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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及5嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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This tree is described by Andrew Thevet�察�in his France Antarctique�察�and 

the form figured in the book as a plant very strange�察�and by Pliny in his 

twelfth book of his Natural History。 But in this island�察�as also in Guiana�察�

there are very many of them。 

     At this point�察�called Tierra de Brea or Piche�察�there is that abundance of 

stone   pitch   that   all   the   ships   of   the   world   may   be   therewith   laden   from 

thence�察�and we made trial of it in trimming our ships to be most excellent 

good�察�and melteth not with the sun as the pitch of Norway�察�and therefore 

for ships trading the south parts very profitable。 From thence we went to 

the mountain foot called Annaperima�察�and so passing the river Carone�察�on 

which the Spanish city was seated�察�we met with our ships at Puerto de los 

Espanoles or Conquerabia。 

     This   island   of   Trinidad   hath   the     form   of   a   sheephook�察  �and   is   but 

narrow�察�the north part is very mountainous�察�the soil is very excellent�察�and 

will   bear   sugar�察  �ginger�察  �or   any  other   commodity  that   the   Indies   yield。   It 

hath store of deer�察�wild porks�察�fruit�察�fish�察�and fowl�察�it hath also for bread 

sufficient maize�察�cassavi�察�and of those roots and fruits which are common 

everywhere in the West Indies。 It hath divers beasts which the Indies have 

not�察�the Spaniards confessed that they found grains of gold in some of the 

rivers�察�but they having a purpose to enter Guiana�察�the magazine of all rich 

metals�察  �cared   not   to   spend   time   in   the   search   thereof   any   further。   This 

island is   called   by  the   people   thereof  Cairi�察  �and   in   it   are  divers   nations。 

Those   about   Parico   are   called   Jajo�察  �those   at   Punta   de   Carao   are   of   the 

Arwacas       ��Arawaks��      and   between      Carao    and   Curiapan     they   are   called 

Salvajos。 Between Carao and Punta de Galera are the Nepojos�察�and those 

about the Spanish city term themselves Carinepagotes ��Carib´people��。 Of 

the rest of the nations�察�and of other ports and rivers�察�I leave to speak here�察�

being impertinent to my purpose�察�and mean to describe them as they are 

situate   in   the   particular   plot   and   description   of   the   island�察  �three   parts 



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whereof I coasted with my barge�察�that I might the better describe it。 

     Meeting   with   the   ships   at   Puerto   de   los   Espanoles�察  �we   found   at   the 

landing´place   a   company  of   Spaniards   who   kept   a   guard   at   the   descent�察�

and they offering a sign of peace�察�I sent Captain Whiddon to speak with 

them�察�whom afterwards   to my great   grief I   left buried in the said island 

after my  return   from Guiana�察 �being a man   most   honest and   valiant。 The 

Spaniards seemed to be desirous to trade with us�察�and to enter into terms 

of peace�察�more for doubt of their own strength than for aught else�察�and in 

the end�察�upon pledge�察�some of them came aboard。 The same evening there 

stale also aboard us in a small canoa two Indians�察�the one of them being a 

cacique or lord of the people�察�called Cantyman�察�who had the year before 

been     with   Captain     Whiddon�察     �and   was    of  his   acquaintance。      By   this 

Cantyman we understood what strength the Spaniards had�察�how far it was 

to their city�察�and of Don Antonio de Berreo�察�the governor�察�who was said to 

be slain in his second attempt of Guiana�察�but was not。 

     While we remained at Puerto de los Espanoles some Spaniards came 

aboard   us   to   buy   linen   of   the   company�察  �and   such   other   things   as   they 

wanted�察�and also to view our ships and company�察�all which I entertained 

kindly and feasted after our manner。 By means whereof I learned of one 

and another as much of the estate of Guiana as I could�察�or as they knew�察�

for   those   poor    soldiers   having    been   many   years     without    wine�察  �a  few 

draughts made them merry�察�in which mood they vaunted of Guiana and the 

riches thereof�察�and all what they knew of the ways and passages�察�myself 

seeming to purpose nothing less than the entrance or discovery thereof�察�but 

bred   in   them   an   opinion   that   I   was   bound   only   for   the   relief   of   those 

English   which   I   had   planted   in   Virginia�察  �whereof   the   bruit   was   come 

among them�察�which I had performed in my return�察�if extremity of weather 

had not forced me from the said coast。 

     I found occasions of staying in this place for two causes。 The one was 

to be revenged of Berreo�察�who the year before�察�1594�察�had betrayed eight of 

Captain Whiddon's men�察�and took them  while he departed from them  to 

seek   the   Edward   Bonaventure�察  �which   arrived   at Trinidad   the   day   before 

from   the   East   Indies�此  �in   whose   absence   Berreo   sent   a   canoa   aboard   the 

pinnace only with Indians and dogs inviting the company to go with them 



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into the woods to kill a deer。 Who like wise men�察�in the absence of their 

captain followed the Indians�察�but were no sooner one arquebus shot from 

the    shore�察   �but   Berreo's     soldiers    lying    in   ambush      had   them     all�察�

notwithstanding that he had given his word to Captain Whiddon that they 

should take water and wood safely。 The other cause of my stay was�察�for 

that   by   discourse   with   the   Spaniards   I   daily   learned   more   and   more   of 

Guiana�察  �of   the   rivers   and   passages�察  �and   of   the   enterprise   of   Berreo�察  �by 

what means or fault he failed�察�and how he meant to prosecute the same。 

     While we thus spent the time I was assured by another cacique of the 

north side of the island�察�that Berreo had sent to Margarita and Cumana for 

soldiers�察�meaning to have given me a cassado ��blow�� at parting�察�if it had 

been possible。 For although he had given order through all the island that 

no Indian should come aboard to trade with me upon pain of hanging and 

quartering ��having executed two of them for the same�察�which I afterwards 

found���察�yet every night there came some with most lamentable complaints 

of his cruelty�此�how he had divided the island and given to every soldier a 

part�察�that he made the ancient caciques�察�which were lords of the country�察�to 

be   their   slaves�察  �that   he   kept   them   in   chains�察  �and   dropped   their   naked 

bodies     with   burning    bacon�察   �and   such   other   torments�察    �which    I  found 

afterwards to be true。 For in the city�察�after I entered the same�察�there were 

five of the lords or little kings�察�which they call caciques in the West Indies�察�

in one chain�察�almost dead of famine�察�and wasted with torments。 These are 

called   in   their   own   language   acarewana�察  �and   now   of   late   since   English�察�

French�察�and Spanish�察�are come among them�察�they call themselves captains�察�

because they perceive that the chiefest of every ship is called by that name。 

Those   five   captains   in   the   chain   were   called   Wannawanare�察  �Carroaori�察�

Maquarima�察�Tarroopanama�察�and Aterima。 So as both to be revenged of the 

former wrong�察�as also considering that to enter Guiana by small boats�察�to 

depart 400 or 500 miles from my ships�察�and to leave a garrison in my back 

interested in the same enterprise�察�who also daily expected supplies out of 

Spain�察�I should have savoured very much of the ass�察�and therefore taking a 

time of most advantage�察�I set upon the Corps du garde in the evening�察�and 

having put them to the sword�察�sent Captain Caulfield onwards with sixty 

soldiers�察�and myself followed with forty more�察�and so took their new city�察�



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                                 THE DI

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