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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及15嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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aught but of that which nature without labour bringeth forth。 They use the 

tops of palmitos for bread�察�and kill deer�察�fish�察�and porks for the rest of their 

sustenance。 They have also many sorts of fruits that grow in the woods�察�



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and   great   variety   of   birds   and   fowls�察  �and   if   to   speak   of   them   were   not 

tedious and vulgar�察�surely we saw in those passages of very rare colours 

and forms not elsewhere to be found�察�for as much as I have either seen or 

read。 

     Of   these    people   those    that   dwell   upon   the    branches   of    Orenoque�察�

called Capuri�察�and Macureo�察�are for the most part carpenters of canoas�察�for 

they make the most and fairest canoas�察�and sell them into Guiana for gold 

and into Trinidad for tabacco�察�in the excessive taking whereof they exceed 

all nations。 And notwithstanding the moistness of the air in which they live�察�

the hardness of their diet�察�and the great labours they suffer to hunt�察�fish�察�

and fowl for their living�察�in all my life�察�either in the Indies or in Europe�察�

did   I   never   behold   a   more   goodly   or   better´favoured   people   or   a   more 

manly。 They were wont to make war upon all nations�察�and especially on 

the   Cannibals�察  �so   as   none   durst   without   a   good   strength   trade   by   those 

rivers�察�but of late they are at peace with their neighbours�察�all holding the 

Spaniards   for   a   common   enemy。   When   their   commanders   die   they   use 

great lamentation�察�and when they think the flesh of their bodies is putrified 

and fallen from their bones�察�then they take up the carcase again and hang it 

in   the   cacique's   house   that   died�察  �and   deck   his   skull   with   feathers   of   all 

colours�察�and hang all his gold plates about the bones of this arms�察�thighs�察�

and   legs。   Those   nations   which   are   called   Arwacas�察  �which   dwell   on   the 

south   of   Orenoque�察  �of   which   place   and   nation   our   Indian   pilot   was�察  �are 

dispersed in many other places�察�and do use to beat the bones of their lords 

into powder�察�and their wives and friends drink it all in their several sorts of 

drinks。 

     After   we   departed   from   the   port   of   these   Ciawani   we   passed   up   the 

river with the flood and anchored the ebb�察�and in this sort we went onward。 

The third day that we entered the river�察�our galley came on ground�察�and 

stuck so fast as we thought that even there our discovery had ended�察�and 

that we   must have left four´score and   ten of   our   men to   have inhabited�察�

like rooks upon trees�察�with those nations。 But the next morning�察�after we 

had cast out all her ballast�察�with tugging and hauling to and fro we got her 

afloat and went on。 At four days' end we fell into as goodly a river as ever 

I   beheld�察  �which   was   called   the   great   Amana�察  �which   ran   more   directly 



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without windings and turnings than the other。 But soon after the flood of 

the sea left us�察�and�察�being enforced either by main strength to row against 

a violent current�察�or to return as wise as we went out�察�we had then no shift 

but to persuade the companies that it was but two or three days' work�察�and 

therefore   desired   them  to   take   pains�察  �every  gentleman   and   others   taking 

their turns to row�察�and to spell one the other at the hour's end。 Every day 

we passed by goodly branches of rivers�察�some falling from the west�察�others 

from the east�察�into Amana�察�but those I leave to the description in the chart 

of discovery�察�where every one shall be named with his rising and descent。 

When   three   days   more   were   overgone�察  �our   companies   began   to   despair�察�

the weather being extreme hot�察�the river bordered with very high trees that 

kept away the air�察�and the current against us every day stronger than other。 

But we evermore commanded our pilots to promise an end the next day�察�

and used it so long as we were driven to assure them from four reaches of 

the river to three�察�and so to two�察�and so to the next reach。 But so long we 

laboured that many days were spent�察�and we driven to draw ourselves to 

harder allowance�察�our bread even at the last�察�and no drink at all�察�and our 

men and ourselves so wearied and scorched�察�and doubtful withal whether 

we should ever perform it or no�察�the heat increasing as we drew towards 

the line�察�for we were now in five degrees。 

     The   further   we   went   on�察  �our  victual   decreasing   and   the   air   breeding 

great faintness�察�we grew weaker and weaker�察�when we had most need of 

strength   and   ability。   For   hourly   the   river   ran   more   violently   than   other 

against us�察�and the barge�察�wherries�察�and ship's boat of Captain Gifford and 

Captain   Caulfield   had   spent   all   their   provisions�察  �so   as   we   were   brought 

into despair and discomfort�察�had we not persuaded all the company that it 

was but only one day's work more to attain the land where we should be 

relieved of all we wanted�察�and if we returned�察�that we were sure to starve 

by the way�察�and that the world would also laugh us to scorn。 On the banks 

of these rivers were divers sorts of fruits good to eat�察�flowers and trees of 

such    variety    as  were   sufficient   to  make     ten  volumes     of  Herbals�察   �we 

relieved     ourselves     many    times    with    the  fruits   of   the  country�察   �and 

sometimes with fowl and fish。 We saw birds of all colours�察�some carnation�察�

some crimson�察�orange´tawny�察�purple�察�watchet ��pale blue���察�and of all other 



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sorts�察�both simple and mixed�察�and it was unto us a great good´passing of 

the time to behold them�察�besides the relief we found by killing some store 

of them with our fowling´pieces�察�without which�察�having little or no bread�察�

and less drink�察�but only the thick and troubled water of the river�察�we had 

been in a very hard case。 

     Our   old   pilot   of   the   Ciawani�察  �whom�察  �as   I   said   before�察  �we   took   to 

redeem Ferdinando�察�told us�察�that if we would enter a branch of a river on 

the right hand with our barge and wherries�察�and leave the galley at anchor 

the while in the great river�察�he would bring us to a town of the Arwacas�察�

where we should find store of bread�察�hens�察�fish�察�and of the country wine�察�

and persuaded us�察�that departing from the galley at noon we might return 

ere night。 I was very glad to hear this speech�察�and presently took my barge�察�

with   eight   musketeers�察  �Captain   Gifford's   wherry�察  �with   himself   and   four 

musketeers�察�and Captain Caulfield with his wherry�察�and as many�察�and so 

we entered the mouth of this river�察�and because we were persuaded that it 

was so near�察�we took no victual with us at all。 When we had rowed three 

hours�察�we marvelled we saw no sign of any dwelling�察�and asked the pilot 

where the town was�察�he told us�察�a little further。 After three hours more�察�the 

sun being almost set�察�we began to suspect that he led us that way to betray 

us�察  �for   he   confessed   that   those   Spaniards   which   fled   from Trinidad�察  �and 

also those that remained with Carapana in Emeria�察�were joined together in 

some   village   upon   that   river。   But   when   it   grew   towards   night�察  �and   we 

demanded where the place was�察�he told us but four reaches more。 When 

we had rowed four and four�察�we saw no sign�察�and our poor watermen�察�even 

heart´broken and tired�察�were ready to give up the ghost�察�for we had now 

come from the galley near forty miles。 

     At the last we determined to hang the pilot�察�and if we had well known 

the way back again by nigh

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