castle rackrent(性針戴蒙韻)-及34嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
in attending funerals may be safely valued at half a million to the Irish
nation�察 �the Editor thinks that double that sum would not be too high an
estimate。 The habits of profligacy and drunkenness which are acquired at
WAKES are here put out of the question。 When a labourer�察�a carpenter�察�
or a smith�察�is not at his work�察�which frequently happens�察�ask where he is
gone�察 �and ten to one the answer is'Oh�察 �faith�察 �please your honour�察 �he
couldn't do a stroke to´day�察�for he's gone to THE funeral。'
Even beggars�察 �when they grow old�察 �go about begging FOR THEIR
OWN FUNERALS that is�察 �begging for money to buy a coffin�察 �candles�察�
pipes�察�and tobacco。 For the use of the candles�察�pipes�察 �and tobacco�察 �see
WAKE。
Those who value customs in proportion to their antiquity�察�and nations
in proportion to their adherence to ancient customs�察�will doubtless admire
the Irish ULLALOO�察 �and the Irish nation�察 �for persevering in this usage
from time immemorial。 The Editor�察�however�察�has observed some alarming
symptoms�察�which seem to prognosticate the declining taste for the Ullaloo
in Ireland。 In a comic theatrical entertainment�察 �represented not long
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since on the Dublin stage�察�a chorus of old women was introduced�察�who set
up the Irish howl round the relics of a physician�察�who is supposed to have
fallen under the wooden sword of Harlequin。 After the old women have
continued their Ullaloo for a decent time�察 �with all the necessary
accompaniments of wringing their hands�察 �wiping or rubbing their eyes
with the corners of their gowns or aprons�察 �etc。�察 �one of the mourners
suddenly suspends her lamentable cries�察 �and�察 �turning to her neighbour�察�
asks�察�'Arrah now�察�honey�察�who is it we're crying for��'
GLOSSARY 4。 THE TENANTS WERE SENT AWAY WITHOUT
THEIR WHISKY。It is usual with some landlords to give their inferior
tenants a glass of whisky when they pay their rents。 Thady calls it
THEIR whisky�察�not that the whisky is actually the property of the tenants�察�
but that it becomes their RIGHT after it has been often given to them。 In
this general mode of reasoning respecting RIGHTS the lower Irish are not
singular�察 �but they are peculiarly quick and tenacious in claiming these
rights。 'Last year your honour gave me some straw for the roof of my
house and I EXPECT your honour will be after doing the same this year。'
In this manner gifts are frequently turned into tributes。 The high and low
are not always dissimilar in their habits。 It is said�察 �that the Sublime
Ottoman Forte is very apt to claim gifts as tributes�此 �thus it is dangerous
to send the Grand Seignor a fine horse on his birthday one year�察�lest on his
next birthday he should expect a similar present�察 �and should proceed to
demonstrate the reasonableness of his expectations。
GLOSSARY 5。 HE DEMEANED HIMSELF GREATLYmeans�察 �he
lowered or disgraced himself much。
GLOSSARY 6。 DUTY FOWLS�察 �DUTY TURKEYS�察 �AND DUTY
GEESE。In many leases in Ireland�察 �tenants were formerly bound to
supply an inordinate quantity of poultry to their landlords。 The Editor
knew of thirty turkeys being reserved in one lease of a small farm。
GLOSSARY 7。 ENGLISH TENANTS。An English tenant does not
mean a tenant who is an Englishman�察�but a tenant who pays his rent the
day that it is due。 It is a common prejudice in Ireland�察 �amongst the
poorer classes of people�察 �to believe that all tenants in England pay their
rents on the very day when they become due。 An Irishman�察�when he goes
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to take a farm�察�if he wants to prove to his landlord that he is a substantial
man�察�offers to become an ENGLISH TENANT。 If a tenant disobliges his
landlord by voting against him�察�or against his opinion�察�at an election�察�the
tenant is immediately informed by the agent that he must become an
ENGLISH TENANT。 This threat does not imply that he is to change his
language or his country�察�but that he must pay all the arrear of rent which
he owes�察�and that he must thenceforward pay his rent on that day when it
becomes due。
GLOSSARY 8。 CANTINGdoes not mean talking or writing
hypocritical nonsense�察�but selling substantially by auction。
GLOSSARY 9。 DUTY WORK。It was formerly common in Ireland to
insert clauses in leases�察 �binding tenants to furnish their landlords with
labourers and horses for several days in the year。 Much petty tyranny
and oppression have resulted from this feudal custom。 Whenever a poor
man disobliged his landlord�察�the agent sent to him for his duty work�察�and
Thady does not exaggerate when he says�察 �that the tenants were often
called from their own work to do that of their landlord。 Thus the very
means of earning their rent were taken from them�此 �whilst they were
getting home their landlord's harvest�察�their own was often ruined�察�and yet
their rents were expected to be paid as punctually as if their time had been
at their own disposal。 This appears the height of absurd injustice。
In Esthonia�察�amongst the poor Sclavonian race of peasant slaves�察�they
pay tributes to their lords�察�not under the name of duty work�察�duty geese�察�
duty turkeys�察 �etc。�察 �but under the name of RIGHTEOUSNESSES。 The
following ballad is a curious specimen of Esthonian poetry�此�
This is the cause that the country is ruined�察�And the straw of the
thatch is eaten away�察 �The gentry are come to live in the land
Chimneys between the village�察 �And the proprietor upon the white floor� �
The sheep brings forth a lamb with a white forehead�察 �This is paid to the
lord for a RIGHTEOUSNESS SHEEP。 The sow farrows pigs�察 �They go
to the spit of the lord。 The hen lays eggs�察 �They go into the lord's
frying´pan。 The cow drops a male calf�察 �That goes into the lord's herd as
a bull。 The mare foals a horse foal�察 �That must be for my lord's nag。
The boor's wife has sons�察 �They must go to look after my lord's poultry。
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GLOSSARY 10。 OUT OF FORTY´NINE SUITS WHICH HE HAD�察�
HE NEVER LOST ONE BUT SEVENTEEN。Thady's language in this
instance is a specimen of a mode of rhetoric common in Ireland。 An
astonishing assertion is made in the beginning of a sentence�察�which ceases
to be in the least surprising�察�when you hear the qualifying explanation that
follows。 Thus a man who is in the last stage of staggering drunkenness
will�察 �if he can articulate�察 �swear to you'Upon his conscience now�察 �and
may he never stir from the spot alive if he is telling a lie�察 �upon his
conscience he has not tasted a drop