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proceeded   to   kill   and   eat�察  �which�察  �in   a   little   while�察  �he   heard   that   King 

Harald was on foot to inquire into and punish�察�whereupon Rolf the Ganger 

speedily got into his ships again�察�got to the coast of France with his sea´ 

robbers�察�got infeftment by the poor King of France in the fruitful�察�shaggy 

desert which is since called Normandy�察�land of the Northmen�察�and there�察�

gradually felling the forests�察�banking the rivers�察�tilling the fields�察�became�察�

during the next two centuries�察�Wilhelmus Conquaestor�察�the man famous to 

England�察  �and   momentous   at   this   day�察  �not   to   England   alone�察  �but   to   all 

speakers of the English tongue�察�now spread from side to side of the world 

in   a   wonderful   degree。   Tancred   of   Hauteville   and   his   Italian   Normans�察�

though important too�察�in Italy�察�are not worth naming in comparison。 This is 

a feracious earth�察�and the grain of mustard´seed will grow to miraculous 

extent in some cases。 

     Harald's      chief   helper�察   �counsellor�察    �and    lieutenant    was    the   above´ 

mentioned   Jarl   Rognwald   of   More�察  �who   had   the   honor   to   cut   Harald's 

dreadful head of hair。 This Rognwald was father of Turf´Einar�察�who first 

invented   peat   in   the   Orkneys�察  �finding   the   wood   all   gone   there�察  �and   is 

remembered         to  this  day。   Einar�察  �being    come     to  these   islands    by  King 

Harald's permission�察�to see what he could do in them��islands inhabited 

by   what   miscellany   of   Picts�察  �Scots�察  �Norse   squatters   we   do   not   know�察�

found the indispensable fuel all wasted。 Turf´Einar too may be regarded as 

a benefactor to his kind。 He was�察�it appears�察�a bastard�察�and got no coddling 

from his father�察 �who disliked him�察�partly  perhaps�察�because ;he was   ugly 

and    blind    of  an   eye�察�got    no   flattering    even   on   his   conquest     of  the 

Orkneys and invention of peat。 Here is the parting speech his father made 

to him on fitting him out with a ;long´ship; ��ship of war�察 �dragon´ship�察─�



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ancient seventy´four���察�and sending him forth to make a living for himself 

in the world�此 �It were best if thou never camest back�察�for I have small hope 

that   thy   people   will   have   honor   by   thee�察  �thy   mother's   kin   throughout   is 

slavish。; 

     Harald Haarfagr had a good many sons and daughters�察�the daughters 

he married mostly to jarls of due merit who were loyal to him�察�with the 

sons�察   �as  remarked     above�察   �he  had   a  great   deal  of   trouble。   They   were 

ambitious�察�stirring fellows�察�and grudged at their finding so little promotion 

from a   father   so kind   to his jarls�察  �sea´robbery  by no   means   an   adequate 

career for the sons of a great king�察�two of them�察�Halfdan Haaleg ��Long´ 

leg���察�and Gudrod Ljome ��Gleam���察�jealous of the favors won by the great 

Jarl Rognwald。 surrounded him in his house one night�察�and burnt him and 

sixty  men   to death there。 That   was the   end   of Rognwald�察�the   invaluable 

jarl�察  �always    true  to  Haarfagr�察    �and   distinguished     in  world    history   by 

producing Rolf the Ganger�察�author of the Norman Conquest of England�察�

and Turf´Einar�察�who invented peat in the Orkneys。 Whether Rolf had left 

Norway at this time there is no chronology to tell me。 As to Rolf's surname�察�

;Ganger�察─  �there   are   various   hypotheses�察  �the   likeliest�察  �perhaps�察  �that   Rolf 

was so weighty a man no horse ��small Norwegian horses�察�big ponies rather�� 

could carry him�察�and that he usually walked�察�having a mighty stride withal�察�

and great velocity on foot。 

     One     of  these   murderers     of  Jarl  Rognwald       quietly   set  himself    in 

Rognwald's place�察�the other making for Orkney to serve Turf´Einar in like 

fashion。 Turf´Einar�察�taken by surprise�察�fled to the mainland�察�but returned�察�

days or perhaps weeks after�察�ready for battle�察�fought with Halfdan�察�put his 

party to flight�察�and at next morning's light searched the island and slew all 

the men he found。 As to Halfdan Long´leg himself�察�in fierce memory of 

his own murdered father�察�Turf´Einar ;cut an eagle on his back�察─�that is to 

say�察�hewed the ribs from each side of the spine and turned them out like 

the   wings   of   a   spread´eagle�此  �a   mode   of   Norse   vengeance   fashionable   at 

that time in extremely aggravated cases� �

     Harald Haarfagr�察�in the mean time�察�had descended upon the Rognwald 

scene�察�not in mild mood towards the new jarl there�察�indignantly dismissed 

said jarl�察�and appointed a brother of Rognwald ��brother�察�notes Dahlmann���察�



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though Rognwald had left other  sons。 Which done�察 �Haarfagr sailed   with 

all speed to the Orkneys�察�there to avenge that cutting of an eagle on the 

human   back   on Turf´Einar's   part。 Turf´Einar did   not   resist�察  �submissively 

met   the   angry   Haarfagr�察  �said   he   left   it   all�察  �what   had   been   done�察  �what 

provocation   there   had   been�察  �to   Haarfagr's   own   equity   and   greatness   of 

mind。   Magnanimous           Haarfagr   inflicted     a  fine   of  sixty   marks    in  gold�察�

which was paid in ready money by Turf´Einar�察�and so the matter ended。 



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                                    EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。 



                               CHAPTER II。 



                       ERIC BLOOD´AXE AND BROTHERS。 



     In such violent courses Haarfagr's sons�察�I know not how many of them�察�

had come to an untimely end�察�only Eric�察�the accomplished sea´rover�察�and 

three others remained to him。 Among these four sons�察�rather impatient for 

property and authority of their own�察�King Harald�察�in his old days�察�tried to 

part his kingdom in some eligible and equitable way�察�and retire from the 

constant press of business�察�now becoming burdensome to him。 To each of 

them he gave a kind of kingdom�察�Eric�察�his eldest son�察�to be head king�察�and 

the others to be feudatory under him�察�and pay a certain yearly contribution�察�

an arrangement which did not answer well at all。 Head´King Eric insisted 

on his tribute�察�quarrels arose as to the payment�察�considerable fighting and 

disturbance�察�bringing fierce destruction from King Eric upon many valiant 

but   too   stubborn   Norse   spirits�察  �and   among   the   rest   upon   all   his   three 

brothers�察�which got him from the Norse populations the surname of _Blod´ 

axe_�察   �Eric   Blood´axe�察─  �his   title   in   history。   One   of   his   brothers   he   had 

killed in battle before his old father's life ended�察�this brother was Bjorn�察�a 

peaceable�察    �improving�察     �trading   economic     Under´king�察     �whom     the  others 

mockingly called ;Bjorn the Chapman。; The great´grandson of this Bjorn 

became   extremely   distinguished   by   and   by   as   _Saint_   Olaf。   Head´King 

Eric   seems   to   have   had   a   violent   wife�察  �too。   She   was   thought   to   have 

poisoned      one   of  her  other   brothers´in´law。     Eric   Blood´axe     had   by   no 

means a gentle life of it in this world�察�trained to sea´robbery on the coasts 

of England�察�Scotland�察�Ireland and France�察�since his twelfth year。 

     Old King Fairhair�察�at the age of seventy�察�had another son�察�to whom was 

given   the   name   of   Hakon。   His   mother   was   a   slave   in   Fairhair's   house�察�

slave by ill´luck of war�察�though nobly enough born。 A strange adventure 

connects   this   Hakon   with   England   and   King   Athelstan�察  �who   was   then 

entering   upon   his   great   career   there。   Short   while   after   this   Hakon   came 

into the world�察�there entered Fairhair's palace�察�one evening as Fairhair sat 

Feasting�察�

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