letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及11嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
But the bust of Virgil was�察�I think�察�of white marble�察�not a cast ��so�察�at least�察�
I remember it���察�and was of a singular youthful purity and beauty�察�sharing
my affections with a copy of the exquisite Psyche of Naples。 It showed
us that Virgil who was called ;The Maiden; as Milton was named ;The
Lady of Christ's。; I don't know the archeology of it�察 �perhaps it was a
mere work of modern fancy�察 �but the charm of this image�察 �beheld daily�察�
overcame even the tedium of short scraps of the ;AEneid; daily parsed�察�
not without stripes and anguish。 So I retain a sentiment for Virgil�察�though
I well perceive the many drawbacks of his poetry。
It is not always poetry at first hand�察�it is often imitative�察�like all Latin
poetry�察 �of the Greek songs that sounded at the awakening of the world。
This is more tolerable when Theocritus is the model�察�as in the ;Eclogues�察─�
and less obvious in the ;Georgics�察─ �when the poet is carried away into
naturalness by the passion for his native land�察 �by the longing for peace
after cruel wars�察�by the joy of a country life。 Virgil had that love of rivers
which�察�I think�察�a poet is rarely without�察�and it did not need Greece to teach
him to sing of the fields�此�
Propter aquam�察�tardis ingens ubi flexibus Mincius et tenera praetexit
arundine ripas。
;By the water´side�察 �where mighty Mincius wanders�察 �with links and
loops�察�and fringes all the banks with the tender reed。; Not the Muses of
Greece�察�but his own Casmenae�察�song´maidens of Italy�察�have inspired him
here�察 �and his music is blown through a reed of the Mincius。 In many
such places he shows a temper with which we of England�察�in our late age�察�
may closely sympathize。
Do you remember that mediaeval story of the building of Parthenope�察�
how it was based�察�by the Magician Virgilius�察�on an egg�察�and how the city
shakes when the frail foundation chances to be stirred�拭 �This too vast
empire of ours is as frail in its foundation�察�and trembles at a word。 So it
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was with the Empire of Rome in Virgil's time�此�civic revolution muttering
within it�察 �like the subterranean thunder�察 �and the forces of destruction
gathering without。 In Virgil�察 �as in Horace�察 �you constantly note their
anxiety�察 �their apprehension for the tottering fabric of the Roman state。
This it was�察�I think�察�and not the contemplation of human fortunes alone�察�
that lent Virgil his melancholy。 From these fears he looks for a shelter in
the sylvan shades�察�he envies the ideal past of the golden world。
Aureus hanc vitam in terris Saturnus agebat� �
;Oh�察�for the fields� �Oh�察�for Spercheius and Taygetus�察�where wander
the Lacaenian maids� �Oh�察�that one would carry me to the cool valleys of
Haemus�察�and cover me with the wide shadow of the boughs� �Happy was
he who came to know the causes of things�察�who set his foot on fear and on
inexorable Fate�察�and far below him heard the roaring of the streams of Hell� �
And happy he who knows the rural deities�察�Pan�察�and Sylvanus the Old�察�and
the sisterhood of the nymphs� �Unmoved is he by the people's favour�察�by
the purple of kings�察 �unmoved by all the perfidies of civil war�察 �by the
Dacian marching down from his hostile Danube�察�by the peril of the Roman
state�察�and the Empire hurrying to its doom。 He wasteth not his heart in
pity of the poor�察 �he envieth not the rich�察 �he gathereth what fruits the
branches bear and what the kindly wilderness unasked brings forth�察 �he
knows not our laws�察�nor the madness of the courts�察�nor the records of the
common weal;does not read the newspapers�察�in fact。
The sorrows of the poor�察�the luxury of the rich�察�the peril of the Empire�察�
the shame and dread of each day's news�察�we too know them�察�like Virgil we
too deplore them。 We�察 �in our reveries�察 �long for some such careless
paradise�察�but we place it not in Sparta but in the Islands of the Southern
Seas。 It is in passages of this temper that Virgil wins us most�察�when he
speaks for himself and for his age�察�so distant�察�and so weary�察�and so modern�察�
when his own thought�察�unborrowed and unforced�察�is wedded to the music
of his own unsurpassable style。
But he does not always write for himself and out of his own thought�察�
that style of his being far more frequently misapplied�察�wasted on telling a
story that is only of feigned and foreign interest。 Doubtless it was the
;AEneid�察─�his artificial and unfinished epic�察�that won Virgil the favour of
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the Middle Aces。 To the Middle Ages�察�which knew not Greek�察�and knew
not Homer�察 �Virgil was the representative of the heroic and eternally
interesting past。 But to us who know Homer�察�Virgil's epic is indeed�察 �like
moonlight unto sunlight�察─�is a beautiful empty world�察 �where no real life
stirs�察 �a world that shines with a silver lustre not its own�察 �but borrowed
from ;the sun of Greece。;
Homer sang of what he knew�察�of spears and ships�察�of heroic chiefs and
beggar men�察�of hunts and sieges�察�of mountains where the lion roamed�察�and
of fairy isles where a goddess walked alone。 He lived on the marches of
the land of fable�察�when half the Mediterranean was a sea unsailed�察�when
even Italy was as dimly descried as the City of the Sun in Elizabeth's reign。
Of all that he knew he sang�察�but Virgil could only follow and imitate�察�with
a pale antiquarian interest�察�the things that were alive for Homer。 What
could Virgil care for a tussle between two stout men´at´arms�察�for the clash
of contending war´chariots�察�driven each on each�察�like wave against wave
in the sea�拭 �All that tide had passed over�察�all the story of the ;AEneid; is
mere borrowed antiquity�察�like the Middle Ages of Sir Walter Scott�察�but the
borrower had none of Scott's joy in the noise and motion of war�察�none of
the Homeric ;delight in battle。;
Virgil�察�in writing the ;AEneid�察─�executed an imperial commission�察�and
an ungrateful commission�察�it is the sublime of hack´work�察�and the legend
may be true which declares that�察 �on his death´bed�察 �he wished his poem
burned。 He could only be himself here and there�察 �as in that earliest
picture of romantic love�察 �as some have called the story of ;Dido�察─ �not
remembering�察�perhaps�察�that even here Virgil had before his mind a Greek
model�察 �that he was thinking of Apollonius Rhodius�察 �and of Jason and
Medea。 He could be himself�察 �too�察 �in passages of reflection and
description�察 �as in the beautiful sixth book�察 �with its picture of the under
world�察�and its hints of mystical philosophy。
Could we choose our own heavens�察�there in that Elysian world might
Virgil be well content to dwell�察�in the shadow of that fragrant laurel grove�察�
with them who were ;priests pure of life�察�while life was theirs�察�and holy
singers�察�whose songs were worthy of Apollo。; There he might muse on his
own religion and on the Divinity that dwells in�察�that breathes in�察�that is�察�all
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