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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及21嫗

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following remarks would prove instructive。; 

     Tell me ��said Socrates�察�addressing Critobulus���察�supposing we stood in 

need of a good friend�察�how should we set about his discovery�拭�We must�察�in 

the first place�察�I suppose�察�seek out one who is master of his appetites�察�not 

under the dominion�察�that is�察�of his belly�察�not addicted to the wine´cup or to 

lechery or sleep or idleness�察�since no one enslaved to such tyrants could 

hope to do his duty either by himself or by his friends�察�could he�拭�

     Certainly not ��Critobulus answered��。 

     Soc。 Do you agree�察�then�察�that we must hold aloof from every one so 

dominated�拭�

     Cri。 Most assuredly。 

     Well then   ��proceeded   Socrates���察�what   shall   we say  of   the spendthrift 

who has lost his independence and is for ever begging of his neighbours�察�if 

he gets anything out of them he cannot repay�察�but if he fails to get anything�察�

he   hates   you   for   not   givingdo   you   not   think   that   this   man   too   would 

prove but a disagreeable friend�拭�

     Cri。 Certainly。 



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     Soc。 Then we must keep away from him too�拭�

     Cri。 That we must。 

     Soc。    Well�   �and   what    of  the  man    whose    strength    lies  in  monetary 

transactions�殖�2�А�His one craving is to amass money�察�and for that reason he 

is an adept at driving a hard bargain��3��glad enough to take in�察�but loath 

to pay out。 

     ��2�А�Or�察 �the money´lender�拭�He has a passion for big money´bags。; 

     ��3�А�Or�察 �hard in all his dealings。; 

     Cri。 In my opinion he will prove even a worse fellow than the last。 

     Soc。 Well� �and what of that other whose passion for money´making is 

so absorbing that he has no leisure for anything else�察�save how he may add 

to his gains�拭�

     Cri。 Hold aloof from him�察�say I�察�since there is no good to be got out of 

him or his society。 

     Soc。 Well� �what of the quarrelsome and factious person��4�А�whose main 

object is to saddle his friends with a host of enemies�拭�

     ��4�А �The partisan。; 

     Cri。 For God's sake let us avoid him also。 

     Soc。 But now we will imagine a man exempt indeed from all the above 

defectsa   man   who   has   no   objection   to   receive   kindnesses�察  �but   it   never 

enters into his head to do a kindness in return。 

     Cri。 There will be no good in him either。 But�察�Socrates�察�what kind of 

man shall we endeavour to make our friend�拭�what is he like�拭�

     Soc。  I   should say  he   must   be   just the   converse   of   the   above�此  �he   has 

control over the pleasures of the body�察�he is kindly disposed�撮�5�А�upright in 

all his dealings�撮�6�А�very zealous is he not to be outdone in kindness by his 

benefactors�察     �if  only    his  friends    may     derive   some     profit   from    his 

acquaintance。 

     ��5�А�Reading ��eunous���察�or if ��euorkos���察�transl。 ;a man of his word。; 

     ��6�А�Or�察 �easy to deal with。; 

     Cri。    But   how     are   we    to  test   these   qualities�察   �Socrates�察   �before 

acquaintance�拭�

     Soc。 How do we test the merits of a sculptor��not by inferences drawn 



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from   the   talk   of   the   artist   merely。   No�察  �we   look   to   what   he   has   already 

achieved。 These former statues of his were nobly executed�察�and we trust he 

will do equally well with the rest。 

     Cri。 You mean that if we find a man whose kindness to older friends is 

established�察�we may take it as proved that he will treat his newer friends as 

amiably�拭�

     Soc。 Why�察�certainly�察�if I see a man who has shown skill in the handling 

of   horses   previously�察  �I   argue   that   he   will   handle   others   no   less   skilfully 

again。 

     Cri。 Good� �and when we have discovered a man whose friendship is 

worth having�察�how ought we to make him our friend�拭�

     Soc。   First   we   ought   to   ascertain   the   will   of   Heaven   whether   it   be 

advisable to make him our friend。 

     Cri。 Well� �and how are we to effect the capture of this friend of our 

choice�察�whom the gods approve�拭�will you tell me that�拭�

     Not�察�in good sooth ��replied Socrates���察�by running him down like a hare�察�

nor by decoying him like a bird�察�or by force like a wild boar。��7�А�To capture 

a friend against his will is a toilsome business�察�and to bind him in fetters 

like a slave by no means easy。 Those who are so treated are apt to become 

foes instead of friends。��8�А�

     ��7�А�Reading ��kaproi���察�al。 ��ekhthroi���察 �an enemy。; 

     ��8�А�Or�察 �Hate rather than friendship is the outcome of these methods。; 

     Cri。 But how convert them into friends�拭�

     Soc。   There   are   certain   incantations�察  �we   are   told�察  �which   those   who 

know them have only to utter�察�and they can make friends of whom they list�察�

and there are certain philtres also which those who have the secret of them 

may administer to whom they like and win their love。 

     Cri。 From what source shall we learn them�拭�

     Soc。 You need not go farther than Homer to learn that which the Sirens 

sang to Odysseus�撮�9�А�the first words of which run�察�I think�察�as follows�此�

           Hither�察�come hither�察�thou famous man�察�Odysseus�察�great glory of 

the        Achaeans� �

     ��9�А �Od。; xii。 184。 



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     Cri。 And did the magic words of this spell serve for all men alike�拭�Had 

the    Sirens   only   to   utter  this  one    incantation�察   �and   was    every    listener 

constrained to stay�拭�

     Soc。 No�察�this was the incantation reserved for souls athirst for fame�察�of 

virtue emulous。 

     Cri。 Which is   as much as   to say�察�we   must suit the   incantation to the 

listener�察   �so  that  when     he  hears   the   words    he   shall  not   think   that  the 

enchanter is laughing   at him in   his sleeve。 I  cannot certainly conceive  a 

method better calculated to excite hatred and repulsion than to go to some 

one who knows that he is small and ugly and a weakling�察�and to breathe in 

his ears the flattering tale that he is beautiful and tall and stalwart。 But do 

you know any other love´ charms�察�Socrates�拭�

     Soc。   I   cannot   say   that   I   do�察  �but   I   have   heard   that   Pericles��10�А  �was 

skilled in not a few�察�which he poured into the ear of our city and won her 

love。 

     ��10�А�See above�察�I。 ii。 40�察 �Symp。; viii。 39。 

     Cri。 And how did Themistocles��11�А�win our city's love�拭�

     ��11�А�See below�察�III。 vi。 2�察�IV。 ii。 2。 

     Soc。 Ah�察�that was not by incantation at all。 What he did was to encircle 

our city with an amulet of saving virtue。��12�А�

     ��12�А�See Herod。 vii。 143�察 �the wooden wall;�察�Thuc。 i。 93�察 �'the walls' 

of Athens。; 

     Cri。 You would imply�察�Socrates�察�would you not�察�that if we want to win 

the   love   of   any   good   man   we   need   to   be   good   ourselves   in   speech   and 

action�拭�

     And did you imagine ��replied Socrates�� that it was possible for a bad 

man to make good friends�拭�

     Cri。   Why�察  �I   could   fancy   I   had   seen   some   sorry   speech´monger   who 

was   fast   friends   with   a   great   and   noble   statesman�察  �or   again�察  �some   born 

commander   and   general   who   was   boon   companion   with   fellows   quite 

incapable of generalship。��13�А�

     ��13�А �Or�察  �Why�察  �yes�察 �when   I   see   some   base   orator   fast   friends   with   a 

great     leader    of   the   people�察    �or�察 �again�察   �some     fellow     incapable     of 



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generalship a comrade to the greatest captains of his age。; 

     Soc。   But   in   referen

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