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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及9嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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he   went   to   Cumana   and   there   slew   the   governor�察  �and   dealt   in   all   as   at 

Margarita。      He   spoiled    all  the   coast   of   Caracas    and    the   province    of 

Venezuela and of Rio de la Hacha�察�and�察�as I remember�察�it was the same 

year   that   Sir   John   Hawkins   sailed   to   St。   Juan   de   Ullua   in   the   Jesus   of 

Lubeck�察�for himself told me that he met with such a one upon the coast�察�

that rebelled�察�and had sailed down all the river of Amazons。 Aguirre from 

thence landed   about   Santa   Marta   and   sacked it   also�察 �putting   to   death   so 

many as refused to be his followers�察�purposing to invade Nuevo Reyno de 

Granada and to sack Pamplona�察�Merida�察�Lagrita�察�Tunja�察�and the rest of the 

cities of Nuevo Reyno�察�and from thence again to enter Peru�察�but in a fight 

in   the   said   Nuevo   Reyno   he   was   overthrown�察  �and�察  �finding   no   way   to 

escape�察  �he   first   put   to   the   sword   his   own   children�察  �foretelling   them   that 

they should not live to be defamed or upbraided by the Spaniards after his 

death�察�who would have termed them the children of a traitor or tyrant�察�and 

that�察�sithence he could not make them princes�察�he would yet deliver them 

from   shame   and   reproach。   These   were   the   ends   and   tragedies   of   Ordas�察�

Martinez�察  �Orellana�察  �Orsua�察  �and Aguirre。 Also   soon   after   Ordas   followed 

Jeronimo Ortal de Saragosa�察�with 130 soldiers�察�who failing his entrance by 

sea�察�was cast with the current on the coast of Paria�察�and peopled about S。 

Miguel      de  Neveri。    It  was    then   attempted     by   Don    Pedro    de   Silva�察  �a 

Portuguese of the family of Ruy Gomez de Silva�察�and by the favour which 

Ruy Gomez had with the king he was set out。 But he also shot wide of the 

mark�察�for being departed from Spain with his fleet�察�he entered by Maranon 



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or Amazons�察�where by the nations of the river and by the Amazons�察�he was 

utterly   overthrown�察  �and   himself   and   all   his   army   defeated�察  �only   seven 

escaped�察�and of those but two returned。 

     After him came Pedro Hernandez de Serpa�察�and landed at Cumana�察�in 

the West Indies�察�taking his journey by land towards Orenoque�察�which may 

be some 120 leagues�察�but ere he came to the borders of the said river�察�he 

was set upon by a nation of the Indians�察�called Wikiri�察�and overthrown in 

such sort�察�that of 300 soldiers�察�horsemen�察�many Indians�察�and negroes�察�there 

returned   but   eighteen。   Others   affirm   that   he   was   defeated   in   the   very 

entrance      of   Guiana�察    �at  the   first   civil  town     of   the   empire     called 

Macureguarai。 Captain Preston�察�in taking Santiago de Leon ��which was by 

him and his companies very resolutely performed�察�being a great town�察�and 

far within the land�� held a gentleman prisoner�察�who died in his ship�察�that 

was one of the company of Hernandez de Serpa�察�and saved among those 

that   escaped�察  �who   witnessed   what   opinion   is   held   among   the   Spaniards 

thereabouts of the great riches of Guiana�察�and El Dorado�察�the city of Inga。 

Another   Spaniard   was   brought   aboard   me   by  Captain   Preston�察  �who   told 

me in the hearing of himself and divers other gentlemen�察�that he met with 

Berreo's     campmaster       at  Caracas�察   �when    he   came    from    the  borders    of 

Guiana�察  �and   that   he   saw   with   him   forty   of   most   pure   plates   of   gold�察�

curiously   wrought�察  �and   swords   of   Guiana   decked   and   inlaid   with   gold�察�

feathers garnished with gold�察�and divers rarities�察�which he carried to the 

Spanish king。 

     After Hernandez de Serpa�察�it was undertaken by the Adelantado�察�Don 

Gonzalez       Ximenes     de   Quesada�察    �who    was    one   of  the   chiefest   in  the 

conquest   of     Nuevo     Reyno�察  �whose      daughter    and   heir  Don    Antonio     de 

Berreo   married。   Gonzalez   sought         the   passage   also   by   the   river  called 

Papamene�察  �which   riseth   by   Quito�察  �in   Peru�察  �and   runneth   south´east   100 

leagues�察�and then falleth into Amazons。 But he also�察�failing the entrance�察�

returned with the loss of much labour and cost。 I took one Captain George�察�

a Spaniard�察�that followed Gonzalez in this enterprise。 Gonzalez gave his 

daughter to Berreo�察�taking his oath and honour to follow the enterprise to 

the last of his substance and life。 Who since�察�as he hath sworn to me�察�hath 

spent 300��000 ducats in the same�察�and yet never could enter so far into the 



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land as myself with that poor troop�察�or rather a handful of men�察�being in all 

about 100 gentlemen�察�soldiers�察�rowers�察�boat´keepers�察�boys�察�and of all sorts�察�

neither    could    any   of   the  forepassed     undertakers�察    �nor   Berreo    himself�察�

discover the country�察�till now lately by conference with an ancient king�察�

called Carapana ��Caribana�察�Carib land�察�was an old European name for the 

Atlantic   coast near   the   mouth of   the   Orinoco�察 �and   hence   was   applied   to 

one of its chiefs。 Berrio called this district ;Emeria;���察�he got the true light 

thereof。 For   Berreo   came about   1��500   miles   ere he understood aught�察 �or 

could     find  any   passage     or  entrance    into  any   part   thereof�察  �yet  he   had 

experience of all these fore´named�察�and divers others�察�and was persuaded 

of   their   errors   and   mistakings。   Berreo   sought   it   by   the   river   Cassanar�察�

which   falleth   into   a   great   river   called   Pato�此  �Pato   falleth   into   Meta�察  �and 

Meta into Baraquan�察�which is also called Orenoque。 He took his journey 

from Nuevo Reyno de Granada�察�where he dwelt�察�having the inheritance of 

Gonzalez   Ximenes   in   those   parts�察  �he   was   followed   with   700   horse�察  �he 

drove with him 1��000 head of cattle�察�he had also many women�察�Indians�察�

and slaves。 How all these rivers cross and encounter�察�how the country lieth 

and is bordered�察�the passage of Ximenes and Berreo�察�mine own discovery�察�

and the way that I entered�察�with all the rest of the nations and rivers�察�your 

lordship shall receive in a large chart or map�察�which I have not yet finished�察�

and which I shall most humbly pray your lordship to secrete�察�and not to 

suffer   it   to   pass   your   own   hands�察  �for   by   a   draught   thereof   all   may   be 

prevented by other nations�察�for I know it is this very year sought by the 

French�察�although by the way that they now take�察�I fear it not much。 It was 

also   told   me   ere   I   departed   England�察  �that   Villiers�察  �the   Admiral�察  �was   in 

preparation for the planting of Amazons�察�to which river the French have 

made divers voyages�察�and returned much gold and other rarities。 I spake 

with a captain of a French ship that came from thence�察�his ship riding in 

Falmouth the same year that my ships came first from Virginia�察�there was 

another   this   year   in   Helford�察  �that   also   came   from   thence�察  �and   had   been 

fourteen months at an anchor in Amazons�察�which were both very rich。 

     Although�察�as I am persuaded�察�Guiana cannot be entered that way�察�yet 

no doubt the trade of gold from thence passeth by branches of rivers into 

the river of Amazons�察�and so it doth on every hand far from the country 



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itself�察�for those Indians of Trinidad have plates of gold from Guiana�察�and 

those cannibals of Dominica which dwell in the islands by which our ships 

pass   yearly   to   the   West   Indies�察  �also   the   Indians   of   Paria�察  �those   Indians 

called    Tucaris�察   �Chochi�察   �Apotomios�察   �

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