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generalship a comrade to the greatest captains of his age。; 

     Soc。   But   in   reference   to   the   point   we   were   discussing�察  �may   I   ask 

whether you know of any one who can attach a useful friend to himself 

without   being   of   use   in   return�殖�14�А  �Can   service   ally   in   friendship   with 

disservice�拭�

     ��14�А�Add�察 �Can service ally in friendship with disservice�拭�Must there 

not be a reciprocity of service to make friendship lasting�拭─�

     Cri。 In good sooth no。 But now�察�granted it is impossible for a base man 

to be friends with the beautiful and noble�撮�14�А�I am concerned at once to 

discover if one who is himself of a beautiful and noble character can�察�with 

a wave of the hand�察�as it were�察�attach himself in friendship to every other 

beautiful and noble nature。 

     ��14�А。�kalous kagathous��。 

     Soc。 What perplexes and confounds you�察�Critobulus�察�is the fact that so 

often    men    of  noble    conduct�察   �with   souls   aloof   from   baseness�察    �are  not 

friends   but   rather   at   strife   and   discord   with   one   another�察  �and   deal   more 

harshly by one another than they would by the most good´for´ nothing of 

mankind。 

     Cri。 Yes�察�and this holds true not of private persons only�察�but states�察�the 

most   eager   to   pursue   a   noble   policy   and   to   repudiate   a   base   one�察  �are 

frequently in hostile relation   to one another。 As   I reason on these  things 

my heart fails me�察�and the question�察�how friends are to be acquired�察�fills 

me   with    despondency。       The   bad�察  �as   I   see�察 �cannot   be  friends   with  one 

another。 For how can such people�察�the ungrateful�察�or reckless�察�or covetous�察�

or faithless�察�or incontinent�察�adhere together as friends�拭�Without hesitation I 

set   down     the  bad   as  born   to  be   foes   not  friends�察  �and   as  bearing    the 

birthmark of internecine hate。 But then again�察�as you suggest�察�no more can 

these same people harmonise in friendship with the good。 For how should 

they who do evil be friends with those who hate all evil´doing�拭�And if�察�last 

of all�察�they that cultivate virtue are torn by party strife in their struggle for 

the headship of the states�察�envying one another�察�hating one another�察�who 

are   left   to   be   friends�拭  �where   shall   goodwill   and   faithfulness   be   found 

among men�拭�



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     Soc。 The fact is there is some subtlety in the texture of these things。��15�А�

Seeds   of   love   are   implanted   in   man   by   nature。   Men   have   need   of   one 

another�察�feel pity�察�help each other by united efforts�察�and in recognition of 

the fact show mutual gratitude。 But there are seeds of war implanted also。 

The   same   objects   being   regarded   as   beautiful   or   agreeable   by   all   alike�察�

they do battle for their possession�察�a spirit of disunion��16�А�enters�察�and the 

parties   range   themselves   in   adverse   camps。   Discord   and   anger   sound   a 

note   of   war�此  �the   passion   of   more´   having�察  �staunchless   avarice�察  �threatens 

hostility�察�and envy is a hateful fiend。��17�А�

     ��15�А�i。e。 a cunning intertwining of the threads of warp and woof。 

     ��16�А�Cf。 Shelley�察 �The devil of disunion in their souls。; 

     ��17�А�The diction is poetical。 

     But   nevertheless�察  �through   all   opposing   barriers   friendship   steals   her 

way and binds together the beautiful and good among mankind。��18�А�Such 

is their virtue that they would rather possess scant means painlessly than 

wield an empire won by war。 In spite of hunger and thirst they will share 

their meat and drink without a pang。 Not bloom of lusty youth�察�nor love's 

delights can warp their self´control�察�nor will they be tempted to cause pain 

where pain should be unknown。 It is theirs not merely to eschew all greed 

of riches�察�not merely to make a just and lawful distribution of wealth�察�but 

to   supply   what   is   lacking   to   the   needs   of   one   another。   Theirs   it   is   to 

compose   strife   and   discord   not   in   painless   oblivion   simply�察  �but   to   the 

general   advantage。   Theirs   also   to   hinder   such   extravagance   of   anger   as 

shall   entail   remorse   hereafter。   And   as   to   envy   they   will   make   a   clean 

sweep and clearance of it�此�the good things which a man possesses shall be 

also the property of his friends�察�and the goods which they possess are to be 

looked upon as his。 Where then is the improbability that the beautiful and 

noble should be sharers in the honours��19�А�of the state not only without 

injury�察�but even to their mutual advantage�拭�

     ��18�А�Or�察�as we say�察 �the elite of human kind。; 

     ��19�А �And the offices。; 

     They indeed who covet and desire the honours and offices in a state 

for   the   sake   of   the   liberty   thereby   given   them   to   embezzle   the   public 



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moneys�察�to deal violently by their fellow´creatures�察�and to batten in luxury 

themselves�察      �may    well   be   regarded     as   unjust   and    villainous    persons 

incapable of harmony with one another。 But if a man desire to obtain these 

selfsame honours in order that�察�being himself secure against wrong´doing�察�

he may be able to assist his friends in what is right�察�and�察�raised to a high 

position�撮�20�А�may essay to confer some blessing on the land of his fathers�察�

what is there to hinder him from working in harmony with some other of a 

like spirit�拭�Will he�察�with the ;beautiful and noble; at his side�察�be less able 

to aid his friends�拭�or will his power to benfit the community be shortened 

because   the   flower   of   that   community   are   fellow´workers   in   that   work�拭�

Why�察�even in the contests of the games it is obvious that if it were possible 

for   the   stoutest   combatants   to   combine   against   the   weakest�察  �the   chosen 

band   would   come   off   victors   in   every   bout�察  �and   would   carry   off   all   the 

prizes。 This indeed is against the rules of the actual arena�察�but in the field 

of politics�察�where the beautiful and good hold empery�察�and there is nought 

to   hinder   any   from   combining   with   whomsoever   a   man   may   choose   to 

benefit the state�察�it will be a clear gain�察�will it not�察�for any one engaged in 

state    affairs  to  make     the  best   men    his  friends�察  �whereby      he  will   find 

partners   and   co´operators   in   his   aims   instead   of   rivals   and   antagonists�拭�

And this at least is obvious�此�in case of foreign war a man will need allies�察�

but all the more if in the ranks opposed to him should stand the flower of 

the enemy。��21�А�Moreover�察�those who are willing to fight your battles must 

be kindly  dealt with�察 �that   goodwill may  quicken to enthusiasm�察  �and one 

good man��22�А�is better worth your benefiting that a dozen knaves�察�since a 

little kindness goes a long way with the good�察�but with the base the more 

you give them the more they ask for。 

     ��20�А �As archon�察─�or ;raised to rule。; 

     ��21�А�Lit。 ;the beautiful and good。; 

     ��22�А�Or�察  �the best�察�though   few�察�are   better   worth   your   benefiting than 

the many base。; 

     So keep a good heart�察�Critobulus�察�only try to become good yourself�察�

and when you have attained�察�set to your hand to capture the beautiful and 

good。 Perhaps   I  may  be able   to give   you   some help in this   quest�察 �being 



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myself an adept in Love's lore。��23�А�No matter who it is for whom my heart 

is   aflame�察   �in   an  instant   my    whole     soul   is  eager    to  leap   forth。   With 

vehemence I spee

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