how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及7嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
thought。
It does not so greatly trouble the teacher who uses the nature story as a
story�察 �rather than as a test´book�察 �for she will not be so keenly attracted
toward the books prepared with a didactic purpose。 She will find a good
gift for the child in nature stories which ARE stories�察�over and above any
stimulus to his curiosity about fact。 That good gift is a certain possession
of all good fiction。
One of the best things good fiction does for any of us is to broaden our
comprehension of other lots than our own。 The average man or woman has
little opportunity actually to live more than one kind of life。 The chances
of birth�察 �occupation�察 �family ties�察 �determine for most of us a line of
experience not very inclusive and but little varied�察 �and this is a natural
barrier to our complete understanding of others�察�whose life´line is set at a
different angle。 It is not possible wholly to sympathise with emotions
engendered by experience which one has never had。 Yet we all long to be
broad in sympathy and inclusive in appreciation�察�we long�察�greatly�察�to know
the experience of others。 This yearning is probably one of the good but
misconceived appetites so injudiciously fed by the gossip of the daily
press。 There is a hope�察 �in the reader�察 �of getting for the moment into the
lives of people who move in wholly different sets of circumstances。 But
the relation of dry facts in newspapers�察�however tinged with journalistic
colour�察�helps very little to enter such other life。 The entrance has to be by
the door of the imagination�察�and the journalist is rarely able to open it for
us。 But there is a genius who can open it。 The author who can write fiction
23
´ Page 24´
HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
of the right sort can do it�察�his is the gift of seeing inner realities�察�and of
showing them to those who cannot see them for themselves。 Sharing the
imaginative vision of the story´writer�察�we can truly follow out many other
roads of life than our own。 The girl on a lone country farm is made to
understand how a girl in a city sweating´ den feels and lives�察�the London
exquisite realises the life of a Californian ranchman�察�royalty and tenement
dwellers become acquainted�察 �through the power of the imagination
working on experience shown in the light of a human basis common to
both。 Fiction supplies an element of culture��that of the sympathies�察�
which is invaluable。 And the beginnings of this culture�察�this widening and
clearing of the avenues of human sympathy�察 �are especially easily made
with children in the nature story。
When you begin�察 �There was once a little furry rabbit�察┌�1�А�the child's
curiosity is awakened by the very fact that the rabbit is not a child�察 �but
something of a different species altogether。 ;Now for something new and
adventuresome�察─�says his expectation�察 �we are starting off into a foreign
world。; He listens wide´eyed�察�while you say�察 �and he lived in a warm�察�cosy
nest�察�down under the long grass with his mother; how delightful�察�to live
in a place like that�察�so different from little boys' homes� �his name was
Raggylug�察 �and his mother's name was Molly Cottontail。 And every
morning�察 �when Molly Cottontail went out to get their food�察 �she said to
Raggylug�察 �Now�察 �Raggylug�察 �remember you are only a baby rabbit�察 �and
don't move from the nest。 No matter what you hear�察�no matter what you
see�察 �don't you move��';all this is different still�察 �yet it is familiar�察 �too�察 �it
appears that rabbits are rather like folks。 So the tale proceeds�察�and the little
furry rabbit passes through experiences strange to little boys�察�yet very like
little boys' adventures in some respects�察 �he is frightened by a snake�察�
comforted by his mammy�察�and taken to a new house�察�under the long grass
a long way off。 These are all situations to which the child has a key。 There
is just enough of strangeness to entice�察 �just enough of the familiar to
relieve any strain。 When the child has lived through the day's happenings
with Raggylug�察�the latter has begun to seem veritably a little brother of the
grass to him。 And because he has entered imaginatively into the feelings
and fate of a creature different from himself�察�he has taken his first step out
24
´ Page 25´
HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
into the wide world of the lives of others。
��1�А�See Raggylug。
It may be a recognition of this factor and its value which has led so
many writers of nature stories into the error of over´humanising their four´
footed or feathered heroes and heroines。 The exaggeration is unnecessary�察�
for there is enough community of lot suggested in the sternest scientific
record to constitute a natural basis for sympathy on the part of the human
animal。 Without any falsity of presentation whatever�察�the nature story may
be counted on as a help in the beginnings of culture of the sympathies。 It is
not�察�of course�察�a help confined to the powers of the nature story�察�all types
of story share in some degree the powers of each。 But each has some
especial virtue in dominant degree�察�and the nature story is�察�on this ground�察�
identified with the thought given。
The nature story shares its influence especially with
THE HISTORICAL STORY
As the one widens the circle of connection with other kinds of life�察�
the other deepens the sense of relation to past lives�察�it gives the sense of
background�察 �of the close and endless connection of generation with
generation。 A good historical story vitalises the conception of past events
and brings their characters into relation with the present。 This is especially
true of stories of things and persons in the history of our own race。 They
foster race´consciousness�察�the feeling of kinship and community of blood。
It is this property which makes the historical story so good an agent for
furthering a proper national pride in children。 Genuine patriotism�察�neither
arrogant nor melodramatic�察�is so generally recognised as having its roots
in early training that I need not dwell on this possibility�察 �further than to
note its connection with the instinct of hero´worship which is quick in the
healthy child。 Let us feed that hunger for the heroic which gnaws at the
imagination of every boy and of more girls than is generally admitted。
There have been heroes in plenty in the world's records��heroes of action�察�
of endurance�察 �of decision�察 �of faith。 Biographical history is full of them。
And the deeds of these heroes are every one a story。 We tell these stories�察�
both to bring the great past into its due relation with the living present�察�and
to arouse that generous admiration and desire for emulation which is the
25
´ Page 26´
HOW TO TELL STORIES TO CHILDREN AND SOME STORIES TO TELL
source of so much inspiration in childhood。 When these stories are tales of
the doings and happenings of our own heroes�察�the strong men and women
whose lives are a part of our own country's history�察�they serve the double
demands of hero´worship and patriotism。 Stories of wise and honest
statesmanship�察�of struggle with primitive conditions