how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及15嫗
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before him。 The figure stretched its arms to him�察�and cried out for water。
;Ha�察�ha�察─�laughed Schwartz�察 �do you suppose I brought the water up
here for you�拭─�And he strode over the figure。 But when he had gone a few
yards farther�察�he looked back�察�and the figure was not there。
Then he stood at the brink of the Golden River�察 �and its waves were
black�察�and the roaring of the waters filled all the air。 He cast the flask into
the stream。 And as he did so the lightning glared in his eyes�察�the earth gave
way beneath him�察�and the river flowed over
The two Black Stones。
When Gluck found himself alone�察�he at last decided to try his luck
with the King of the Golden River。 The priest gave him some holy water
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HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
as soon as he asked for it�察�and with this and a basket of bread he started
off。
The hill of ice was much harder for Gluck to climb�察�because he was
not so strong as his brothers。 He lost his bread�察 �fell often�察 �and was
exhausted when he got on firm ground。 He began to climb the hill in the
hottest part of the day。 When he had climbed for an hour he was very
thirsty�察�and lifted the bottle to drink a little water。 As he did so he saw a
feeble old man coming down the path toward him。
;I am faint with thirst�察─�said the old man�察 �will you give me some of
that water�拭─�
Gluck saw that he was pale and tired�察�so he gave him the water�察�saying�察�
;Please don't drink it all。; But the old man drank a great deal�察�and gave
back the bottle two´thirds emptied。 Then he bade Gluck good speed�察�and
Gluck went on merrily。
Some grass appeared on the path�察�and the grasshoppers began to sing。
At the end of another hour�察�Gluck felt that he must drink again。 But�察�as
he raised the flask�察�he saw a little child lying by the roadside�察�and it cried
out pitifully for water。 After a struggle with himself Gluck decided to bear
the thirst a little longer。 He put the bottle to the child's lips�察�and it drank all
but a few drops。 Then it got up and ran down the hill。
All kinds of sweet flowers began to grow on the rocks�察�and crimson
and purple butterflies flitted about in the air。
At the end of another hour�察�Gluck's thirst was almost unbearable。 He
saw that there were only five or six drops of water in the bottle�察�however�察�
and he did not dare to drink。 So he was putting the flask away again when
he saw a little dog on the rocks�察�gasping for breath。 He looked at it�察�and
then at the Golden River�察�and he remembered the dwarf's words�察 �No one
can succeed except at the first trial;�察�and he tried to pass the dog。 But it
whined piteously�察 �and Gluck stopped。 He could not bear to pass it。
;Confound the King and his gold�察 �too� ─ �he said�察 �and he poured the few
drops of water into the dog's mouth。
The dog sprang up�察�its tail disappeared�察�its nose grew red�察�and its eyes
twinkled。 The next minute the dog was gone�察�and the King of the Golden
River stood there。 He stooped and plucked a lily that grew beside Gluck's
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HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
feet。 Three drops of dew were on its white leaves。 These the dwarf shook
into the flask which Gluck held in his hand。
;Cast these into the river�察─�he said�察 �and go down the other side of the
mountains into the Treasure Valley。; Then he disappeared。
Gluck stood on the brink of the Golden River�察�and cast the three drops
of dew into the stream。 Where they fell�察�a little whirlpool opened�察�but the
water did not turn to gold。 Indeed�察�the water seemed vanishing altogether。
Gluck was disappointed not to see gold�察 �but he obeyed the King of the
Golden River�察�and went down the other side of the mountains。
When he came out into the Treasure Valley�察 �a river�察 �like the Golden
River�察 �was springing from a new cleft in the rocks above�察 �and flowing
among the heaps of dry sand。 And then fresh grass sprang beside the river�察�
flowers opened along its sides�察�and vines began to cover the whole valley。
The Treasure Valley was becoming a garden again。
Gluck lived in the Valley�察 �and his grapes were blue�察 �and his apples
were red�察�and his corn was yellow�察�and the poor were never driven from
his door。 For him�察�as the King had promised�察�the river was really a River
of Gold。
It will probably be clear to anyone who has followed these attempts�察�
that the first step in adaptation is analysis�察�careful analysis of the story as it
stands。 One asks oneself�察�What is the story�拭�Which events are necessary
links in the chain�拭�How much of the text is pure description�拭�
Having this essential body of the story in mind�察 �one then decides
which of the steps toward the climax are needed for safe arrival there�察�and
keeps these。 When two or more steps can be covered in a single stride�察�one
makes the stride。 When a necessary explanation is unduly long�察 �or is
woven into the story in too many strands�察 �one disposes of it in an
introductory statement�察 �or perhaps in a side remark。 If there are two or
more threads of narrative�察�one chooses among them�察�and holds strictly to
the one chosen�察�eliminating details which concern the others。
In order to hold the simplicity of plot so attained�察�it is also desirable to
have but few personages in the story�察�and to narrate the action from the
point of view of one of them��usually the hero。 To shift the point of view
of the action is confusing to the child's mind。
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When the analysis and condensation have been accomplished�察 �the
whole must be cast in simple language�察�keeping if possible the same kind
of speech as that used in the original�察�but changing difficult or technical
terms to plain�察�and complex images to simple and familiar ones。
All types of adaptation share in this need of simple language��stories
which are too short�察�as well as those which are too long�察�have this feature
in their changed form。 The change in a short story is applied oftenest
where it becomes desirable to amplify a single anecdote�察 �or perhaps a
fable�察 �which is told in very condensed form。 Such an instance is the
following anecdote of heroism�察�which in the original is quoted in one of F。
W。 Robertson's lectures on Poetry。
A detachment of troops was marching along a valley�察 �the cliffs
overhanging which were crested by the enemy。 A sergeant�察 �with eleven
men�察�chanced to become separated from the rest by taking the wrong side
of a ravine�察 �which they expected soon to terminate�察�but which suddenly
deepened into an impassable chasm。 The officer in command signalled to
the party an order to return。 They mistook the signal for a command to
charge�察 �the brave fellows answered with a cheer�察 �and charged。 At the
summit of the steep mountain was a triangular platform�察 �defended by a
breastwork�察�behind which were seventy of the foe。 On they went�察�charging
up one of those fearful paths�察�eleven against seventy。 The contest could not
long be doubtful with such odds。 One after another they fell�察�six upon the
spot�察�the remainder hurled backwards�察�but not until they