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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及8嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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forthwith。   Martinez�察  �being   much   favoured   by   the   soldiers�察  �had   all   the 

means possible procured for his life�察�but it could not be obtained in other 

sort than this�察�that he should be set into a canoa alone�察�without any victual�察�

only with his arms�察�and so turned loose into the great river。 But it pleased 

God     that   the   canoa    was   carried    down     the  stream�察    �and   certain   of   the 

Guianians met it the same evening�察�and�察�having not at any time seen any 

Christian nor any man of that colour�察�they carried Martinez into the land to 

be wondered at�察�and so from town to town�察�until he came to the great city 

of Manoa�察�the seat and residence of Inga the emperor。 The emperor�察�after 

he had beheld him�察�knew him to be a Christian�察�for it was not long before 

that his brethren Guascar and Atabalipa were vanquished by the Spaniards 

in Peru�此�and caused him to be lodged in his palace�察�and well entertained。 

He lived seven months in Manoa�察�but was not suffered to wander into the 



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country anywhere。 He was also brought thither all the way blindfold�察�led 

by   the   Indians�察  �until   he   came   to   the   entrance   of   Manoa   itself�察  �and   was 

fourteen   or   fifteen   days   in   the   passage。   He   avowed   at   his   death   that   he 

entered   the   city   at   noon�察  �and   then   they   uncovered   his   face�察  �and   that   he 

travelled all that day till night through the city�察�and the next day from sun 

rising to sun setting�察�ere he came to the palace of Inga。 After that Martinez 

had lived seven months in Manoa�察�and began to understand the language 

of the country�察�Inga asked him whether he desired to return into his own 

country�察�or would willingly abide with him。 But Martinez�察�not desirous to 

stay�察  �obtained   the   favour   of   Inga   to   depart�察  �with   whom   he   sent   divers 

Guianians   to   conduct   him   to   the   river   of   Orenoque�察  �all   loaden   with   as 

much gold as they could carry�察�which he gave to Martinez at his departure。 

But   when   he   was   arrived   near   the   river's   side�察  �the   borderers   which   are 

called Orenoqueponi ��poni is a Carib postposition meaning ;on;�� robbed 

him and his Guianians of all the treasure ��the borderers being at that time 

at wars�察�which Inga had not conquered�� save only of two great bottles of 

gourds�察  �which   were   filled   with   beads   of   gold   curiously   wrought�察  �which 

those   Orenoqueponi   thought   had   been   no   other   thing   than   his   drink   or 

meat�察�or grain for food�察�with which Martinez had liberty to pass。 And so in 

canoas   he   fell   down   from   the   river   of   Orenoque   to   Trinidad�察  �and   from 

thence to Margarita�察�and so to St。 Juan del Puerto Rico�察�where�察�remaining 

a   long   time   for   passage   into   Spain�察  �he   died。   In   the   time   of   his   extreme 

sickness�察�and when he was without hope of life�察�receiving the sacrament at 

the hands of his confessor�察�he delivered these things�察�with the relation of 

his travels�察�and also called for his calabazas or gourds of the gold beads�察�

which he gave to the church and friars�察�to be prayed for。 

     This Martinez was he that christened the city of Manoa by the name of 

El    Dorado�察    �and�察   �as   Berreo    informed      me�察   �upon    this   occasion�察    �those 

Guianians�察�and also the borderers�察�and all other in that tract which I have 

seen�察�are marvellous great drunkards�察�in which vice I think no nation can 

compare   with   them�察  �and   at   the   times   of   their   solemn   feasts�察  �when   the 

emperor       carouseth     with    his   captains�察    �tributaries�察  �and    governors�察     �the 

manner is thus。 All those that pledge him are first stripped naked and their 

bodies anointed all over with a kind of white balsamum ��by them called 



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curca���察�of which there is great plenty�察�and yet very dear amongst them�察�and 

it is of all other the most precious�察�whereof we have had good experience。 

When they are anointed all over�察�certain servants of the emperor�察�having 

prepared gold made into fine powder�察�blow it through hollow canes upon 

their naked bodies�察�until they be all shining from the foot to the head�察�and 

in   this   sort   they   sit   drinking   by   twenties   and   hundreds�察  �and   continue   in 

drunkenness       sometimes      six  or  seven    days   together。   The    same    is  also 

confirmed   by   a   letter   written   into   Spain   which   was   intercepted�察  �which 

Master Robert Dudley told me he had seen。 Upon this sight�察�and for the 

abundance of gold which he saw in   the city�察�the images of gold in   their 

temples�察  �the   plates�察  �armours�察  �and   shields   of   gold   which   they   use   in   the 

wars�察�he called it El Dorado。 

     After   the death   of   Ordas   and Martinez�察  �and   after   Orellana�察 �who   was 

employed by Gonzalo Pizarro�察�one Pedro de Orsua�察�a knight of Navarre�察�

attempted Guiana�察�taking his way into Peru�察�and built his brigandines upon 

a river called Oia�察�which riseth to the southward of Quito�察�and is very great。 

This    river   falleth  into  Amazons�察     �by   which    Orsua    with   his  companies 

descended�察     �and   came    out   of  that   province    which    is  called   Motilones 

�─�friars;Indians so named from their cropped heads���察�and it seemeth to 

me that this empire is reserved for her Majesty and the English nation�察�by 

reason of the hard   success which all these   and other   Spaniards found in 

attempting the same�察�whereof   I will speak briefly�察�though impertinent   in 

some   sort   to   my   purpose。  This   Pedro   de   Orsua   had   among   his   troops   a 

Biscayan   called Aguirre�察  �a   man   meanly   born�察  �who   bare   no   other   office 

than a sergeant or alferez ��al´faris�察�Arab。horseman�察�mounted officer���此�but 

after   certain   months�察  �when   the   soldiers   were   grieved   with   travels   and 

consumed       with   famine�察   �and    that  no   entrance    could   be   found    by  the 

branches or body of Amazons�察�this Aguirre raised a mutiny�察�of which he 

made himself the head�察�and so prevailed as he put Orsua to the sword and 

all his followers�察�taking on him the whole charge and commandment�察�with 

a purpose not only to make himself emperor of Guiana�察�but also of Peru 

and of all that side of the West Indies。 He had of his party 700 soldiers�察�

and of those many promised to draw in other captains and companies�察�to 

deliver up towns and forts in Peru�察�but neither finding by the said river any 



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passage   into   Guiana�察  �nor   any   possibility   to   return   towards   Peru   by   the 

same Amazons�察  �by   reason   that   the   descent   of   the   river   made   so   great   a 

current�察�he was enforced to disemboque at the mouth of the said Amazons�察�

which     cannot    be   less   than   1��000   leagues     from   the   place   where     they 

embarked。 From thence he coasted the land till he arrived at Margarita to 

the north of Mompatar�察�which is at this day called Puerto de Tyranno�察�for 

that he there slew Don Juan de Villa Andreda�察�Governor of Margarita�察�who 

was father to Don Juan Sarmiento�察�Governor of Margarita when Sir John 

Burgh landed there and attempted the island。 Aguirre put to the sword all 

other in the island that refused to be of his party�察�and took with him certain 

cimarrones ��fugitive slaves�� and other desperate companions。 From thence 

he   went   to   Cumana   and   there   slew   the   governor�察  �and   dealt   in   all   as   at 

Margarita。      He   spoiled    all  the   coast   of  

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