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theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4)-及14嫗


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




write a treatise on forms of government�察�so I will pass over most of such 

points    in  silence�察  �and   will  only   touch   on   those   which    bear  upon    my 

purpose。 

     ��18��7�� God's kingdom is not infringed upon by the choice of an earthly 

ruler endowed with sovereign rights�察�for after the Hebrews had transferred 

their rights to God�察�they conferred the sovereign right of ruling on Moses�察�

investing him with the sole power of instituting and abrogating laws in the 

name of God�察�of choosing priests�察�of judging�察�of teaching�察�of punishing ´ 

in fact�察�all the prerogatives of an absolute monarch。 

     ��18��8�� Again�察�though the priests were the interpreters of the laws�察�they 

had   no   power   to   judge   the   citizens�察  �or   to   excommunicate   anyone�此  �this 

could   only   be   done   by   the   judges   and   chiefs   chosen   from   among   the 



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people。     ��9��   A   consideration      of  the   successes     and    the   histories   of   the 

Hebrews will bring to light other considerations worthy of note。 To wit�此�

     ��18��9�� I。 That there were no religious sects�察�till after the high priests�察�in 

the second commonwealth�察�possessed the authority to make decrees�察�and 

transact   the   business   of   government。   ��10��   In   order   that   such   authority 

might last for ever�察�the high priests usurped the rights of secular rulers�察�and 

at last wished to be styled kings。 ��11�� The reason for this is ready to hand�察�

in   the   first   commonwealth   no   decrees   could   bear   the   name   of   the   high 

priest�察�for he had no right to ordain laws�察�but only to give the answers of 

God to questions asked by the captains or the councils�此�he had�察�therefore�察�

no motive for making changes in the law�察�but took care�察�on the contrary�察�to 

administer and guard what had already been received and accepted。 ��12�� 

His only means of preserving his freedom in safety against the will of the 

captains   lay  in   cherishing   the  law   intact。   ��13�� After   the   high   priests   had 

assumed the power of carrying on the government�察�and added the rights of 

secular   rulers   to   those   they   already   possessed�察  �each   one   began   both   in 

things religious and in things secular�察�to seek for the glorification of  his 

own name�察�settling everything by sacerdotal authority�察�and issuing every 

day�察  �concerning   ceremonies�察  �faith�察  �and   all   else�察  �new   decrees   which   he 

sought   to   make   as   sacred   and   authoritative   as   the   laws   of   Moses。   ��14�� 

Religion thus sank into a degrading superstition�察�while the true meaning 

and interpretation of the laws became corrupted。 ��15�� Furthermore�察�while 

the   high   priests   were   paving   their   way   to   the   secular   rule   just   after   the 

restoration�察  �they   attempted   to   gain   popular   favour   by  assenting   to   every 

demand�察      �approving       whatever      the   people     did�察  �however      impious�察    �and 

accommodating           Scripture     to   the   very   depraved      current     morals。    ��16�� 

Malachi bears witness to this in no measured terms�此�he chides the priests 

of   his   time   as   despisers   of   the   name   of   God�察  �and   then   goes on   with   his 

invective      as  follows     ��Mal    ii��7�察 �8���此  �For    the   priest's   lips  should     keep 

knowledge�察  �and   they   should   seek   the   law   at   his   mouth�此  �for   he   is   the 

messenger of the Lord of hosts。 ��17�� But ye are departed out of the way�察�

ye    have    caused     many     to  stumble     at   the  law�察   �ye  have    corrupted      the 

covenant of Levi�察�saith the Lord of hosts。; ��18�� He further accuses them of 

interpreting      the   laws   according      to  their   own    pleasure�察    �and   paying     no 



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respect to God but only to persons。 ��19�� It is certain that the high priests 

were   never   so   cautious   in   their   conduct   as   to   escape   the   remark   of   the 

more shrewd among the people�察�for the latter were at length emboldened 

to assert that no laws ought to be kept save those that were written�察�and 

that the decrees which the Pharisees ��consisting�察�as Josephus says in his ; 

Amtiquities�察─�chiefly�察�of the common people���察�were deceived into calling 

the traditions of the fathers�察�should not be observed at all。 ��20�� However 

this may  be�察 �we  can in  nowise   doubt   that   flattery of   the  high priest�察 �the 

corruption   of   religion   and   the   laws�察  �and   the   enormous   increase   of   the 

extent     of  the   last´named�察    �gave    very    great   and   frequent     occasion    for 

disputes   and   altercations   impossible   to   allay。   ��21��   When   men   begin   to 

quarrel with all the ardour of superstition�察�and the magistracy to back up 

one side or the other�察�they can never come to a compromise�察�but are bound 

to split into sects。 

     ��18��22��   II。   It   is   worthy   of   remark   that   the   prophets�察  �who   were   in   a 

private   station   of   life�察  �rather   irritated   than   reformed   mankind   by   their 

freedom   of   warning�察  �rebuke�察  �and   censure�察  �whereas   the   kings�察  �by   their 

reproofs     and    punishments�察     �could    always     produce     an  effect。   ��23��   The 

prophets   were   often   intolerable   even   to   pious   kings�察  �on   account   of   the 

authority they assumed for judging whether an action was right or wrong�察�

or for reproving the kings themselves if they dared to transact any business�察�

whether public or private�察�without prophetic sanction。 ��24�� King Asa who�察�

according to the testimony of Scripture�察�reigned piously�察�put the prophet 

Hanani   into   a prison´house  because he   had   ventured   freely  to   chide  and 

reprove him for entering into a covenant with the king of Armenia。 

     ��18��25�� Other examples might be cited�察�tending to prove that religion 

gained more harm than good by such freedom�察�not to speak of the further 

consequence�察�that if the prophets had retained their rights�察�great civil wars 

would have resulted。 

     ��26�� III。 It is remarkable that during all the period�察�during which the 

people held the reins of power�察�there was only one civil war�察�and that one 

was     completely     extinguished�察     �the   conquerors     taking    such    pity  on   the 

conquered�察�that they endeavoured in every way to reinstate them in their 

former dignity and power。 ��27�� But after that the people�察�little accustomed 



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to kings�察�changed its first form of government into a monarchy�察�civil war 

raged   almost   continuously�察  �and   battles   were   so   fierce   as   to   exceed   all 

others recorded�察�in one engagement   ��taxing our   faith to   the utmost��   five 

hundred thousand Israelites were slaughtered by the men of Judah�察�and in 

another the Israelites slew great numbers of the men of Judah ��the figures 

are    not   given   in  Scripture���察    �almost    razed    to  the  ground     the   walls   of 

Jerusalem�察�and sacked the Temple in their unbridled fury。 ��28�� At length�察�

laden   with   the   spoils   of   their   brethren�察  �satiated   with   blood�察  �they   took 

hostages�察�and leaving the king in his well´nigh devastated kingdom�察�laid 

down   their   arms�察  �relying   on   the   weakness   rather   than   the   good   faith   of 

their foes。 ��29�� A few years after�察�the men of Judah�察�with recruited strength�察�

again took the field�察�but were a second time beaten by the Israelites�察�and 

slain    to  the   number     of  a  hundred     and    twenty   thousand�察     �two   hundred 

thousand of t

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