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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及14嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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wherry�察�with all their victual�察�weapons�察�and provisions。 Captain Caulfield 

had with him my cousin Butshead Gorges�察�and eight more。 In the galley�察�

of   gentlemen      and   officers   myself    had   Captain    Thyn�察   �my   cousin    John 

Greenvile�察�my nephew John Gilbert�察�Captain Whiddon�察�Captain Keymis�察�

Edward   Hancock�察  �Captain          Clarke�察  �Lieutenant   Hughes�察  �Thomas         Upton�察�

Captain Facy�察�Jerome Ferrar�察�Anthony Wells�察�William Connock�察�and above 

fifty   more。   We   could   not   learn   of   Berreo   any   other   way   to   enter   but   in 

branches so far to windward as it was impossible for us to recover�察�for we 

had   as   much   sea   to   cross   over   in   our   wherries�察  �as   between   Dover   and 

Calice�察�and in a great bollow�察�the wind and current being both very strong。 

So as we were driven to go in those small boats directly before the wind 

into the bottom of the Bay of Guanipa�察�and from thence to enter the mouth 

of some one of those rivers which John Douglas had last discovered�察�and 

had with us for pilot an Indian of Barema�察�a river to the south of Orenoque�察�

between   that   and Amazons�察  �whose   canoas   we   had   formerly   taken   as   he 

was   going     from   the   said  Barema�察    �laden    with   cassavi   bread    to  sell  at 

Margarita。   This   Arwacan   promised   to   bring   me   into   the   great   river   of 

Orenoque�察�but indeed of that which he entered he was utterly ignorant�察�for 

he had not seen it in twelve years before�察�at which time he was very young�察�

and of no judgment。 And if God had not sent us another help�察�we might 

have wandered a whole year in that labyrinth of rivers�察�ere we had found 

any way�察�either out or in�察�especially after we were past ebbing and flowing�察�

which was in four days。 For I know all the earth doth not yield the like 

confluence of streams and   branches�察�the one crossing the other so   many 

times�察�and all so fair and large�察�and so like one to another�察�as no man can 

tell which to take�此�and if we went by the sun or compass�察�hoping thereby 

to   go   directly  one   way  or   other�察  �yet   that   way  we   were   also   carried   in   a 

circle   amongst   multitudes   of   islands�察  �and   every   island   so   bordered   with 

high trees as no man could see any further than the breadth of the river�察�or 

length of the breach。 But this it chanced�察�that entering into a river ��which 

because it had no name�察�we called the River of the Red Cross�察�ourselves 



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being the   first Christians that   ever came   therein���察�the 22。 of May�察 �as   we 

were   rowing   up   the   same�察  �we   espied   a   small   canoa   with   three   Indians�察�

which by the swiftness of my barge�察�rowing with eight oars�察�I overtook ere 

they could cross the river。 The rest of the people on the banks�察�shadowed 

under the thick wood�察�gazed on with a doubtful conceit what might befall 

those three which we had taken。 But when they perceived that we offered 

them no violence�察�neither entered their canoa with any of ours�察�nor took 

out of the canoa any of theirs�察�they then began to show themselves on the 

bank's side�察�and offered to traffic with us for such things as they had。 And 

as we drew near�察�they all stayed�察�and we came with our barge to the mouth 

of a little creek which came from their town into the great river。 

     As we abode here awhile�察�our Indian pilot�察�called Ferdinando�察�would 

needs go ashore to their village to fetch some fruits and to drink of their 

artificial wines�察�and also to see the place and know the lord of it against 

another time�察�and took with him a brother of his which he had with him in 

the journey。 When they came to the village of these people the lord of the 

island offered to lay  hands on them�察 �purposing   to   have   slain   them  both�察�

yielding for  reason that this Indian of ours   had brought   a strange  nation 

into their territory to spoil and destroy them。 But the pilot being quick and 

of   a   disposed   body�察  �slipt   their   fingers   and   ran   into   the   woods�察  �and   his 

brother�察�being the better footman of the two�察�recovered the creek's mouth�察�

where we stayed in our barge�察�crying out that his brother was slain。 With 

that we set hands on one of them that was next us�察�a very old man�察�and 

brought him into the barge�察�assuring him that if we had not our pilot again 

we would presently cut off his head。 This old man�察�being resolved that he 

should pay the loss of the other�察�cried out to those in the woods to save 

Ferdinando�察�our pilot�察�but they followed him notwithstanding�察�and hunted 

after him upon the foot with their deer´dogs�察�and with so main a cry that 

all the woods echoed with the shout they made。 But at the last this poor 

chased Indian recovered the river side and got upon a tree�察�and�察�as we were 

coasting�察�leaped down and swam to the barge half dead with fear。 But our 

good hap was that we kept the other old Indian�察�which we handfasted to 

redeem   our   pilot   withal�察  �for�察  �being   natural   of   those   rivers�察  �we   assured 

ourselves that he knew the way better than any stranger could。 And�察�indeed�察�



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but for this chance�察�I think we had never found the way either to Guiana or 

back to our ships�察�for Ferdinando after a few days knew nothing at all�察�nor 

which way to turn�察�yea�察�and many times the old man himself was in great 

doubt   which   river   to   take。   Those   people   which   dwell   in   these   broken 

islands   and   drowned   lands   are   generally   called   Tivitivas。   There   are   of 

them two sorts�察�the one called Ciawani�察�and the other Waraweete。 

     The great river of Orenoque or Baraquan hath nine branches which fall 

out   on   the   north   side   of his   own   main   mouth。  On   the south   side it   hath 

seven other fallings into the sea�察�so it disemboqueth by sixteen arms in all�察�

between islands and broken ground�察�but the islands are very great�察�many 

of them as big as the Isle of Wight�察�and bigger�察�and many less。 From the 

first branch on the north to the last of the south it is at least 100 leagues�察�so 

as the river's mouth is 300 miles wide at his entrance into the sea�察�which I 

take  to   be   far  bigger than that of Amazons。 All those  that   inhabit in the 

mouth of this river upon the several north branches are these Tivitivas�察�of 

which there are two chief lords which have continual wars one with the 

other。 The islands which lie on the right hand are called Pallamos�察�and the 

land   on   the   left�察  �Hororotomaka�察  �and   the   river   by   which   John   Douglas 

returned within the land from Amana to Capuri they call Macuri。 

     These Tivitivas   are   a   very  goodly  people   and very  valiant�察 �and   have 

the   most   manly   speech   and   most   deliberate   that   ever   I   heard   of   what 

nation soever。 In the summer they have houses on the ground�察�as in other 

places�察  �in   the   winter   they   dwell   upon   the   trees�察  �where   they   build   very 

artificial   towns   and   villages�察  �as   it   is   written   in   the   Spanish   story   of   the 

West Indies that those people do in the low lands near the gulf of Uraba。 

For between May and September the river of Orenoque riseth thirty foot 

upright�察�and then are those islands overflown twenty foot high above the 

level of the ground�察�saving some few raised grounds in the middle of them�察�

and for this cause they are enforced to live in this manner。 They never eat 

of anything that is set or sown�察�and as at home they use neither planting 

nor   other   manurance�察  �so   when   they   come   abroad   they   refuse   to   feed   of 

aught but of that which nature without labour bringeth forth。 They use the 

tops of palmi

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