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master  would   care   to   keep�拭  �For   who   would   care   to   have  in   his   house   a 

fellow with so slight a disposition to work and so strong a propensity to 

extravagance�拭  �Suppose   we   stop   and   consider   that   very   point�此  �how   do 

masters deal with that sort of domestic�拭�If I am not mistaken�察�they chastise 

his   wantonness   by   starvation�察  �they   balk   his   thieving   tendencies   by   bars 

and bolts where there is anything to steal�察�they hinder him from running 

away by bonds and imprisonment�察�they drive the sluggishness out of him 

with the lash。 Is it not so�拭�Or how do you proceed when you discover the 

like tendency in one of your domestics�拭�

     ��18�А�Or�察 �Well foiled� ─ �A masterly fall� �my prince of wrestlers。; 

     ��19�А  �For   these   mythical   highway   robbers�察  �see   Diod。   iv。   59�察  �and   for 

Sciron in particular�察�Plut。 ;Theseus�察─�10。 



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     ��20�А�Or�察 �where so many suffer wrong。; 

     Ar。 I correct them  with all the   plagues�察�till I force them to serve   me 

properly。 But�察�Socrates�察�to return to your pupil educated in the royal art�撮�21�А�

which�察�if I mistake not�察�you hold to be happiness�此�how�察�may I ask�察�will he 

be better off than others who lie in evil case�察�in spite of themselves�察�simply 

because they suffer perforce�察�but in his case the hunger and the thirst�察�the 

cold shivers   and   the   lying   awake   at   nights�察  �with   all   the   changes   he   will 

ring   on   pain�察  �are   of   his   own   choosing�拭  �For   my   part   I   cannot   see   what 

difference   it   makes�察  �provided   it   is   one   and   the   same   bare   back   which 

receives   the   stripes�察  �whether   the   whipping   be   self´appointed   or   unasked 

for�察  �nor   indeed   does   it   concern   my   body   in   general�察  �provided   it   be   my 

body�察�whether I am beleaguered by a whole armament of such evils��22�А�of 

my own will or against my willexcept only for the folly which attaches 

to self´ appointed suffering。 

     ��21�А  �Cf。   below�察  �IV。   ii。   11�察  �Plat。   ;Statesm。;   259   B�察   �Euthyd。;   291   C�察�

K。     Joel�察  �op。   cit。   p。  387     foll。  ;Aristippus      anticipates     Adeimantus; 

�─�Rep。; 419���察�W。 L。 Newman�察�op。 cit。 i。 395。 

     ��22�А�Cf。 ;suffers the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune。; 

     Soc。 What�察�Aristippus�察 �does   it   not   seem  to   you   that�察 �as   regards   such 

matters�察    �there   is  all  the  difference     between     voluntary   and     involuntary 

suffering�察  �in   that   he   who   starves   of   his   own   accord   can   eat   when   he 

chooses�察�and he who thirsts of his own free will can drink�察�and so for the 

rest�察  �but   he   who   suffers   in   these   ways   perforce   cannot   desist   from   the 

suffering   when   the   humour   takes   him�拭  �Again�察  �he   who   suffers   hardship 

voluntarily�察�gaily confronts his troubles�察�being buoyed on hope��23��just as 

a hunter   in pursuit   of wild   beasts�察 �through hope of   capturing his   quarry�察�

finds toil a pleasureand these are but prizes of little worth in return for 

their labours�察�but what shall we say of their reward who toil to obtain to 

themselves       good    friends�察  �or   to  subdue     their  enemies�察    �or   that  through 

strength   of   body   and   soul   they   may   administer   their   households   well�察�

befriend their friends�察�and benefit the land which gave them birth�拭�Must 

we  not   suppose   that   these   too   will   take   their  sorrows   lightly�察  �looking   to 

these  high   ends�拭  �Must   we   not   suppose  that   they   too   will   gaily   confront 



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existence�察�who have to support them not only their conscious virtue�察�but 

the   praise   and   admiration   of   the   world�殖�24�А  �And   once   more�察  �habits   of 

indolence�察�along with the fleeting pleasures of the moment�察�are incapable�察�

as   gymnastic   trainers   say�察  �of   setting   up��25�А  �a   good   habit   of   body�察  �or   of 

implanting   in   the   soul   any   knowledge   worthy   of   account�察  �whereas   by 

painstaking endeavour in the pursuit of high and noble deeds�察�as good men 

tell us�察�through endurance we shall in the end attain the goal。 So Hesiod 

somewhere says�今�26�А�

           Wickedness may a man take wholesale with ease�察�smooth is the 

way          and   her  dwelling´place   is   very  nigh�察  �but   in   front   of   virtue   the 

immortal gods have placed toil and sweat�察�long is the path and                        steep 

that leads to her�察�and rugged at the first�察�but when the                   summit of the 

pass is reached�察�then for all its roughness the path                 grows easy。 

     ��23�А�Cf。 above�察�I。 vi。 8。 

     ��24�А  �Or�察   �in   admiration   of   themselves�察  �the   praise   and   envy   of   the 

world at large。; 

     ��25�А�See Hippocrates�察 �V。 Med。; 18。 

     ��26�А�Hesiod�察 �Works and Days�察─�285。 See Plat。 ;Prot。; 340 C�察 �Rep。; 

ii。 364 D�察 �Laws�察─�iv。 718 E。 

     And Ephicharmus��27�А�bears his testimony when he says�此�

           The gods sell us all good things in return for our labours。 

     ��27�А�Epicharmus of Cos�察�the chief comic poet among the Dorians�察�fl。 

500 B。C。 Cf。 Plat。 ;Theaet。; 152 E�察 �the prince of comedy;�察                        �Gorg。; 

505 D。 

     And again in another passage he exclaims�此�

           Set   not   thine   heart   on   soft   things�察  �thou   knave�察  �lest   thou   light 

upon the hard。 

     And     that  wise   man    Prodicus��28�А     �delivers   himself    in  a   like  strain 

concerning virtue in that composition of his about Heracles�察�which crowds 

have listened to。��29�А�This�察�as far as I can recollect it�察�is the substance at 

least of what he says�此�

     ��28�А  �Prodicus     of  Ceos。    See   Plat。  ;Men。;     24�察  �Cratyl。;    1�察 �Philostr。 

;Vit。 Soph。; i。 12。 



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     ��29�А  �Or�察   �which   he   is   fond   of   reciting   as   a   specimen   of   style。;   The 

title of the ��epideixis�� was ��'Orai�� according to Suidas�察                     。�Prodikos��。 

     ;When Heracles was emerging from boyhood into the bloom of youth�察�

having reached that season in which the young man�察�now standing upon 

the verge of independence�察�shows plainly whether he will enter upon the 

path of virtue or of vice�察�he went forth into a quiet place�察�and sat debating 

with himself which of those two paths he should pursue�察�and as he there 

sat musing�察�there appeared to him two women of great stature which drew 

nigh   to   him。   The   one   was   fair   to   look   upon�察  �frank   and   free   by   gift   of 

nature�撮�30�А�her limbs adorned with purity and her eyes with bashfulness�察�

sobriety set the rhythm of her gait�察�and she was clad in white apparel。 The 

other was of a different type�察�the fleshy softness of her limbs betrayed her 

nurture�察�while the complexion of her skin was embellished that she might 

appear whiter and rosier than she really was�察�and her figure that she might 

seem taller than nature made her�察�she stared with wide´open eyes�察�and the 

raiment wherewith she was clad served but to reveal the ripeness of her 

bloom。 With frequent glances she surveyed her person�察�or looked to see if 

others   noticed   her�察  �while   ever   and      anon   she   fixed   her   gaze   upon     the 

shadow of herself intently。 

     ��30�А    �Reading       ��eleutherion      phusei�察     �   。  。��   or    if  ��eleutherion�察�

phusei 。 。 。�� translate ;nature had adorned her limbs 。 。 。; 

     ;Now when these two had drawn near to Heracles�察�she who was first 

named   advanced   at   an   even   pace��31�А  �towards   him�察  �but   the

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