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how to tell children stories(泌採公頃徨讐絞並)-及7嫗

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thought。 

     It does not so greatly trouble the teacher who uses the nature story as a 

story�察  �rather   than   as   a   test´book�察  �for   she   will   not   be   so   keenly   attracted 

toward the books prepared with a didactic purpose。 She will find a good 

gift for the child in nature stories which ARE stories�察�over and above any 

stimulus to his curiosity about fact。 That good gift is a certain possession 

of all good fiction。 

     One of the best things good fiction does for any of us is to broaden our 

comprehension of other lots than our own。 The average man or woman has 

little opportunity actually to live more than one kind of life。 The chances 

of    birth�察 �occupation�察     �family    ties�察 �determine      for   most    of  us   a  line   of 

experience   not   very   inclusive   and   but   little   varied�察  �and   this   is   a   natural 

barrier to our complete understanding of others�察�whose life´line is set at a 

different   angle。   It   is   not   possible   wholly   to   sympathise   with   emotions 

engendered by experience which one has never had。 Yet we all long to be 

broad in sympathy and inclusive in appreciation�察�we long�察�greatly�察�to know 

the   experience   of   others。 This   yearning   is   probably  one   of   the   good   but 

misconceived   appetites   so   injudiciously   fed   by   the   gossip   of   the   daily 

press。 There  is   a  hope�察 �in   the  reader�察 �of  getting   for  the  moment   into  the 

lives of people who move in wholly different sets of circumstances。 But 

the relation   of dry  facts in newspapers�察�however   tinged with   journalistic 

colour�察�helps very little to enter such other life。 The entrance has to be by 

the door of the imagination�察�and the journalist is rarely able to open it for 

us。 But there is a genius who can open it。 The author who can write fiction 



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of the right sort can do it�察�his is the gift of seeing inner realities�察�and of 

showing them to those who cannot see them for themselves。 Sharing the 

imaginative vision of the story´writer�察�we can truly follow out many other 

roads   of   life   than   our   own。  The   girl   on   a   lone   country   farm   is   made   to 

understand how a girl in a city sweating´ den feels and lives�察�the London 

exquisite realises the life of a Californian ranchman�察�royalty and tenement 

dwellers      become      acquainted�察     �through     the   power     of   the   imagination 

working on   experience   shown   in   the   light   of   a   human   basis   common   to 

both。    Fiction    supplies    an   element     of  culture��that     of  the   sympathies�察�

which is invaluable。 And the beginnings of this culture�察�this widening and 

clearing   of   the   avenues   of   human   sympathy�察  �are   especially   easily   made 

with children in the nature story。 

     When you begin�察 �There was once a little furry rabbit�察┌�1�А�the child's 

curiosity  is   awakened   by  the   very  fact   that   the   rabbit   is   not   a   child�察  �but 

something of a different species altogether。 ;Now for something new and 

adventuresome�察─�says his expectation�察 �we are starting off into a foreign 

world。; He listens wide´eyed�察�while you say�察 �and he lived in a warm�察�cosy 

nest�察�down under the long grass with his mother; how delightful�察�to live 

in a place like that�察�so different from little boys' homes� �his name was 

Raggylug�察      �and    his  mother's     name     was    Molly     Cottontail。    And     every 

morning�察  �when   Molly   Cottontail   went   out   to   get   their   food�察  �she   said   to 

Raggylug�察   �Now�察  �Raggylug�察  �remember   you   are   only   a   baby   rabbit�察  �and 

don't move from the nest。 No matter what you hear�察�no matter what you 

see�察 �don't   you   move��';all   this   is different   still�察 �yet   it   is   familiar�察 �too�察  �it 

appears that rabbits are rather like folks。 So the tale proceeds�察�and the little 

furry rabbit passes through experiences strange to little boys�察�yet very like 

little   boys'   adventures     in  some     respects�察   �he  is  frightened     by   a  snake�察�

comforted by his mammy�察�and taken to a new house�察�under the long grass 

a long way off。 These are all situations to which the child has a key。 There 

is   just   enough   of   strangeness   to   entice�察  �just   enough   of   the   familiar   to 

relieve any strain。 When the child has lived through the day's happenings 

with Raggylug�察�the latter has begun to seem veritably a little brother of the 

grass to him。 And because he has entered imaginatively into the feelings 

and fate of a creature different from himself�察�he has taken his first step out 



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into the wide world of the lives of others。 

       ��1�А�See Raggylug。 

       It may be a recognition of this factor and its value which has led so 

many writers of nature stories into the error of over´humanising their four´ 

footed or feathered heroes and heroines。 The exaggeration is unnecessary�察�

for there is   enough community of   lot suggested in the sternest   scientific 

record to constitute a natural basis for sympathy on the part of the human 

animal。 Without any falsity of presentation whatever�察�the nature story may 

be counted on as a help in the beginnings of culture of the sympathies。 It is 

not�察�of course�察�a help confined to the powers of the nature story�察�all types 

of   story   share   in   some   degree   the   powers   of   each。   But   each   has   some 

especial virtue in dominant degree�察�and the nature story is�察�on this ground�察�

identified with the thought given。 

     The nature story shares its influence especially with 



                          THE HISTORICAL STORY 



       As the one widens the circle of connection with other kinds of life�察�

the other deepens the sense of relation to past lives�察�it gives the sense of 

background�察      �of  the   close   and   endless    connection     of   generation    with 

generation。 A good historical story vitalises the conception of past events 

and brings their characters into relation with the present。 This is especially 

true of stories of things and persons in the history of our own race。 They 

foster race´consciousness�察�the feeling of kinship and community of blood。 

It is this property which makes the historical story so good an agent for 

furthering a proper national pride in children。 Genuine patriotism�察�neither 

arrogant nor melodramatic�察�is so generally recognised as having its roots 

in early training   that I  need not   dwell on this possibility�察 �further than   to 

note its connection with the instinct of hero´worship which is quick in the 

healthy child。 Let us feed that hunger for the heroic which gnaws at the 

imagination   of   every   boy   and   of   more   girls   than   is   generally   admitted。 

There have been heroes in plenty in the world's records��heroes of action�察�

of   endurance�察  �of   decision�察  �of   faith。   Biographical   history   is   full   of   them。 

And the deeds of these heroes are every one a story。 We tell these stories�察�

both to bring the great past into its due relation with the living present�察�and 

to arouse that generous admiration and desire for emulation which is the 



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source of so much inspiration in childhood。 When these stories are tales of 

the doings and happenings of our own heroes�察�the strong men and women 

whose lives are a part of our own country's history�察�they serve the double 

demands       of  hero´worship      and   patriotism。   Stories   of   wise   and   honest 

statesmanship�察�of struggle with primitive conditions

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