phenomenology of mind-第149章

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yet　reverted　to　spirit。　It　is　merely　the　conception；　the　principle；　of　religion　that　is　established　at　first。
In　this　the　essential　element　is　self…consciousness；　which　is　conscious　of　being　all　truth；　and　which
contains　all　reality　within　that　truth。　This　self…consciousness；　being　consciousness　＇and　so　aware　of
an　object＇；　has　itself　for　its　object。　Spirit；　which　knows　itself　in　the　first　instance　immediately；　is
thus　to　itself　spirit　in　the　form　of　immediacy；　and　the　specific　character　of　the　shape　in　which　it
appears　to　itself　is　that　of　pure　simple　being。　This　being；　this　bare　existence；　has　indeed　a　filling
drawn　neither　from　sensation　or　manifold　matter；　nor　from　any　other　one…sided　moments；
purposes；　and　determinations；　its　filling　is　solely　spirit；　and　is　known　by　itself　to　be　all　truth　and
reality。　Such　filling　is　in　this　first　form　not　in　adequate　agreement　with　its　own　shape；　spirit　qua
ultimate　essence　is　not　in　accord　with　its　consciousness。　It　is　actual　only　as　Absolute　Spirit；　when　it
is　also　for　itself　in　its　truth　as　it　is　in　its　certainty　of　itself；　or；　when　the　extremes；　into　which　spirit
qua　consciousness　falls；　exist　for　one　another　in　spiritual　shape。　The　embodiment　adopted　by　spirit
qua　object　of　its　own　consciousness；　remains　filled　by　the　certainty　of　spirit；　and　this　self…certainty
constitutes　its　substance。　Through　this　content；　the　degrading　of　the　object　to　bare　objectivity；　to
the　form　of　something　that　negates　self…consciousness；　disappears。　The　immediate　unity　of　spirit
with　itself　is　the　fundamental　basis；　or　pure　consciousness；　inside　which　consciousness　breaks　up
into　its　constituent　elements　＇viz。　an　object　with　subject　over　against　it＇。　In　this　way；　shut　up　within
its　pure　self…consciousness；　spirit　does　not　exist　in　religion　as　the　creator　of　a　nature　in　general；
rather　what　it　produces　in　the　course　of　this　process　are　its　shapes　qua　spirits；　which　together
constitute　all　that　it　can　reveal　when　it　is　completely　manifested。　And　this　process　itself　is　the
development　of　its　perfect　and　complete　actuality　through　the　individual　aspects　thereof；　i。e。
through　its　imperfect　modes　of　realization。

The　first　realization　of　spirit　is　just　the　principle　and　notion　of　religion　itself…religion　as　immediate
and　thus　Natural　Religion。　Here　spirit　knows　itself　as　its　object　in　a　〃natural〃　or　immediate　shape。
The　second　realization；　is；　however；　necessarily　that　of　knowing　itself　in　the　shape　of　transcended
and　superseded　natural　existence；　i。e。　in　the　form　of　self。　This　therefore　is　Religion　in　the　form　of
Art。　For　the　shape　it　adopts　is　raised　to　the　form　of　self　through　the　productive　activity　of
consciousness；　by　which　this　consciousness　beholds　in　its　object　its　own　action；　i。e。　sees　the　self。
The　third　realization；　finally；　cancels　the　one…sidedness　of　the　first　two：　the　self　is　as　much　as
immediate　self　as　the　immediacy　is　a　self。　If　spirit　in　the　first　is　in　the　form　of　consciousness；　and　in
the　second　in　that　of　self…consciousness；　it　is　in　the　third　in　the　form　of　the　unity　of　both；　it　has　then
the　shape　of　what　is　completely　self…contained　（An…und…Fürsichseyns）；　and　in　being　thus
presented　as　it　is　in　and　for　itself；　this　is　Revealed　Religion。　Although　spirit；　however；　here　reaches
its　true　shape；　the　very　shape　assumed　and　the　conscious　presentation　are　an　aspect　or　phase　still
unsurmounted；　and　from　this　spirit　has　to　pass　over　into　the　life　of　the　Notion；　in　order　therein
completely　to　resolve　the　form　of　objectivity；　in　the　notion　which　embraces　within　itself　this　its　own
opposite。

It　is　then　that　spirit　has　grasped　its　own　principle；　the　notion　of　itself；　as　so　far　only　we　＇who
analyse　spirit＇　have　grasped　it；　and　its　shape；　the　element　of　its　existence；　in　being　the　notion；　is
then　spirit　itself。



　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　



1。　Vorstellung。　

2。　Begriff。　





A
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Natural　Religion　（1）

SPIRIT　knowing　spirit　is　consciousness　of　itself；　and　is　to　itself　in　the　form　of　objectivity。　It　is；　and
is　at　the　same　time　self…existence　（Fürsichsein）。　It　is　for　itself；　it　is　the　aspect　of
self…consciousness；　and　is　so　in　contrast　to　the　aspect　of　its　consciousness；　the　aspect　by　which　it
relates　itself　to　itself　as　object。　In　its　consciousness　there　is　the　opposition　and　in　consequence　the
determinateness　of　the　form　in　which　it　appears　to　itself　and　knows　itself。　It　is　with　this
determinateness　of　shape　that　we　have　alone　to　do　in　considering　religion；　for　its　essential
unembodied　principle；　its　pure　notion；　has　already　come　to　light。　The　distinction　of　consciousness
and　self…consciousness；　however；　falls　at　the　same　time　within　this　notion。　The　form　or　shape　of
religion　does　not　contain　the　existence　of　spirit　in　the　sense　of　its　being　nature　detached　and　free
from　thought；　nor　in　the　sense　of　its　being　thought　detached　from　existence。　The　shape　assumed　by
religion　is　existence　contained　and　preserved　in　thought　as　well　as　a　something　thought　which　is
consciously　existent。

It　is　by　the　determinate　character　of　this　form；　in　which　spirit　knows　itself；　that　one　religion　is
distinguished　from　another。　But　we　have　at　the　same　time　to　note　that　the　systematic　exposition　of
this　knowledge　about　itself；　in　terms　of　this　individual　specific　character；　does　not　as　a　fact　exhaust
the　whole　nature　of　an　actual　religion。　The　series　of　different　religions；　which　will　come　before　us；
just　as　much　sets　forth　again　merely　the　different　aspects　of　a　single　religion；　and　indeed　of　every
single　religion；　and　the　imagery；　the　conscious　ideas；　which　seem　to　mark　off　one　concrete　religion
from　another；　make　their　appearance　in　each。　All　the　same　the　diversity　must　also　be　looked　at　as
a　diversity　of　religion。　For　while　spirit　lives　in　the　distinction　of　its　consciousness　and　its
self…consciousness；　the　process　it　goes　through　finds　its　goal　in　the　transcendence　of　this
fundamental　distinction　and　in　giving　the　form　of　self…consciousness　to　the　given　shape　which　is
object　of　consciousness。　This　distinction；　however；　is　not　eo　ipso　transcended　by　the　fact　that　the
shapes；　which　that　consciousness　contains；　have　also　the　moments　of　self　in　them；　and　that　God　is
presented　as　self…consciousness。　The　consciously　presented　self　is　not　the　actual　concrete　self。　In
order　that　this；　like　every　other　more　specific　determination　of　the　shape；　may　in　truth　belong　to
this　shape；　it　has　partly　to　be　put　into　this　shape　by　the　action　of　self…consciousness；　and　partly　the
lower　determination　must　show　itself　to　be　cancelled　and　transcended　and　comprehended　by　the
higher。　For　what　is　consciously　presented　（vorgestellt）　only　ceases　to　be　something　〃presented〃
and　alien　to　spirit's　knowledge；　by　the　self　having　produced　it；　and　so　viewing　the　determination　of
the　object　as　its　own　determination；　and　hence　seeing　itself　in　that　object。　By　this　operation；　the
lower　determination　＇that　of　being　something　〃presented〃＇　has　at　once　vanished；　for　doing　anything
is　a　negative　process　which　is　carried　through　at　the　expense　of　something　else。　So　far　as　that
lower　determination　still　continues　to　appear；　it　has　withdrawn　into　the　condition　of　unessentiality：
just　as；　on　the　other　hand；　where　the　lower　still　predominates；　while　the　higher　is　also　present；　the
one

coexists　in　a　self…less　way　alongside　of　the　other。　While；　therefore；　the　various　ideas　falling　within　a
single　religion　no　doubt　exhibit　the　whole　course　taken　by　the　forms　of　religion；　the　character　of
each　is　determined　by　the　particular　unity　of　consciousness　and　self…consciousness；　that　is　to　say；
by　the　fact　that　the　self…consciousness　has　taken　into　itself　the　determination　belonging　to　the
object　of　consciousness；　has；　by　its　own　action；　made　that　determination　altogether　its　own；　and
knows　it　to　be　the　essential　one　as　compared　with　the　others。

The　truth　of　belief　in　a　given　determination　of　the　religious　spirit　shows　itself　in　this；　that　the　actual
spirit　is　constituted　after　the　same　manner　as　the　shape　in　which　spirit　beholds　itself　in　religion；　thus
e。g。　the　incarnation　of　God；　which　is　found　in　Eastern　religion；　has　no　truth；　because　the　concrete