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how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及13嫗

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learned to admire and wish to emulate Hirschvogel's maker。 We need no 

detail beyond what is necessary to make this clear。 

     The beginning and the end of a story decided upon�察�its body becomes 

the bridge from one to the other�察�in this case it is August's strange journey�察�

beginning with the catastrophe and his grief´dazed decision to follow the 

stove。 The journey is long�察�and each stage of it is told in full。 As this is 

impossible   in   oral   reproduction�察  �it   becomes   necessary   to   choose   typical 

incidents�察    �which    will   give   the   same    general    effect  as   the  whole。    The 

incidents which answer this purpose are�此�the beginning of the journey�察�the 

experience on the luggage train�察�the jolting while being carried on men's 

shoulders�察�the final fright and suspense before the king opens the door。 



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     The episode of the  night in the bric´a´brac shop introduces a  wholly 

new and confusing train of thought�察�therefore�察�charming as it is�察�it must be 

omitted。 And the secondary thread of narrative interest�察�that of the prices 

for which the stove was sold�察�and the retribution visited on the cheating 

dealers�察    �is  also   ;another     story�察─  �and   must    be   ignored。     Each    of  these 

destroys the clear sequence and the simplicity of plot which must be kept 

for telling。 

     We     are   reduced�察   �then�察  �for   the   whole�察   �to  this�此  �a  brief   preliminary 

statement of the place Hirschvogel held in the household affections�察�and 

the   ambition      aroused    in   August�察   �the   catastrophe     of   the  sale�察  �August's 

decision�察�his experiences on the train�察�on the shoulders of men�察�and just 

before the discovery�察�his discovery�察�and the denouement。 

     This   not   only  reduces   the   story  to   tellable   form�察  �but   it   also   leaves   a 

suggestive       interest   which    heightens     later   enjoyment      of   the  original。    I 

suggest the adaptation of Kate Douglas Wiggin�察�in The Story Hour�察�since 

in    view     of    the   existence      of    a   satisfactory     adaptation       it  seems 

unappreciative to offer   a second。 The   one I   made for my  own use   some 

years ago is not dissimilar to this�察�and I have no reason to suppose it more 

desirable。 

     Ruskin's King of the Golden River is somewhat difficult to adapt。 Not 

only   is   it   long�察  �but   its   style   is   mature�察  �highly   descriptive�察  �and   closely 

allegorical。 Yet the tale is too beautiful and too suggestive to be lost to the 

story´teller。 And   it   is�察  �also�察  �so   recognised   a   part   of   the   standard   literary 

equipment of youth that teachers need to be able to introduce children to 

its   charm。   To    make   it   available   for   telling�察  �we   must   choose   the   most 

essential events of the series leading up to the climax�察�and present these so 

simply as to appeal to children's ears�察�and so briefly as not to tire them。 

     The   printed   story   is   eight   thousand   words   in   length。   The   first   three 

thousand words depict the beauty and fertility of the Treasure Valley�察�and 

the    cruel    habits    of   Hans     and    Schwartz�察     �its  owners�察    �and    give    the 

culminating   incident   which   leads   to   their   banishment   by   ;West   Wind。; 

This     episode��the     West     Wind's    appearance       in  the   shape    of   an   aged 

traveller�察�his kind reception by the younger brother�察�little Gluck�察�and the 

subsequent wrath of Hans and Schwartz�察�with their resulting punishment�察�



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                HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



occupies about two thousand words。 The rest of the story deals with the 

three   brothers   after   the   decree   of West Wind   has   turned Treasure Valley 

into   a   desert。   In   the   little   house   where   they   are   plying   their   trade  of 

goldsmiths�察�the King of the Golden River appears to Gluck and tells him 

the magic secret of turning the river's waters to gold。 Hans and Schwartz 

in turn attempt the miracle�察�and in turn incur the penalty attached to failure。 

Gluck tries�察�and wins the treasure through self´sacrifice。 The form of the 

treasure is a renewal of the fertility of Treasure Valley�察�and the moral of 

the   whole   story   is   summed   up   in   Ruskin's   words�察   �So   the   inheritance 

which was lost by cruelty was regained by love。; 

     It is easy to see that the dramatic part of the story and that which most 

pointedly   illustrates   the   underlying   idea�察  �is   the   triple   attempt   to   win   the 

treasure��the   two   failures   and   the   one   success。   But   this   is   necessarily 

introduced by the episode of the King of the Golden River�察�which is�察�also�察�

an incident sure to appeal to a child's imagination。 And the regaining   of 

the inheritance is meaningless without the fact of its previous loss�察�and the 

reason for the loss�察�as a contrast with the reason for its recovery。 We need�察�

then�察  �the   main   facts   recorded   in   the   first   three   thousand   words。   But   the 

West Wind episode must be avoided�察�not only for brevity�察�but because two 

supernatural appearances�察�so similar�察�yet of different personalities�察�would 

hopelessly confuse a told story。 

     Our oral story is now to be made out of a condensed statement of the 

character of the Valley and of its owners�察�and the manner of its loss�察�the 

intervention of the King of the Golden River�察�the three attempts to turn the 

river   to  gold�察  �and   Gluck's    success。    Gluck    is  to  be  our  hero�察  �and   our 

underlying idea is   the power of   love versus cruelty。  Description is to be 

reduced to its lowest terms�察�and the language made simple and concrete。 

     With this outline in mind�察�it may be useful to compare the following 

adaptation   with   the  original   story。 The  adaptation   is   not intended   in   any 

sense as a substitute for the original�察�but merely as that form of it which 

can be TOLD�察�while the original remains for reading。 



                            THE GOLDEN RIVER��1�А�



     ��1�А�Adapted from Ruskin's King of the Golden River。 



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                HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



       There was once a beautiful little valley�察�where the sun was warm�察�and 

the rains fell softly�察�its apples were so red�察�its corn so yellow�察�its grapes so 

blue�察�that it was called the Treasure Valley。 Not a river ran into it�察�but one 

great river flowed down the mountains on the other side�察�and because the 

setting sun always tinged its high cataract with gold after the rest of the 

world     was    dark�察  �it  was   called   the  Golden     River。   The    lovely   valley 

belonged to three brothers。 The youngest�察�little Gluck�察�was happy´hearted 

and kind�察�but he had a hard life with his brothers�察�for Hans and Schwartz 

were so cruel and so mean that they were known everywhere around as the 

;Black     Brothers。;    They    were    hard   to  their  farm    hands�察  �hard   to  their 

customers�察�hard to the poor�察�and hardest of all to Gluck。 

     At last the Black Brothers became so bad that the Spirit of the West 

Wind took vengeance on them�察�he forbade any of the gentle winds�察�south 

and west�察�to bring rain to the valley。 Then�察�since there were no rivers in it�察�

it dried up�察�and instead of a treasure valley it became a desert of dry�察�red 

sand。 The Black Brothers could get nothing out of it�察�and they wandered 

out into the world on the other side of the mountain´peaks�察�and little Gluck 

went with them。 

     Hans     and   Schwartz      went    out   every    day�察  �wasting    their   time   in 

wickedness

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