察�by Nature framed。
The work of Brahmans�察 �Kshatriyas�察 �Vaisyas�察 �And Sudras�察 �O thou
Slayer of thy Foes� �Is fixed by reason of the Qualities Planted in each�此�
A Brahman's virtues�察 �Prince� �Born of his nature�察 �are serenity�察 �Self´
mastery�察�religion�察�purity�察�Patience�察�uprightness�察�learning�察�and to know The
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truth of things which be。 A Kshatriya's pride�察�Born of his nature�察�