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like these�此 �Canst thou not�察�comrade�察�ken that sword which to the fray thy 

father carried in his final feud�察�'neath the fighting´mask�察�dearest of blades�察�

when the Danish slew him and wielded the war´place on Withergild's fall�察�

after havoc   of heroes�察 �those   hardy  Scyldings�拭  �Now�察 �the   son of   a   certain 

slaughtering Dane�察�proud of his treasure�察�paces this hall�察�joys in the killing�察�

and carries the jewel��4�А�that rightfully ought to be owned by thee��_ Thus 

he urges and eggs him all the time with keenest words�察�till occasion offers 

that Freawaru's thane�察�for his father's deed�察�after bite of brand in his blood 

must slumber�察�losing his life�察�but that liegeman flies living away�察�for the 

land he   kens。 And   thus be   broken   on   both their sides   oaths of   the  earls�察�

when   Ingeld's   breast   wells   with   war´hate�察  �and   wife´love   now   after   the 

care´billows cooler   grows。  ;So��5�А �I   hold not high   the   Heathobards'   faith 

due to the Danes�察�or their during love and pact of peace。  But I pass from 

that�察  �turning   to   Grendel�察  �O   giver´of´treasure�察  �and   saying   in   full   how   the 

fight resulted�察�hand´fray of heroes。 When heaven's jewel had fled o'er far 

fields�察�that fierce sprite came�察�night´foe savage�察�to seek us out where safe 

and   sound      we   sentried   the   hall。   To   Hondscio   then   was   that   harassing 

deadly�察�his fall there was fated。 He first was slain�察�girded warrior。 Grendel 



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on him  turned murderous   mouth�察�on   our mighty  kinsman�察�and   all of   the 

brave man's body devoured。 Yet none the earlier�察�empty´handed�察�would the 

bloody´toothed   murderer�察        �mindful     of   bale�察 �outward    go   from   the   gold´ 

decked hall�此�but me he attacked in his terror of might�察�with greedy hand 

grasped   me。  A   glove   hung   by   him��6�А  �wide   and   wondrous�察  �wound   with 

bands�察�and in artful wise it all was wrought�察�by devilish craft�察�of dragon´ 

skins。 Me therein�察�an innocent man�察�the fiendish foe was fain to thrust with 

many another。 He might not so�察�when I all angrily upright stood。 'Twere 

long to relate how that land´destroyer I paid in kind for his cruel deeds�察�yet 

there�察  �my   prince�察  �this   people   of   thine   got   fame   by   my   fighting。   He   fled 

away�察�and a little space his life preserved�察�but there staid behind him his 

stronger hand left in Heorot�察�heartsick thence on the floor of the ocean that 

outcast fell。 Me for this struggle the Scyldings'´friend paid in plenty with 

plates of gold�察�with many a treasure�察�when morn had come and we all at 

the   banquet´board   sat   down。   Then   was   song   and   glee。   The   gray´haired 

Scylding�察�much tested�察�told of the times of yore。 Whiles the hero his harp 

bestirred�察�wood´of´delight�察�now lays he chanted of sooth and sadness�察�or 

said aright legends of wonder�察�the wide´hearted king�察�or for years of his 

youth he would yearn at times�察�for strength of old struggles�察�now stricken 

with   age�察  �hoary   hero�此  �his   heart   surged   full   when�察  �wise   with   winters�察  �he 

wailed   their   flight。   Thus   in   the   hall   the   whole   of   that   day   at   ease   we 

feasted�察  �till   fell  o'er   earth  another   night。   Anon    full   ready   in  greed   of 

vengeance�察      �Grendel's    mother     set  forth   all  doleful。   Dead    was    her  son 

through   war´hate       of  Weders�察    �now�察  �woman      monstrous      with   fury   fell  a 

foeman      she    slew�察  �avenged     her   offspring。     From    Aeschere      old�察  �loyal 

councillor�察�life was gone�察�nor might they e'en�察�when morning broke�察�those 

Danish people�察�their death´done comrade burn with brands�察�on balefire lay 

the man they mourned。 Under mountain stream she had carried the corpse 

with cruel hands。 For Hrothgar that was the heaviest sorrow of all that had 

laden the lord of his folk。 The leader then�察�by thy life�察�besought me ��sad 

was his soul�� in the sea´waves' coil to play the hero and hazard my being 

for glory of prowess�此�my guerdon he pledged。 I then in the waters  'tis 

widely known  that sea´floor´guardian savage found。 Hand´to´hand there 

a while  we  struggled�察�billows   welled   blood�察�in   the  briny hall her  head   I 



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hewed with a hardy blade from Grendel's mother�察 �and gained my life�察�

though   not   without   danger。   My   doom   was   not   yet。   Then   the   haven´of´ 

heroes�察�Healfdene's son�察�gave me in guerdon great gifts of price。 

     Note�此  。�1�А  �Beowulf   gives   his   uncle   the   king   not   mere   gossip   of   his 

journey�察�but a statesmanlike forecast of the outcome of certain policies at 

the   Danish   court。  Talk   of   interpolation   here   is   absurd。 As   both   Beowulf 

and Hygelac know�察 �and the folk for whom the Beowulf was put together 

also knew�察 �Froda was king of the Heathobards ��probably the Langobards�察�

once near neighbors of Angle and Saxon tribes on the continent���察�and had 

fallen in fight with the Danes。 Hrothgar will set aside this feud by giving 

his daughter as ;peace´weaver; and wife to the young king Ingeld�察�son of 

the    slain   Froda。    But    Beowulf�察    �on   general     principles    and   from     his 

observation      of   the  particular   case�察  �foretells   trouble。   Note�此  。�2�А  �Play   of 

shields�察�battle。 A Danish warrior cuts down Froda in the fight�察�and takes 

his   sword     and   armor�察  �leaving    them   to   a  son。   This   son   is  selected   to 

accompany  his   mistress�察  �the   young princess   Freawaru�察  �to   her   new home 

when she is Ingeld's queen。 Heedlessly he wears the sword of Froda in hall。 

An old warrior points it out to Ingeld�察�and eggs him on to vengeance。 At 

his instigation the Dane is killed�察�but the murderer�察�afraid of results�察�and 

knowing the land�察�escapes。 So the old feud must break out again。 ��3�А�That 

is�察�their disastrous battle and the slaying of their king。 ��4�А�The sword。 ��5�А�

Beowulf       returns   to  his   forecast。   Things    might    well   go   somewhat       as 

follows�察�he says�察�sketches a little tragic story�察�and with this prophecy by 

illustration returns to the tale of his adventure。 ��6�А�Not an actual glove�察�but 

a sort of bag。 



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                                         XXXI 



     ;So held this king to the customs old�察�that I wanted for nought in the 

wage I gained�察�the meed of my might�察�he made me gifts�察�Healfdene's heir�察�

for my own disposal。 Now to thee�察�my prince�察�I proffer them all�察�gladly 

give   them。   Thy   grace   alone   can   find   me   favor。   Few   indeed   have   I   of 

kinsmen�察�save�察�Hygelac�察�thee� ─�Then he bade them bear him the boar´head 

standard�察 �the   battle´helm  high�察  �and   breastplate  gray�察  �the   splendid   sword�察�

then   spake   in   form�此      �Me   this   war´gear   the   wise   old   prince�察  �Hrothgar�察�

gave�察�and his hest he added�察�that its story be straightway said to thee。  A 

while   it   was   held   by   Heorogar   king�察  �for   long   time   lord   of   the   land   of 

Scyldings�察�yet not to his son the sovran left it�察�to daring Heoroweard�察 �

dear as he was to him�察�his harness of battle。  Well hold thou it all� ─�And I 

heard that soon passed o'er the path of this treasure�察�all apple´fallow�察�four 

good steeds�察�each like the others�察�arms and horses he gave to the king。 So 

should kinsmen be�察�not weave one another the net of wiles�察�or with deep´ 

hid treachery death contrive for neighbor and comrade。 His nephew was 

ever by hardy Hygelac held full dear�察�and each kept watch o'er the other's 

weal。   I   heard�察  �too�察  �the   necklace   to   Hygd   

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