how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及5嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
remained。 But I began�察�with as funny a tale as I knew�察�following the safe
plan of not speaking very loudly�察 �and aiming my effort at the nearest
children。 As I went on�察 �a very few faces held intelligently to mine�察 �the
majority answered only fitfully�察 �and not a few of my hearers conversed
with their neighbours as if I were non´ existent。 The sense of bafflement�察�
the futile effort�察 �forced the perspiration to my hands and faceyet
something in the faces before me told me that it was no ill´will that fought
against me�察 �it was the apathy of minds without the power or habit of
concentration�察 �unable to follow a sequence of ideas any distance�察 �and
rendered more restless by bodies which were probably uncomfortable�察�
certainly undisciplined。
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HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
The first story took ten minutes。 When I began a second�察�a very short
one�察 �the initial work had to be done all over again�察 �for the slight
comparative quiet I had won had been totally lost in the resulting
manifestation of approval。
At the end of the second story�察 �the room was really orderly to the
superficial view�察 �but where I stood I could see the small boy who
deliberately made a hideous face at me each time my eyes met his�察�the two
girls who talked with their backs turned�察�the squirms of a figure here and
there。 It seemed so disheartening a record of failure that I hesitated much
to yield to the uproarious request for a third story�察�but finally I did begin
again�察�on a very long story which for its own sake I wanted them to hear。
This time the little audience settled to attention almost at the opening
words。 After about five minutes I was suddenly conscious of a sense of
ease and relief�察�a familiar restful feeling in the atmosphere�察�and then�察 �at
last�察 �I knew that my audience was ;with me�察─ �that they and I were
interacting without obstruction。 Absolutely quiet�察�entirely unconscious of
themselves�察 �the boys and girls were responding to every turn of the
narrative as easily and readily as any group of story´bred kindergarten
children。 From then on we had a good time together。
The process which took place in that small audience was a condensed
example of what one may expect in habitual story´telling to a group of
children。 Once having had the attention chained by crude force of interest�察�
the children begin to expect something interesting from the teacher�察�and to
wait for it。 And having been led step by step from one grade of a logical
sequence to another�察 �their minds at first beguiled by the fascination of
the steps glide into the habit of following any logical sequence。 My club
formed its habit�察�as far as I was concerned�察�all in one session�察�the ordinary
demands of school procedure lengthen the process�察�but the result is equally
sure。 By the end of a week in which the children have listened happily to a
story every day�察�the habit of listening and deducing has been formed�察�and
the expectation of pleasantness is connected with the opening of the
teacher's lips。
These two benefits are well worth the trouble they cost�察�and for these
two�察�at least�察�any teacher who tells a story well may confidently look the
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quick gaining of a confidential relation with the children�察�and the gradual
development of concentration and interested attention in them。
These are direct and somewhat clearly discernible results�察�comfortably
placed in a near future。 There are other aims�察�reaching on into the far�察�slow
modes of psychological growth�察�which must equally determine the choice
of the story´teller's material and inform the spirit of her work。 These other�察�
less immediately attainable ends�察�I wish now to consider in relation to the
different types of story by which they are severally best served。
First�察�unbidden claimant of attention�察�comes
THE FAIRY STORY
No one can think of a child and a story�察�without thinking of the fairy
tale。 Is this�察�as some would have us believe�察�a bad habit of an ignorant old
world�拭�Or can the Fairy Tale justify her popularity with truly edifying and
educational results�拭�Is she a proper person to introduce here�察�and what are
her titles to merit�拭�
Oh dear�察 �yes� �Dame Fairy Tale comes bearing a magic wand in her
wrinkled old fingers�察�with one wave of which she summons up that very
spirit of joy which it is our chief effort to invoke。 She raps smartly on the
door�察�and open sesames echo to every imagination。 Her red´ heeled shoes
twinkle down an endless lane of adventures�察 �and every real child's
footsteps quicken after。 She is the natural�察 �own great´ grandmother of
every child in the world�察�and her pocketfuls of treasures are his by right of
inheritance。 Shut her out�察 �and you truly rob the children of something
which is theirs�察 �something marking their constant kinship with the race´
children of the past�察�and adapted to their needs as it was to those of the
generation of long ago� �If there were no other criterion at all�察�it would be
enough that the children love the fairy tale�察�we give them fairy stories�察�first�察�
because they like them。 But that by no means lessens the importance of the
fact that fairy tales are also good for them。
How good�拭�In various ways。 First�察�perhaps�察�in their supreme power of
presenting truth through the guise of images。 This is the way the race´child
took toward wisdom�察�and it is the way each child's individual instinct takes�察�
after him。 Elemental truths of moral law and general types of human
experience are presented in the fairy tale�察�in the poetry of their images�察�and
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although the child is aware only of the image at the time�察�the truth enters
with it and becomes a part of his individual experience�察�to be recognised in
its relations at a later stage。 Every truth and type so given broadens and
deepens the capacity of the child's inner life�察�and adds an element to the
store from which he draws his moral inferences。
The most familiar instance of a moral truth conveyed under a fairy´
story image is probably the story of the pure´hearted and loving girl whose
lips were touched with the wonderful power of dropping jewels with every
spoken word�察�while her stepsister�察�whose heart was infested with malice
and evil desires�察�let ugly toads fall from her mouth whenever she spoke。 I
mention the old tale because there is probably no one of my readers who
has not heard it in childhood�察�and because there are undoubtedly many to
whose mind it has often recurred in later life as a sadly perfect
presentment of the fact that ;out of the abundance of the heart the mouth
speaketh。; That story has entered into the forming consciousness of many
of us�察�with its implications of the inevitable result of visible evil from evil
in the heart�察�and its revelation of the loathsomeness of evil itself。
And no less truly than this story has served to many as an embodiment
of moral law has another household