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resting�察�a thousand winters they waited there。 For all that heritage huge�察�

that   gold   of   bygone   men�察  �was   bound   by   a   spell�撮�5�А  �so   the   treasure´hall 

could be touched by none of human kind�察 �save that Heaven's King�察�God 

himself�察�might give whom he would�察�Helper of Heroes�察�the hoard to open�察�

 even such a man as seemed to him meet。 

     ��1�А�The line may mean�此�till Hrethelings stormed on the hedged shields�察�

 i。e。 the shield´wall or hedge of defensive war  Hrethelings�察�of course�察�

are Geats。 ��2�А�Eofor�察�brother to Wulf Wonreding。 ��3�А�Sc。 ;value in; hides 



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and the weight of the gold。 ��4�А�Not at all。 ��5�А�Laid on it when it was put in 

the   barrow。   This   spell�察 �or  in  our   days  the   ;curse�察─ �either   prevented 

discovery or brought dire ills on the finder and taker。 



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                                           XLII 



     A PERILOUS path�察�it proved�察�he��1�А�trod who heinously hid�察�that hall 

within�察�wealth under wall� �Its watcher had killed one of a few�撮�2�А�and the 

feud   was   avenged   in   woful   fashion。 Wondrous   seems   it�察  �what   manner   a 

man of might and valor oft ends his life�察�when the earl no longer in mead´ 

hall may live with loving friends。 So Beowulf�察�when that barrow's warden 

he   sought�察  �and   the   struggle�察  �himself   knew   not   in   what   wise   he   should 

wend from the world at last。 For��3�А�princes potent�察�who placed the gold�察�

with a curse to doomsday covered it deep�察�so that marked with sin the man 

should   be�察  �hedged   with   horrors�察  �in   hell´bonds   fast�察  �racked   with   plagues�察�

who should rob their hoard。 Yet no greed for gold�察�but the grace of heaven�察�

ever the king had kept in view。��4�А�Wiglaf spake�察�the son of Weohstan�此 �

;At   the   mandate   of   one�察  �oft   warriors   many   sorrow   must   suffer�察  �and   so 

must we。 The people's´shepherd showed not aught of care for our counsel�察�

king beloved� �That guardian of gold he should grapple not�察�urged we�察�but 

let him lie where he long had been in his earth´hall waiting the end of the 

world�察�the hest of heaven。  This hoard is ours but grievously gotten�察�too 

grim the fate which thither carried our king and lord。 I was within there�察�

and all I viewed�察�the chambered treasure�察�when chance allowed me ��and 

my   path   was   made   in   no   pleasant   wise��   under   the   earth´wall。   Eager�察  �I 

seized such heap from the hoard as hands could bear and hurriedly carried 

it hither   back to   my   liege   and   lord。 Alive   was   he   still�察�still   wielding   his 

wits。 The wise old man spake much in his sorrow�察�and sent you greetings 

and   bade   that   ye   build�察  �when   he   breathed   no   more�察  �on   the   place   of   his 

balefire a barrow high�察�memorial mighty。 Of men was he worthiest warrior 

wide earth o'er the while he had joy of his jewels and burg。 Let us set out 

in haste now�察�the second time to see and search this store of treasure�察�these 

wall´hid wonders�察 �the way I show you�察 �where�察�gathered near�察�ye may 

gaze your fill at broad´gold and rings。 Let the bier�察�soon made�察�be all in 

order   when   out   we   come�察  �our   king   and   captain   to   carry   thither      man 

beloved      where   long   he   shall   bide   safe   in   the   shelter   of   sovran   God。; 

Then the bairn of Weohstan bade command�察�hardy chief�察�to heroes many 

that owned their homesteads�察�hither to bring firewood from far  o'er the 



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folk they ruled  for the famed´one's funeral。 ; Fire shall devour and wan 

flames feed on the fearless warrior who oft stood stout in the iron´shower�察�

when�察�sped from the string�察�a storm of arrows shot o'er the shield´wall�此�the 

shaft   held   firm�察  �featly   feathered�察  �followed   the   barb。; And   now   the   sage 

young son of Weohstan seven chose of the chieftain's thanes�察�the best he 

found that band within�察�and went with these warriors�察�one of eight�察�under 

hostile roof。 In hand one bore a lighted torch and led the way。 No lots they 

cast for keeping the hoard when once the warriors saw it in hall�察�altogether 

without   a   guardian�察  �lying   there   lost。 And   little   they   mourned   when   they 

had   hastily  haled   it   out�察  �dear´bought   treasure� �The   dragon   they  cast�察  �the 

worm�察  �o'er     the   wall  for   the  wave   to    take�察  �and  surges   swallowed       that 

shepherd of gems。 Then the woven gold on a wain was laden  countless 

quite�  �and the king was borne�察�hoary hero�察�to Hrones´Ness。 

     ��1�А  �Probably   the   fugitive   is   meant   who   discovered        the   hoard。   Ten 

Brink and Gering assume that the dragon is meant。 ;Hid; may well mean 

here   ;took   while   in   hiding。;   ��2�А  �That   is   ;one   and   a   few   others。;   But 

Beowulf   seems   to   be   indicated。   ��3�А  �Ten   Brink   points   out   the   strongly 

heathen character of this part of the epic。 Beowulf's end came�察�so the old 

tradition ran�察�from his unwitting interference with spell´bound treasure。 ��4�А�

A   hard    saying�察   �variously   interpreted。     In  any   case�察  �it  is  the  somewhat 

clumsy   effort   of   the   Christian   poet   to   tone   down   the   heathenism   of   his 

material by an edifying observation。 



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                                         XLIII 



     THEN fashioned for him the folk of Geats firm on the earth a funeral´ 

pile�察�and hung it with helmets and harness of war and breastplates bright�察�

as the boon he asked�察�and they laid amid it the mighty chieftain�察�heroes 

mourning their   master dear。 Then on  the hill that hugest of balefires the 

warriors wakened。 Wood´smoke rose black over blaze�察�and blent was the 

roar of flame with weeping ��the wind was still���察�till the fire had broken the 

frame of bones�察�hot at the heart。 In heavy mood their misery moaned they�察�

their master's death。 Wailing her woe�察�the widow��1�А�old�察�her hair upbound�察�

for Beowulf's death sung in her sorrow�察�and said full oft she dreaded the 

doleful days to come�察�deaths enow�察�and doom of battle�察�and shame。  The 

smoke by the sky was devoured。 The folk of the Weders fashioned there 

on the headland a barrow broad and high�察�by ocean´farers far descried�此�in 

ten   days'   time   their   toil   had   raised   it�察  �the   battle´brave's   beacon。   Round 

brands   of   the   pyre   a   wall   they   built�察  �the   worthiest   ever   that   wit   could 

prompt in their wisest men。 They placed in the barrow that precious booty�察�

the rounds and the rings they had reft erewhile�察�hardy heroes�察�from hoard 

in   cave�察     �trusting   the   ground   with   treasure   of   earls�察  �gold   in   the   earth�察�

where ever it lies useless to men as of yore it was。 Then about that barrow 

the battle´keen rode�察�atheling´born�察�a band of twelve�察�lament to make�察�to 

mourn their king�察�chant their dirge�察�and their chieftain honor。 They praised 

his earlship�察�his acts of prowess worthily witnessed�此�and well it is that men 

their master´friend mightily laud�察�heartily love�察�when hence he goes from 

life in the body forlorn away。 

     Thus    made     their  mourning     the   men    of  Geatland�察   �for  their   hero's 

passing his hearth´companions�此�quoth that of all the kings of earth�察�of men 

he was mildest and most beloved�察�to his kin the kindest�察�keenest for praise。 

     ��1�А�Nothing is said of Beowulf's wife in the poem�察�but Bugge surmises 

that Beowulf finally accepted Hygd's offer of kingdom and hoard�察�and�察�as 

was usual�察�took her into the bargain。 



         

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