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in   attending   funerals   may   be   safely  valued   at   half   a   million   to   the   Irish 

nation�察  �the  Editor thinks   that   double  that   sum  would not   be  too high   an 

estimate。      The habits of profligacy and drunkenness which are acquired at 

WAKES are here put out of the question。                   When a labourer�察�a carpenter�察�

or a smith�察�is not at his work�察�which frequently happens�察�ask where he is 

gone�察  �and   ten   to   one   the   answer   is'Oh�察  �faith�察  �please   your   honour�察  �he 

couldn't do a stroke to´day�察�for he's gone to THE funeral。' 

     Even   beggars�察  �when   they   grow   old�察  �go   about   begging   FOR   THEIR 

OWN   FUNERALS   that   is�察  �begging   for   money   to   buy  a   coffin�察  �candles�察�

pipes�察�and   tobacco。        For   the use   of the   candles�察�pipes�察  �and tobacco�察  �see 

WAKE。 

     Those who value customs in proportion to their antiquity�察�and nations 

in proportion to their adherence to ancient customs�察�will doubtless admire 

the   Irish   ULLALOO�察  �and   the   Irish   nation�察  �for   persevering   in   this   usage 

from time immemorial。 The Editor�察�however�察�has observed some alarming 

symptoms�察�which seem to prognosticate the declining taste for the Ullaloo 

in   Ireland。     In   a  comic     theatrical   entertainment�察      �represented     not   long 



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since on the Dublin stage�察�a chorus of old women was introduced�察�who set 

up the Irish howl round the relics of a physician�察�who is supposed to have 

fallen under the   wooden sword   of   Harlequin。 After the   old   women   have 

continued       their   Ullaloo     for   a  decent     time�察  �with    all  the    necessary 

accompaniments   of   wringing   their   hands�察  �wiping   or   rubbing   their   eyes 

with   the    corners    of   their  gowns    or   aprons�察  �etc。�察 �one   of  the   mourners 

suddenly   suspends   her   lamentable   cries�察  �and�察  �turning   to   her   neighbour�察�

asks�察�'Arrah now�察�honey�察�who is it we're crying for��' 

     GLOSSARY   4。   THE   TENANTS   WERE   SENT   AWAY   WITHOUT 

THEIR   WHISKY。It   is   usual   with   some   landlords   to   give   their   inferior 

tenants     a  glass   of  whisky   when      they   pay   their   rents。   Thady      calls  it 

THEIR whisky�察�not that the whisky is actually the property of the tenants�察�

but that it becomes their RIGHT after it has been often given to them。                      In 

this general mode of reasoning respecting RIGHTS the lower Irish are not 

singular�察  �but   they   are   peculiarly   quick   and   tenacious   in   claiming   these 

rights。    'Last   year   your   honour   gave   me   some   straw   for   the   roof   of   my 

house and I EXPECT your honour will be after doing the same this year。' 

In this manner gifts are frequently turned into tributes。               The high and low 

are   not   always   dissimilar   in   their   habits。    It   is   said�察  �that   the   Sublime 

Ottoman Forte is very apt to claim gifts as tributes�此                �thus it is dangerous 

to send the Grand Seignor a fine horse on his birthday one year�察�lest on his 

next   birthday  he   should   expect   a   similar   present�察  �and   should   proceed   to 

demonstrate the reasonableness of his expectations。 

     GLOSSARY   5。   HE   DEMEANED   HIMSELF   GREATLYmeans�察  �he 

lowered or disgraced himself much。 

     GLOSSARY   6。          DUTY   FOWLS�察         �DUTY   TURKEYS�察            �AND     DUTY 

GEESE。In        many     leases   in   Ireland�察  �tenants    were    formerly     bound    to 

supply   an   inordinate   quantity   of   poultry   to   their   landlords。     The   Editor 

knew of thirty turkeys being reserved in one lease of a small farm。 

     GLOSSARY   7。   ENGLISH   TENANTS。An   English   tenant   does   not 

mean a tenant who is an Englishman�察�but a tenant who pays his rent the 

day   that   it   is   due。 It   is   a   common   prejudice   in   Ireland�察  �amongst   the 

poorer classes of people�察 �to believe that all   tenants in England pay  their 

rents on the very day when they become due。                 An Irishman�察�when he goes 



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to take a farm�察�if he wants to prove to his landlord that he is a substantial 

man�察�offers to become an ENGLISH TENANT。 If a tenant disobliges his 

landlord by voting against him�察�or against his opinion�察�at an election�察�the 

tenant   is   immediately   informed   by   the   agent   that   he   must   become   an 

ENGLISH TENANT。 This threat does not imply that he is to change his 

language or his country�察�but that he must pay all the arrear of rent which 

he owes�察�and that he must thenceforward pay his rent on that day when it 

becomes due。 

     GLOSSARY           8。   CANTINGdoes           not    mean     talking    or   writing 

hypocritical nonsense�察�but selling substantially by auction。 

     GLOSSARY 9。 DUTY WORK。It was formerly common in Ireland to 

insert   clauses   in   leases�察  �binding   tenants   to   furnish   their   landlords   with 

labourers   and   horses   for   several   days   in   the   year。  Much   petty   tyranny 

and oppression   have   resulted from  this   feudal custom。 Whenever   a poor 

man disobliged his landlord�察�the agent sent to him for his duty work�察�and 

Thady   does   not   exaggerate   when   he   says�察  �that   the   tenants   were   often 

called from their own work to do that of their landlord。                   Thus the very 

means   of   earning   their   rent   were   taken   from   them�此     �whilst   they   were 

getting home their landlord's harvest�察�their own was often ruined�察�and yet 

their rents were expected to be paid as punctually as if their time had been 

at their own disposal。        This appears the height of absurd injustice。 

     In Esthonia�察�amongst the poor Sclavonian race of peasant slaves�察�they 

pay tributes to their lords�察�not under the name of duty work�察�duty geese�察�

duty   turkeys�察  �etc。�察  �but   under   the   name   of   RIGHTEOUSNESSES。               The 

following ballad is a curious specimen of Esthonian poetry�此�

       This is   the   cause   that   the   country  is   ruined�察�And   the straw   of   the 

thatch     is  eaten   away�察    �The     gentry    are   come    to   live  in   the  land 

Chimneys between the village�察            �And the proprietor upon the white floor� �

The sheep brings forth a lamb with a white forehead�察                 �This is paid to the 

lord for a RIGHTEOUSNESS SHEEP。                     The sow farrows pigs�察         �They go 

to   the   spit   of   the   lord。 The   hen   lays   eggs�察  �They   go   into   the   lord's 

frying´pan。      The cow drops a male calf�察          �That goes into the lord's herd as 

a   bull。   The   mare   foals   a   horse   foal�察 �That   must   be   for   my  lord's   nag。 

The boor's wife has sons�察        �They must go to look after my lord's poultry。 



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     GLOSSARY 10。  OUT  OF  FORTY´NINE SUITS WHICH  HE  HAD�察�

HE   NEVER   LOST   ONE   BUT   SEVENTEEN。Thady's   language   in   this 

instance   is   a   specimen   of   a   mode   of   rhetoric   common   in   Ireland。     An 

astonishing assertion is made in the beginning of a sentence�察�which ceases 

to be in the least surprising�察�when you hear the qualifying explanation that 

follows。  Thus   a   man   who   is   in   the   last   stage   of   staggering   drunkenness 

will�察  �if   he   can   articulate�察  �swear   to   you'Upon   his   conscience   now�察  �and 

may   he   never   stir   from   the   spot   alive   if   he   is   telling   a   lie�察  �upon   his 

conscience      he   has   not   tasted  a  drop 

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