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RATHER   THAN   ILLUSTRATIVE。   This   is   the   side   of   the   case   which 

those    who    are  over´dramatic      must   not   forget。  The    story´  teller  is  not 

playing the parts of his stories�察�he is merely arousing the imagination of 

his hearers to picture the scenes for themselves。 One element of the dual 

consciousness of the tale´teller remains always the observer�察�the reporter�察�

the quiet outsider。 

     I like to think of the story´teller as a good fellow standing at a great 

window overlooking a busy street or a picturesque square�察�and reporting 

with gusto to the comrade in the rear of the room what of mirth or sadness 

he   sees�察  �he  hints at   the policeman's   strut�察 �the organ´  grinder's shrug�察�the 

schoolgirl's gaiety�察�with a gesture or two which is born of an irresistible 

impulse   to   imitate�察  �but   he   never   leaves   his   fascinating   post   to   carry   the 

imitation further than a hint。 

     The   verity   of   this   figure   lies   in   the   fact   that   the   dramatic   quality   of 

story´telling     depends     closely    upon    the  CLEARNESS           AND     POWER 

WITH       WHICH       THE     STORY´TELLER           VISUALISES         THE     EVENTS 

AND CHARACTERS HE DESCRIBES。 You must hold the image before 

the mind's eye�察�using your imagination to embody to yourself every act�察�

incident and appearance。 You must�察�indeed�察�stand at the window of your 

consciousness and watch what happens。 

     This is a point so vital that I am tempted to put it in ornate type。 You 

must SEE what you SAY� �

     It is   not too   much�察 �even�察 �to   say�察  �You   must   see  more  than   you say。; 



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True vividness is lent by a background of picture realised by the listener 

beyond what you tell him。 Children see�察�as a rule�察�no image you do not see�察�

they see most clearly what you see most largely。 Draw�察�then�察�from a full 

well�察�not from a supply so low that the pumps wheeze at every pull。 

     Dramatic power of the reasonably quiet and suggestive type demanded 

for telling a story will come pretty surely in the train of effort along these 

lines�察  �it   follows   the   clear   concept   and   sincerity   in   imparting   it�察  �and   is   a 

natural consequence of the visualising imagination。 

     It   is   inextricably   bound   up�察  �also�察  �with   the   causes   and   results   of   the 

quality which finds place in my final injunction�察�to tell your story WITH 

ZEST。   It   might   almost   be   assumed   that   the   final   suggestion   renders   the 

preceding one superfluous�察�so direct is the effect of a lively interest on the 

dramatic quality of a narration�察�but it would not of itself be adequate�察�the 

necessity   of   visualising   imagination   is   paramount。   Zest   is�察  �however�察  �a 

close second to this clearness of mental vision。 It is entirely necessary to 

be interested in your own story�察�to enjoy it as you tell it。 If you are bored 

and   tired�察  �the   children   will   soon   be   bored   and   tired�察  �too。   If   you   are   not 

interested your manner cannot get that vitalised spontaneity which makes 

dramatic power possible。 Nothing else will give that relish on the lips�察�that 

gusto�察�which communicates its joy to the audience and makes it receptive 

to   every   impression。   I   used   to   say   to   teachers�察   �Tell   your   story   with   all 

your   might�察─  �but   I  found   that   this by  a   natural   misconception   was   often 

interpreted to mean ;laboriously。; And of course nothing is more injurious 

to   the   enjoyment   of   an   audience   than   obvious   effort   on   the   part   of   the 

entertainer。   True      zest  can    beoften    isextremely   quiet�察     �but  it  gives   a 

savour nothing else can impart。 

     ;But how�察�at the end of a hard morning's work�察�can I be interested in a 

story I have told twenty times before�拭─�asks the kindergarten or primary 

teacher�察�not without reason。 

     There are two things to be said。 The first is a reminder of the wisdom 

of choosing stories in which you originally have interest�察�and of having a 

store large enough to permit variety。 The second applies to those inevitable 

times   of   weariness   which   attack   the   most   interested   and   well´   stocked 

story´teller。 You are�察�perhaps�察�tired out physically。 You have told a certain 



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story till it seems as if a repetition of it must produce bodily effects dire to 

contemplate�察�yet that happens to be the very story you must tell。 What can 

you do�拭�I answer�察 �Make believe。; The device seems incongruous with the 

repeated   warnings   against   pretence�察  �but   it   is   necessary�察  �and   it   is   wise。 

Pretend as hard as ever you can to be interested。 And the result will be 

before you know itthat you will BE interested。 That is the chief cause of 

the recommendation�察�it brings about the result it simulates。 Make believe�察�

as   well   as   you   know   how�察  �and   the   probability   is   that   you   will   not   even 

know when the transition from pretended to real interest comes。 

     And fortunately�察�the children never know the difference。 They have not 

that   psychological   infallibility   which   is   often   attributed   to   them。   They 

might�察�indeed�察�detect a pretence which continued through a whole tale�察�but 

that is so seldom necessary that it needs little consideration。 

     So then�此�enjoy your story�察�be interested in it��if you possibly can�察�and 

if you cannot�察�pretend to be�察�till the very pretence brings about the virtue 

you have assumed。 

     There     is  much     else  which     might    be  said   and   urged    regarding     the 

method      of   story´telling�察   �even    without     encroaching      on   the   domain     of 

personal   variations。 A  whole   chapter   might�察  �for   example�察  �be   devoted   to 

voice   and   enunciation�察  �and   then   leave   the   subject   fertile。   But   voice   and 

enunciation are after all merely single manifestations of degree and quality 

of   culture�察  �of   taste�察  �and   of   natural   gift。   No   set   rules   can   bring   charm  of 

voice and speech to a person whose feeling and habitual point of view are 

fundamentally        wrong�察    �the   person     whose     habitual    feeling    and   mental 

attitude are fundamentally right needs few or no rules。 As the whole matter 

of   story´telling     is  in  the   first  instance    an  expression      of  the   complex 

personal product�察�so will this feature of it vary in perfection according to 

the beauty and culture of the human mechanism manifesting it。 

     A   few   generally   applicable   suggestions   may�察  �however�察  �be   useful�察�

always assuming the story´ teller to have the fundamental qualifications of 

fine and wholesome habit。 These are not rules for the art of speaking�察�they 

are    merely     some     practical    considerations       regarding      speaking     to   an 

audience。 

     First�察�I would reiterate my earlier advice�察�be simple。 Affectation is the 



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worst     enemy     of   voice   and    enunciation     alike。   Slovenly     enunciation      is 

certainly   very   dreadful�察  �but   the   unregenerate   may   be   pardoned   if   they 

prefer   it   to   the   affected   mouthing   which   some   over´nice   people   without 

due sense of values expend on every syllable which is so unlucky as to fall 

between their teeth。 

     Next I would urge avoidance of a fault very common with those who 

speak much in large rooms��the mistaken effor

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