the origins of contemporary france-4-第123章
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determination to purge; to bleed freely this Vendean question。〃 This
same Francastel wrote to General Grignon: 〃Make those brigands
tremble! Give them no quarter! The prisons in Vendée are overflowing
with prisoners! 。 。 。 The conversion of this country into a desert
must be completed。 Show no weakness and no mercy。 。 。 These are
the views of the Convention。 。 。 。 I swear that Vendée shall be
depopulated。〃
'39' Granier de Cassagnac; 〃His。 du Directoire;〃 II。; 241。 … (Letter
of General Hoche to the Minister of the Interior; Feb。 2; 1796。)
〃Only one out of five remains of the population of 1789。〃
'40' Campardon; II。; 247; 249; 251; 261; 321。 (Examination of
Fouquier…Tinville; Cambon's words。)
'41' Article by Guffroy; in his journal Le Rougiff: 〃Down with the
nobles; and so much the worse for the good ones; if there are any! Let
the guillotine stand permanently throughout the Republic。 Five
millions of inhabitants are enough for France!〃 … Berryat Saint…Prix;
445。 (Letter of Fauvety; Orange; Prairial 14; year II。) 〃We have but
two confined in our arrondissement。 What a trifle!〃 … Ibid。; 447。
(Letter of the Orange Committee to the Committee of Public Safety;
Messidor 3。) As soon as the Committee gets fully agoing it is to try
all the priests; rich merchants and ex…nobles。〃 … (Letter of Juge;
Messidor 2。) 〃Judging by appearances more than three thousand heads
will fall in the department。〃 … Ibid。; 311。 At Bordeaux; a huge
scaffold is put up; authorized by the Military Committee; with seven
doors; two of which are large and like barn…doors; called a four…
bladed guillotine; so as to work faster and do more。 The warrant and
orders for its construction bear date Thermidor 3 and 8; year II。 …
Berryat Saint…Prix; 285。 Letter of Representative Blutel; on mission
at Rochefort; after Thermidor: 〃A few men; sunk in debauchery and
crime; dared proscribe (here) virtues; patriotism; because it was not
associated with their sanguinary excitement: the tree of Liberty; they
said; required for its roots ten feet of human gore。〃
'42' 〃Recueil de Pièces Authentiques; concernant le Revolution à
Strasbourg;〃 I。; 174; 178。 Examples of revolutionary taxes。 … Orders
of Representatives Milhaud; Ruamps; Guyadin; approving of the
following contributions; Brumaire 20; year II。
On 3 individuals of Stutzheim。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。150;000 livres。
〃 3 〃 Offenheim。。。。。 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。30;000 〃
〃21 〃 Molsheim 。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。367;000 〃
〃 17 〃 Oberenheim。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。402;000 〃
〃 84 〃 Rosheim。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。503;000 〃
〃 10 〃 Mutzig。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。114;000 〃
Another order by Daum and Tisseraud; members of the committee who
temporarily replace the district administrators: 〃Whereas; it is owing
to the county aristocrats that the Republic supports the war;〃 they
approve of the following taxes:
On the aristocrats of Geispolzheim; 400;000 livres。
ditto of Obersch?ffolsheim 200;000 〃
ditto of Düttlenheim 150;000 〃
ditto of Duppigheim 100;000 〃
ditto of Achenheim 100;000 〃
List of contributions raised in the rural communes of the district of
Strasbourg; according to an assessment made by Stamm; procureur pro
tem。 of the district; amounting to three millions one hundred and
ninety…six thousand one hundred livres。
'43' 〃Recueil des Pieces Authentiques;〃 etc。; I。; 23。 By order of the
representatives under date of Brumaire 25; year II。 〃The municipality
of Strasbourg stripped the whole commune of shoes in twenty…four
hours; sending for them from house to house。〃 … Ibid。。 p。32。 Orders
of Representatives Lemaire and Baudot; Frimaire I; year II。; declaring
that kitchen…utensils; boilers; sauce…pans; stew…pans; kettles and
other copper and lead vessels; as well as copper and lead not worked…
up; found at Strasbourg and in the departments; be levied on。〃 …
Archives Nationales; AF。; I。; 92。 (Orders of Taillefer; Brumaire 3;
year II。 Villefranche 1'Avergnon。) Formation of a Committee of ten
persons directed to make domiciliary visits; and authorized to take
possession of all the iron; lead; steel and copper found in the houses
of 〃suspects;〃 all of which kitchen utensils; are to be turned into
cannon。 … Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 15。
'44' Moniteur; XXV。; 188。 (Speech by Blutels; July 9; 1795。)
'45' 〃Recueil du Pièces Authentiques;〃 etc。; I。; 24。 … Grégoire;
reports on Vandalism; Fructidor 14; year II。; and Brumaire 14; year
III。 (Moniteur; XXII。; 86 and 751。) … Ibid。; Letter of December 24;
1796: 〃Not millions; but billions have been destroyed。〃 … Ibid。;;
〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 334: 〃It is incalculable; the loss of religious;
scientific and literary objects。 The district administrations of
Blanc (Indre) notified me that to ensure the preservation of a
library; they had the books put in casks。〃 … Four hundred thousand
francs were expended in smashing statues of the Fathers of the church;
forming a circle around the dome of the Invalides。 … A great many
objects became worthless through a cessation of their use: for
example; the cathedral of Meaux was put up at auction and found no
purchaser at six hundred francs。 The materials were valued at forty…
five thousand francs; but labor (for taking it down) was too high。
(Narrative by an inhabitant of Meaux。)
'46' Les Origines du Système Financier Actuel;〃 by Eugene Sturm; p。53;
79。
'47' Meissner; 〃Voyage à Paris;〃 (end of 1795); p。 65。 〃The class of
those who may have really gained by the Revolution。。。。 is composed of
brokers; army contractors; and their subordinates; a few government
agents and fermiers; enriching themselves by their new acquisitions;
and who are cool and shrewd enough to hide their grain; bury their
gold and steadily refuse assignats。〃 … Ibid。; 68; 70。 〃 On the road;
he asks to whom a fine chateau belongs; and they tell him with a
significant look; 'to a former scruffy wretch。' … 'Oh; monsieur;' said
the landlady at Vesoul; 'for every one that the Revolution has made
rich; you may be sure that it has made a thousand poor。'〃
'48' The following descriptions and appreciations are the fruit of
extensive investigation; scarcely one tenth of the facts and texts
that have been of service being cited。 I must refer the reader;
accordingly; to the series of printed and written documents of which I
have made mention in this and the three preceding volumes。
'49' 〃The Ancient Regime;〃 book II。; ch 2; § IV。
'50' Ibid。; book IV。; chs。 I。; II。; III。
'51' Lacretelle; 〃Histoire de France au 18eme Siecle;〃 V。; 2。 … …〃
The Ancient Regime;〃 pp。 163; 300。
'52' Morellet; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 166。 (Letter by R?derer to Beccaria's
daughter; May 20; 1797)。
'53' Beccaria (Cesare Bonesana; marquis de) (Milan 1738 … id。 1794)。
Italian jurist; whose 〃Traité des délits et des peines (1764)
contributed to the reforms and the softening of of European penal law。
(SR)
'54' Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。; 493。 〃While the Duke of Orleans
was undergoing his examination he read a newspaper。〃 … Ibid。; 497。
〃Nobody died with more firmness; spirit and dignity than the Duke of
Orleans。 He again became a royal prince。 On being asked in the
revolutionary tribunal whether he had any defense to make; he replied;
'Rather die to…day than to…morrow: deliberate about it。'〃 His request
was granted。 … The Duc de Biron refused to escape; considering that;
in such a dilemma; it was not worth while。 〃He passed his time in
bed; drinking Bordeaux wine。 。 。 。 Before the tribunal; they asked
his name and he replied; 'Cabbage; turnip; Biron; as you like; one is
as good as the other。' 'How!' exclaimed the judges; 'you are
insolent!' 'And you … you are windbags! I Come to the