唄診窮徨慕 > 哂猟圻广窮徨慕 > how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並) >

及20嫗

how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及20嫗

弌傍�� how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




who will become a story´teller。 

     From   the     very   start�察 �the   mood     of  the   tale  should    be   definite   and 

authoritative�察     �beginning      with    the   mood     of  the   teller   and    emanating 

therefrom      in   proportion     as  the   physique     of  the   teller  is  a  responsive 

medium。 

     Now      we   are   off。   Knowing      your    story�察  �having    your    hearers    well 

arranged�察�and being as thoroughly as you are able in the right mood�察�you 

begin to tell it。 Tell it�察�then�察�simply�察�directly�察�dramatically�察�with zest。 

     SIMPLY   applies   both   to   manner   and   matter。   As   to   manner�察  �I   mean 

without affectation�察�without any form of pretence�察�in short�察�without posing。 

It is a pity to ;talk down; to the children�察�to assume a honeyed voice�察�to 

think    of   the  edifying    or   educational     value    of  the  work     one   is  doing。 

Naturalness�察�being oneself�察�is the desideratum。 I wonder why we so often 

use a preposterous voice��a super´sweetened whine�察�in talking to children�拭�

Is   it   that   the   effort   to   realise   an   ideal   of   gentleness   and   affectionateness 

overreaches itself in this form of the grotesque�拭�Some good intention must 

be the root of it But the thing is none the less pernicious。 A ;cant; voice is 

as   abominable   as   a   cant   phraseology。   Both   are   of   the   very   substance   of 

evil。 

     ;But it is easier to SAY�察 �Be natural' than to BE it�察─�said one teacher to 



                                               62 


´ Page 63´

                HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



me desperately。 

     Beyond dispute。 To those of us who are cursed with an over´abundant 

measure of self´ consciousness�察�nothing is harder than simple naturalness。 

The     remedy     is  to  lose   oneself    in  one's   art。  Think     of  the   story   so 

absorbingly and vividly that you have no room to think of yourself。 Live it。 

Sink yourself in that mood you have summoned up�察�and let it carry you。 

     If   you   do   this�察  �simplicity  of   matter   will   come   easily。 Your   choice   of 

words and images will naturally become simple。 

     It is�察�I think�察�a familiar precept to educators�察�that children should not 

have their literature too much simplified for them。 We are told that they 

like something beyond them�察�and that it is good for them to have a sense 

of mystery and power beyond the sense they grasp。 That may be true�察�but 

if   so   it   does   not   apply   to   story´   telling   as   it   does   to   reading。   We   have 

constantly to remember that the movement of a story told is very swift。 A 

concept not grasped in passing is irrevocably lost�察�there is no possibility of 

turning back�察�or lingering over the page。 Also�察�since the art of story´telling 

is primarily an art of entertainment�察�its very object is sacrificed if the ideas 

and images do not slip into the child's consciousness smoothly enough to 

avoid the sense of strain。 For this reason short�察�familiar�察�vivid words are 

best。 

     Simplicity   of   manner   and   of   matter   are   both   essential   to   the   right 

appeal to children。 

     DIRECTNESS           in   telling  is  a  most    important     quality。   The    story�察�

listened to�察�is like the drama�察�beheld。 Its movement must be unimpeded�察�

increasingly swift�察�winding up ;with a snap。; Long´windedness�察�or talking 

round the story�察�utterly destroys this movement。 The incidents should be 

told�察�one after another�察�without explanation or description beyond what is 

absolutely     necessary�察    �and   THEY      SHOULD        BE    TOLD     IN   LOGICAL 

SEQUENCE。   Nothing   is   more   distressing   than   the   cart´before´the´horse 

method��nothing more quickly destroys interest than the failure to get a 

clue in the right place。 

     Sometimes�察  �to   be   sure�察  �a   side   remark   adds   piquancy   and   a   personal 

savour。 But the general rule is�察�great discretion in this respect。 

     Every epithet or adjective beyond what is needed to give the image�察�is 



                                             63 


´ Page 64´

                 HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



a five´barred gate in the path of the eager mind travelling to a climax。 

     Explanations        and   moralising      are   usually    sheer    clatter。   Some     few 

stories   necessarily   include   a   little   explanation�察  �and   stories   of   the   fable 

order may quaintly end with an obvious moral。 But here again�察�the rule is 

great discretion。 

     It   is   well   to   remember   that   you   have   one   great   advantage   over   the 

writer of stories。 The writer must present a clear image and make a vivid 

impression��all with words。 The teller has face�察�and voice�察�and body to do 

it with。 The teller needs�察�consequently�察�but one swiftly incisive verb to the 

writer's   two�察  �but   one   expressive   adjective   to   his   three。   Often�察  �indeed�察  �a 

pause and an expressive gesture do the whole thing。 

     It may be said here that it is a good trick of description to repeat an 

epithet or phrase once used�察�when referring again to the same thing。 The 

recurrent adjectives of   Homer were   the device of one   who entertained   a 

childlike   audience。   His   trick   is   unconscious   and   instinctive   with   people 

who have   a   natural   gift   for   children's   stories。   Of   course   this   matter   also 

demands common sense in the degree of its use�察�in moderation it is a most 

successful device。 

     Brevity�察�close logical sequence�察�exclusion of foreign matter�察�unhesitant 

speech��to use these is to tell a story directly。 

     After simplicity and directness�察�comes that quality which to advise�察�is 

to become a rock of offence to many。 It is the suggestion�察 �Tell the story 

DRAMATICALLY。; Yet   when   we   quite   understand   each   other   as   to   the 

meaning   of   ;dramatically�察─  �I   think   you   will   agree   with   me   that   a   good 

story´teller   includes   this   in   his   qualities   of   manner。   It   means�察  �not   in   the 

manner of the elocutionist�察�not excitably�察�not any of the things which are 

incompatible        with   simplicity   and     sincerity�察  �but   with    a  whole´    hearted 

throwing of oneself into the game�察�which identifies one in a manner with 

the   character   or situation   of   the   moment。   It   means   responsively�察  �vividly�察�

without interposing a blank wall of solid self between the drama of the tale 

and the mind's eye of the audience。 

     It is such fun�察�pure and simple�察�so to throw oneself into it�察�and to see 

the answering expressions mimic one's own�察�that it seems superfluous to 

urge    it。  Yet   many   persons      do   find   it  difficult。  The    instant�察  �slight   but 



                                               64 


´ Page 65´

                HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL 



suggestive change of voice�察�the use of onomatopoetic words�察�the response 

of   eyes   and   hands�察 �which   are   all immediate   and   spontaneous   with   some 

temperaments�察  �are   to   others   a   matter   of   shamefacedness   and   labour。   To 

those�察�to all who are not by nature bodily expressive�察�I would reiterate the 

injunction     already    given�察  �not   to  pretend。    Do   nothing     you   cannot    do 

naturally and happily。 But lay your stress on the inner and spiritual effort 

to appreciate�察�to feel�察�to imagine out the tale�察�and let the expressiveness of 

your body grow gradually with the increasing freedom from crippling self´ 

consciousness。   The   physique   will   become   more   mobile   as   the   emotion 

does。 

     The    expression      must�察  �however�察     �always    REMAIN        SUGGESTIVE 

RATHER   THAN   ILLUSTRATIVE。   This   is   the   side   of   the   case   which 

those    who   

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��

低辛嬬浪散議