theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4)-及14嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
write a treatise on forms of government�察�so I will pass over most of such
points in silence�察 �and will only touch on those which bear upon my
purpose。
��18��7�� God's kingdom is not infringed upon by the choice of an earthly
ruler endowed with sovereign rights�察�for after the Hebrews had transferred
their rights to God�察�they conferred the sovereign right of ruling on Moses�察�
investing him with the sole power of instituting and abrogating laws in the
name of God�察�of choosing priests�察�of judging�察�of teaching�察�of punishing ´
in fact�察�all the prerogatives of an absolute monarch。
��18��8�� Again�察�though the priests were the interpreters of the laws�察�they
had no power to judge the citizens�察 �or to excommunicate anyone�此 �this
could only be done by the judges and chiefs chosen from among the
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people。 ��9�� A consideration of the successes and the histories of the
Hebrews will bring to light other considerations worthy of note。 To wit�此�
��18��9�� I。 That there were no religious sects�察�till after the high priests�察�in
the second commonwealth�察�possessed the authority to make decrees�察�and
transact the business of government。 ��10�� In order that such authority
might last for ever�察�the high priests usurped the rights of secular rulers�察�and
at last wished to be styled kings。 ��11�� The reason for this is ready to hand�察�
in the first commonwealth no decrees could bear the name of the high
priest�察�for he had no right to ordain laws�察�but only to give the answers of
God to questions asked by the captains or the councils�此�he had�察�therefore�察�
no motive for making changes in the law�察�but took care�察�on the contrary�察�to
administer and guard what had already been received and accepted。 ��12��
His only means of preserving his freedom in safety against the will of the
captains lay in cherishing the law intact。 ��13�� After the high priests had
assumed the power of carrying on the government�察�and added the rights of
secular rulers to those they already possessed�察 �each one began both in
things religious and in things secular�察�to seek for the glorification of his
own name�察�settling everything by sacerdotal authority�察�and issuing every
day�察 �concerning ceremonies�察 �faith�察 �and all else�察 �new decrees which he
sought to make as sacred and authoritative as the laws of Moses。 ��14��
Religion thus sank into a degrading superstition�察�while the true meaning
and interpretation of the laws became corrupted。 ��15�� Furthermore�察�while
the high priests were paving their way to the secular rule just after the
restoration�察 �they attempted to gain popular favour by assenting to every
demand�察 �approving whatever the people did�察 �however impious�察 �and
accommodating Scripture to the very depraved current morals。 ��16��
Malachi bears witness to this in no measured terms�此�he chides the priests
of his time as despisers of the name of God�察 �and then goes on with his
invective as follows ��Mal ii��7�察 �8���此 �For the priest's lips should keep
knowledge�察 �and they should seek the law at his mouth�此 �for he is the
messenger of the Lord of hosts。 ��17�� But ye are departed out of the way�察�
ye have caused many to stumble at the law�察 �ye have corrupted the
covenant of Levi�察�saith the Lord of hosts。; ��18�� He further accuses them of
interpreting the laws according to their own pleasure�察 �and paying no
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respect to God but only to persons。 ��19�� It is certain that the high priests
were never so cautious in their conduct as to escape the remark of the
more shrewd among the people�察�for the latter were at length emboldened
to assert that no laws ought to be kept save those that were written�察�and
that the decrees which the Pharisees ��consisting�察�as Josephus says in his ;
Amtiquities�察─�chiefly�察�of the common people���察�were deceived into calling
the traditions of the fathers�察�should not be observed at all。 ��20�� However
this may be�察 �we can in nowise doubt that flattery of the high priest�察 �the
corruption of religion and the laws�察 �and the enormous increase of the
extent of the last´named�察 �gave very great and frequent occasion for
disputes and altercations impossible to allay。 ��21�� When men begin to
quarrel with all the ardour of superstition�察�and the magistracy to back up
one side or the other�察�they can never come to a compromise�察�but are bound
to split into sects。
��18��22�� II。 It is worthy of remark that the prophets�察 �who were in a
private station of life�察 �rather irritated than reformed mankind by their
freedom of warning�察 �rebuke�察 �and censure�察 �whereas the kings�察 �by their
reproofs and punishments�察 �could always produce an effect。 ��23�� The
prophets were often intolerable even to pious kings�察 �on account of the
authority they assumed for judging whether an action was right or wrong�察�
or for reproving the kings themselves if they dared to transact any business�察�
whether public or private�察�without prophetic sanction。 ��24�� King Asa who�察�
according to the testimony of Scripture�察�reigned piously�察�put the prophet
Hanani into a prison´house because he had ventured freely to chide and
reprove him for entering into a covenant with the king of Armenia。
��18��25�� Other examples might be cited�察�tending to prove that religion
gained more harm than good by such freedom�察�not to speak of the further
consequence�察�that if the prophets had retained their rights�察�great civil wars
would have resulted。
��26�� III。 It is remarkable that during all the period�察�during which the
people held the reins of power�察�there was only one civil war�察�and that one
was completely extinguished�察 �the conquerors taking such pity on the
conquered�察�that they endeavoured in every way to reinstate them in their
former dignity and power。 ��27�� But after that the people�察�little accustomed
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to kings�察�changed its first form of government into a monarchy�察�civil war
raged almost continuously�察 �and battles were so fierce as to exceed all
others recorded�察�in one engagement ��taxing our faith to the utmost�� five
hundred thousand Israelites were slaughtered by the men of Judah�察�and in
another the Israelites slew great numbers of the men of Judah ��the figures
are not given in Scripture���察 �almost razed to the ground the walls of
Jerusalem�察�and sacked the Temple in their unbridled fury。 ��28�� At length�察�
laden with the spoils of their brethren�察 �satiated with blood�察 �they took
hostages�察�and leaving the king in his well´nigh devastated kingdom�察�laid
down their arms�察 �relying on the weakness rather than the good faith of
their foes。 ��29�� A few years after�察�the men of Judah�察�with recruited strength�察�
again took the field�察�but were a second time beaten by the Israelites�察�and
slain to the number of a hundred and twenty thousand�察 �two hundred
thousand of t