The Conditions of Existenceby Thomas H. HuxleyIN the last Lecture I endeavoured to prove to you that, while, as ageneral rule, organic beings tend to reproduce their kind, there is inthem, also, a constantly recurring tendency to varyto vary to agreater or to a less extent. Such a variety, I pointed out to you,might arise from causes which we do not understand; we therefore calledit spontaneous; and it might come into existence as a definite andmarked thing, without any gradations between itself and the form whichpreceded it. I further pointed out, that such a variety having oncearisen, might be perpetuated to some extent, and indeed to a verymarked extent, without any direct interference　

a rich man who had a beautiful and pious wife, and they lovedeach other dearly. They had, however, no children, though theywished for them very much, and the woman prayed for them dayand night, but still they had none. Now there was a court-yardin front of their house in which was a juniper tree, and one dayin winter the woman was standing beneath it, paring herself anapple, and while she was paring herself the apple she cut herfinger, and the blood fell on the snow. Ah, said the woman,and sighed right heavily, and looked at the blood before her, andwas most unhappy, ah, if I had but a child as red as blood andas white as snow. And while she thus spoke, she became quitehappy in her mind　

FAIRY TALES OF HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSENTHE SNOWDROPby Hans Christian AndersenIT was winter-time; the air was cold, the wind was sharp, butwithin the closed doors it was warm and comfortable, and within theclosed door lay the flower; it lay in the bulb under thesnow-covered earth.One day rain fell. The drops penetrated through the snowy coveringdown into the earth, and touched the flower-bulb, and talked of thebright world above. Soon the Sunbeam pierced its way through thesnow to the root, and within the root there was a stirring."Come in," said the flower."I cannot," said the Sunbeam. "I am not strong enough to unlock...　

The Symposiumby XenophonTranslation by H. G. DakynsXenophon the Athenian was born 431 B.C. He was a pupil of Socrates. He marched with the Spartans, and was exiled from Athens. Sparta gave him land and property in Scillus, where he lived for many years before having to move once more, to settle in Corinth. He died in 354 B.C.The Symposium records the discussion of Socrates and company at a dinner given by Callias for the youth Autolycus. Dakyns believed that Plato knew of this work, and that it influenced him to some degree when he wrote his own "Symposium."THE SYMPOSIUMorThe BanquetIFor myself,[1] I hold to the opinion that not alone are the serious transactions of "good and noble men"[2] 　

BOOK II: OF THEIR SLAVES, AND OF THEIR MARRIAGESTHEY do not make slaves of prisoners of war, except those that aretaken in battle; nor of the sons of their slaves, nor of those ofother nations: the slaves among them are only such as arecondemned to that state of life for the commission of some crime,or, which is more common, such as their merchants find condemnedto die in those parts to which they trade, whom they sometimesredeem at low rates; and in other places have them for nothing.They are kept at perpetual labor, and are always chained, but withthis difference, that their own natives are treated much worse...　

Old Christmasby Washington IrvingBut is old, old, good old Christmas gone? Nothing but the hair ofhis good, gray, old head and beard left? Well, I will have that,seeing that I cannot have more of him.Hue and Cry after Christmas.CONTENTSCHRISTMASTHE STAGE-COACHCHRISTMAS EVECHRISTMAS DAYTHE CHRISTMAS DINNERA man might then beholdAt Christmas, in each hallGood fires to curb the cold,And meat for great and small.The neighbours were friendly bidden,And all had welcome true,The poor from the gates were not chidden,When this old cap was new.Old SongChristmasThere is nothing in England that exercises a more delightful spell over my imagination than the lingerings of the holiday customs and rural 　

Pathology of Lying, Etc.by William and Mary HealyPATHOLOGICAL LYING, ACCUSATION, AND SWINDLING A STUDY IN FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGYDIRECTOR, PSYCHOPATHIC INSTITUTE, JUVENILE COURT, CHICAGO ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR NERVOUS AND MENTAL DISEASES CHICAGO POLICLINIC; AUTHOR OF ``THE INDIVIDUAL DELINQUENT' ANDMARY TENNEY HEALY, B.L.TO MERRITT W. PINCKNEY JUDGE OF THE JUVENILE COURT CHICAGO``Bonus et sapiens et peritus utilitatis dignitatisque civilis.'EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENTThis volume is one of a series of Monograph Supplements to the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. The publication of the Monographs is authorized by the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology. Such a series has become　

Hermann and DorotheaBy Johann Wolfgang von GoetheTranslated by Ellen FrothinghamINTRODUCTORY NOTEThere are few modern poems of any country so perfect in their kind as the "Hermann and Dorothea" of Goethe. In clearness of characterization, in unity of tone, in the adjustment of background and foreground, in the conduct of the narrative, it conforms admirably to the strict canons of art; yet it preserves a freshness and spontaneity in its emotional appeal that are rare in works of so classical a perfection in form.The basis of the poem is a historical incident. In the year 1731 the Archbishop of Salzburg drove out of his diocese a thousand Protestants, who took refuge in South Germany, and am　

TWELFTH NIGHT; OR, WHAT YOU WILLTWELFTH NIGHT; OR,WHAT YOU WILLWilliam Shakespeare16021- Page 2-TWELFTH NIGHT; OR, WHAT YOU WILLDRAMATIS PERSONAEORSINO, Duke of Illyria SEBASTIAN, brother of Viola ANTONIO, asea captain, friend of Sebastian A SEA CAPTAIN, friend of ViolaVALENTINE, gentleman attending on the Duke CURIO, gentlemanattending on the Duke SIR TOBY BELCH, uncle of Olivia SIR ANDREWAGUECHEEK MALVOLIO, steward to Olivia FABIAN, servant to...　

Three Ghost Storiesby Charles DickensContents:The Signal-ManThe Haunted-HouseThe Trial For MurderTHE SIGNAL-MAN"Halloa! Below there!"When he heard a voice thus calling to him, he was standing at thedoor of his box, with a flag in his hand, furled round its shortpole. One would have thought, considering the nature of the ground,that he could not have doubted from what quarter the voice came; butinstead of looking up to where I stood on the top of the steepcutting nearly over his head, he turned himself about, and lookeddown the Line. There was something remarkable in his manner of...　

FLAMININUS230?-174 B.C.by Plutarchtranslated by John DrydenWHAT Titus Quintius [Flamininus], whom we select as a parallel toPhilopoemen, was in personal appearance, those who are curious may seeby the brazen statue of him, which stands in Rome near that of thegreat Apollo, brought from Carthage, opposite to the Circus Maximus,with a Greek inscription upon it. The temper of his mind is said tohave been of the warmest both in anger and in kindness, not indeedequally so in both respects; as in punishing he was ever moderate,never inflexible; but whatever courtesy or good turn he set about,...　

An Unprotected Female at the Pyramidsby Anthony TrollopeIn the happy days when we were young, no description conveyed to us socomplete an idea of mysterious reality as that of an Oriental city. Weknew it was actually there, but had such vague notions of its ways andlooks! Let any one remember his early impressions as to Bagdad orGrand Cairo, and then say if this was not so. It was probably takenfrom the "Arabian Nights," and the picture produced was one of strange,fantastic, luxurious houses; of women who were either very young andvery beautiful, or else very old and very cunning; but in either stateexercising much more influence in life than women in the East do now;...