scientific secrets-及11嫗
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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
Melt together 40。4 parts of copper�察�31。6 parts of nickel�察�25。4 of zinc�察�
and 2。6 of iron。
159。 MANHEIM GOLD
Melt together 3 parts copper�察�1 of zinc�察�and a little tin。
160。 TOMBACK�察�OR RED BRASS
Melt together 8 parts of copper�察�and 1 part of zinc。
161。 IMITATION GOLD
Take of platina 8 parts�察�of silver 4 parts�察�copper 12 parts�察�melt all
together。
162。 IMITATION SILVER
Take of block tin 100 parts�察�metallic antimony 8 parts�察�bismuth 1 part�察�
and 4 parts of copper�察�melt all together。
163。 TRUE IMITATION OF GOLD
Dr。 Harmsteadt's imitation of gold�察�which is stated not only to resemble
gold in colour�察�but also in specific gravity and ductility�察�consists of 16
parts of platinum�察�7 parts of copper�察�and 1 of zinc�察�put in a crucible�察�
covered with charcoal powder�察�and melted into a mass。
164。 TRUE IMITATION OF SILVER
Imitation of pure silver�察�so perfect in its resemblance that no chemist
living can tell it from pure virgin silver。 It was obtained from a German
chemist now dead�察�he used it for unlawful purposes to the amount of
thousands�察�and yet the metal is so perfect that he was never discovered。
It is all melted together in a crucible�察�here it is�此�1/4 oz。 of copper�察�2
oz。 of brass�察�3 oz。 of pure silver�察�1 oz。 of bismuth�察�2 ozs。 of saltpetre�察�
2 ozs。 of common salt�察�1 oz。 of arsenic�察�and 1 oz。 of potash。
165。 MOULDS AND DIES
Take copper�察�zinc�察�and silver�察�in equal proportions�察�and melt them
together�察�and mould into the forms you desire�察�and bring the same to a
nearly white heat�察�now lay on the thing that you would take the impression
of�察�and press it with sufficient force�察�and you will find that you have a
perfect and beautiful impression。 All of the above metals should be melted
under a coat of powdered charcoal。
166。 TO SOFTEN HORN
To 1 lb。 of wood ashes�察�add 2 lbs。 of quicklime�察�put them into a quart of
water�察�let the whole boil till reduced to one third�察�then dip a feather
in�察�and if�察�on drawing it out�察�the plume should come off�察�it is a proof
that it is boiled enough�察�if not�察�let it boil a little longer�察�when it is
settled filter it off�察�and in the liquor thus strained put in shavings of
horn�察�let them soak for three days�察�and�察�first anointing your hands with
oil�察�work the horn into a mass�察�and print or mould it into any shape you
please。
167。 TO MAKE MOULDS OF HORN
If you wish to take the impression of any coin�察�medal�察�&c。�察�previously
anoint it with oil�察�then lay the horn shavings over it in its softened
state�察�when dry the impression will be sunk into the horn�察�and this will
serve as a mould to reproduce�察�either by plaster of Paris�察�putty and glue�察�
or isinglass and ground egg shells�察�the exact resemblance of the coin or
medal。
168。 TO CASE FIGURES IN IMITATION OF IVORY
Make isinglass and strong brandy into a paste�察�with powder of egg shells�察�
very finely ground�察�you may give it what colour you please�察�but cast it
warm into your mould�察�which you previously oil over�察�leave the figure in
the mould till dry�察�and you will find�察�on taking it out�察�that it bears a
very strong resemblance to ivory。
169。 TRUE GOLD POWDER
Put some gold leaf�察�with a little honey or thick gum water�察。�whenever I
speak of gum I mean gum arabic�撮� into an earthen mortar�察�and pound the
mixture till the gold is reduced to very small particles�察�then wash out
the honey or gum repeatedly with warm water�察�and the gold will be left
behind in a state of powder�察�which�察�when dried�察�is fit for use。
170。 TRUE GOLD POWDER
Another�察�and perhaps better method of preparing gold powder is to heat a
prepared amalgam of gold in a clean open crucible�察。�an amalgam of any
metal is formed by a mixture of quicksilver with that metal�� continuing a
very strong heat till all the mercury has evaporated�察�stirring the amalgam
all the while with a glass rod�察�when the mercury has entirely left the
gold�察�grind the remainder in a Wedgewood's mortar�察�with a little water�察�
and when dried it will be fit for use。 The subliming the mercury is�察�
however�察�a process injurious to the health。
171。 COLOUR HEIGHTENING COMPOSITIONS
For yellow gold�察�dissolve in water 6 ozs。 of saltpetre�察�2 ozs。 of
copperas�察�1 oz。 of white vitriol�察�and 1 oz。 of alum。 If wanted redder�察�add
a small portion of blue vitriol。
172。 FOR GREEN GOLD
Dissolve in water a mixture consisting of 1 1/2 oz。 of saltpetre�察�vitriol
and sal´ammoniac�察�1 1/4 oz。 of each�察�and 1 oz。 verdigris。
173。 FOR RED GOLD
Take 1 1/2 oz。 of red ochre in fine powder�察�the same quantity of calcined
verdigris�察�1/2 oz。 of calcined borax�察�and 4 oz。 of melted yellow wax�察�the
verdigris must be calcined�察�or else�察�by the heat applied in melting the
wax�察�the vinegar becomes so concentrated as to corrode the surface�察�and
make it appear speckled。 These last three are colours for heightening
compositions。
174。 MOSAIC GOLD
Mosaic gold�察�or aurum mosaicum�察�is used for inferior articles。 It is
prepared in the following manner�此�1 lb。 of tin is melted in a crucible�察�
and 1/2 lb。 of purified quicksilver added to it�察�when this mixture is
cold�察�it is reduced to powder�察�and ground with 1/2 lb。 of sal ammoniac�察�
and 7 ozs。 of flower of sulphur�察�till the whole is thoroughly mixed�察�they
are then calcined in a mattrass�察�and the sublimation of the other
ingredients leaves the tin converted into the aurum mosaicum�察�which is
found at the bottom of the glass�察�like a mass of bright flakey gold
powder。 Should any black or discoloured particles appear�察�they must be
removed。 The sal´ammoniac used here must be very white and clear�察�and the
mercury quite pure and unadulterated。 When a shade of deeper red is
required�察�it can easily be obtained by grinding a very small quantity of
red lead along with the above materials。
175。 DUTCH OR GERMAN GOLD
A gilding powder is sometimes made from Dutch gold�察�which is sold in books
at a very low price。 This is treated in the same way as the real gold leaf
in making the true gold powder。 It is necessary�察�when this inferior powder
is used�察�to cover the gilding with a coat of clear varnish�察�otherwise it
soon loses its metallic appearance。 The same remark applies�察�though to a
less degree�察�to Mosaic gilding。
176。 COPPER POWDER
This is prepared by dissolving filings or slips of copper with nitrous
acid in a receiver。 When the acid is saturated�察�the slips are to be
removed�察�or�察�if filings be employed�察�the solution is to be poured off from
what remains undissolved�察�small bars are then put in�察�which will
precipitate the copper from the saturated acid�察�in a powder of the
peculiar appearance and colour of copper�察�and the liquid being poured from
the powder�察�this is to be washed clean of the crystals by repeated
levigations。
177。 COMMON SIZE
The size used by painters for most sorts of common work is prepared by
boiling in water pieces of parchment�察�and of the skins of animals and fins
of fish�察�and evaporating the solution to a proper consistency。 It only
differs�察�however�察�from a solution of glue containing fewer foreign
ingredients�察�and in not being so strong。
178。 DR。 JOHN'S VARNISH FOR PLASTER OF PARIS CASTS
Take of white soap and white wax�察�each half an ounce�察�of water two pints�察�
boil them together for a short time in a clean vessel。 This varnish is to
be applied when cold�察�by means of a soft brush。 It does not sink in�察�it
readily dries�察�and its effect may be heightened by lightly using a silk
pocket handkerchief。
179。 GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR BRONZING
This art is nothing but a species of painting�察�but far from being of the
most delicate kind。 The principal ingredients made use of in it are the
true gold powder�察�the German gold�察�the aurum mosaicum�察�and copper powder�察�
��all above described。�� The choice of t