the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及5嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
This tree is described by Andrew Thevet�察�in his France Antarctique�察�and
the form figured in the book as a plant very strange�察�and by Pliny in his
twelfth book of his Natural History。 But in this island�察�as also in Guiana�察�
there are very many of them。
At this point�察�called Tierra de Brea or Piche�察�there is that abundance of
stone pitch that all the ships of the world may be therewith laden from
thence�察�and we made trial of it in trimming our ships to be most excellent
good�察�and melteth not with the sun as the pitch of Norway�察�and therefore
for ships trading the south parts very profitable。 From thence we went to
the mountain foot called Annaperima�察�and so passing the river Carone�察�on
which the Spanish city was seated�察�we met with our ships at Puerto de los
Espanoles or Conquerabia。
This island of Trinidad hath the form of a sheephook�察 �and is but
narrow�察�the north part is very mountainous�察�the soil is very excellent�察�and
will bear sugar�察 �ginger�察 �or any other commodity that the Indies yield。 It
hath store of deer�察�wild porks�察�fruit�察�fish�察�and fowl�察�it hath also for bread
sufficient maize�察�cassavi�察�and of those roots and fruits which are common
everywhere in the West Indies。 It hath divers beasts which the Indies have
not�察�the Spaniards confessed that they found grains of gold in some of the
rivers�察�but they having a purpose to enter Guiana�察�the magazine of all rich
metals�察 �cared not to spend time in the search thereof any further。 This
island is called by the people thereof Cairi�察 �and in it are divers nations。
Those about Parico are called Jajo�察 �those at Punta de Carao are of the
Arwacas ��Arawaks�� and between Carao and Curiapan they are called
Salvajos。 Between Carao and Punta de Galera are the Nepojos�察�and those
about the Spanish city term themselves Carinepagotes ��Carib´people��。 Of
the rest of the nations�察�and of other ports and rivers�察�I leave to speak here�察�
being impertinent to my purpose�察�and mean to describe them as they are
situate in the particular plot and description of the island�察 �three parts
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THE DISCOVERY OF GUIANA
whereof I coasted with my barge�察�that I might the better describe it。
Meeting with the ships at Puerto de los Espanoles�察 �we found at the
landing´place a company of Spaniards who kept a guard at the descent�察�
and they offering a sign of peace�察�I sent Captain Whiddon to speak with
them�察�whom afterwards to my great grief I left buried in the said island
after my return from Guiana�察 �being a man most honest and valiant。 The
Spaniards seemed to be desirous to trade with us�察�and to enter into terms
of peace�察�more for doubt of their own strength than for aught else�察�and in
the end�察�upon pledge�察�some of them came aboard。 The same evening there
stale also aboard us in a small canoa two Indians�察�the one of them being a
cacique or lord of the people�察�called Cantyman�察�who had the year before
been with Captain Whiddon�察 �and was of his acquaintance。 By this
Cantyman we understood what strength the Spaniards had�察�how far it was
to their city�察�and of Don Antonio de Berreo�察�the governor�察�who was said to
be slain in his second attempt of Guiana�察�but was not。
While we remained at Puerto de los Espanoles some Spaniards came
aboard us to buy linen of the company�察 �and such other things as they
wanted�察�and also to view our ships and company�察�all which I entertained
kindly and feasted after our manner。 By means whereof I learned of one
and another as much of the estate of Guiana as I could�察�or as they knew�察�
for those poor soldiers having been many years without wine�察 �a few
draughts made them merry�察�in which mood they vaunted of Guiana and the
riches thereof�察�and all what they knew of the ways and passages�察�myself
seeming to purpose nothing less than the entrance or discovery thereof�察�but
bred in them an opinion that I was bound only for the relief of those
English which I had planted in Virginia�察 �whereof the bruit was come
among them�察�which I had performed in my return�察�if extremity of weather
had not forced me from the said coast。
I found occasions of staying in this place for two causes。 The one was
to be revenged of Berreo�察�who the year before�察�1594�察�had betrayed eight of
Captain Whiddon's men�察�and took them while he departed from them to
seek the Edward Bonaventure�察 �which arrived at Trinidad the day before
from the East Indies�此 �in whose absence Berreo sent a canoa aboard the
pinnace only with Indians and dogs inviting the company to go with them
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into the woods to kill a deer。 Who like wise men�察�in the absence of their
captain followed the Indians�察�but were no sooner one arquebus shot from
the shore�察 �but Berreo's soldiers lying in ambush had them all�察�
notwithstanding that he had given his word to Captain Whiddon that they
should take water and wood safely。 The other cause of my stay was�察�for
that by discourse with the Spaniards I daily learned more and more of
Guiana�察 �of the rivers and passages�察 �and of the enterprise of Berreo�察 �by
what means or fault he failed�察�and how he meant to prosecute the same。
While we thus spent the time I was assured by another cacique of the
north side of the island�察�that Berreo had sent to Margarita and Cumana for
soldiers�察�meaning to have given me a cassado ��blow�� at parting�察�if it had
been possible。 For although he had given order through all the island that
no Indian should come aboard to trade with me upon pain of hanging and
quartering ��having executed two of them for the same�察�which I afterwards
found���察�yet every night there came some with most lamentable complaints
of his cruelty�此�how he had divided the island and given to every soldier a
part�察�that he made the ancient caciques�察�which were lords of the country�察�to
be their slaves�察 �that he kept them in chains�察 �and dropped their naked
bodies with burning bacon�察 �and such other torments�察 �which I found
afterwards to be true。 For in the city�察�after I entered the same�察�there were
five of the lords or little kings�察�which they call caciques in the West Indies�察�
in one chain�察�almost dead of famine�察�and wasted with torments。 These are
called in their own language acarewana�察 �and now of late since English�察�
French�察�and Spanish�察�are come among them�察�they call themselves captains�察�
because they perceive that the chiefest of every ship is called by that name。
Those five captains in the chain were called Wannawanare�察 �Carroaori�察�
Maquarima�察�Tarroopanama�察�and Aterima。 So as both to be revenged of the
former wrong�察�as also considering that to enter Guiana by small boats�察�to
depart 400 or 500 miles from my ships�察�and to leave a garrison in my back
interested in the same enterprise�察�who also daily expected supplies out of
Spain�察�I should have savoured very much of the ass�察�and therefore taking a
time of most advantage�察�I set upon the Corps du garde in the evening�察�and
having put them to the sword�察�sent Captain Caulfield onwards with sixty
soldiers�察�and myself followed with forty more�察�and so took their new city�察�
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