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you will in consequence be knit in closer bonds of love and domesticity。 If�察�

indeed�察�they were called upon to do any shameful work�察�let them choose 

death rather than that�察�but now they know�察�it would seem�察�the very arts and 

accomplishments which are regarded as the loveliest and the most suitable 

for women�察�and the things which we know�察�any of us�察�are just those which 

we can best perform�察�that is to say�察�with ease and expedition�察�it is a joy to 

do   them�察  �and   the   result   is   beautiful。��9�А  �Do   not   hesitate�察  �then�察  �to   initiate 

your friends in what will bring advantage to them and you alike�察�probably 

they will gladly respond to your summons。 

     ��9�А�Or�察 �with ease�察�rapidity�察�pleasure and effect。; 

     Well�察�upon my word ��Aristarchus answered���察�I like so well what you 

say�察  �Socrates�察  �that   though   hitherto   I   have   not   been   disposed   to   borrow�察�

knowing that when I had spent what I got I should not be in a condition to 

repay�察�I think I can now bring myself to do so in order to raise a fund for 

these works。 

     Thereupon   a   capital   was   provided�察  �wools   were   purchased�察  �the   good 

man's relatives set to work�察�and even whilst they breakfasted they worked�察�

and on and on till work was ended and they supped。 Smiles took the place 

of frowns�察�they no longer looked askance with suspicion�察�but full into each 

other's eyes with happiness。 They loved their kinsman for his kindness to 

them。 He became attached to them as helpmates�察�and the end of it all was�察�



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he   came   to   Socrates   and   told   him   with   delight   how   matters   fared�察   �and 

now�察─�he added�察 �they tax me with being the only drone in the house�察�who 

sit and eat the bread of idleness。; 

     To which Socrates�此�Why do not you tell them the fable of the dog�殖�10�А�

Once on a time�察�so goes the story�察�when beasts could speak�察�the sheep said 

to her master�察 �What a marvel is this�察�master�察�that to us�察�your own sheep�察�

who   provide   you   with   fleeces   and   lambs   and   cheese�察  �you   give   nothing�察�

save   only   what   we   may   nibble   off   earth's   bosom�察  �but   with   this   dog   of 

yours�察�who provides you with nothing of the sort�察�you share the very meat 

out    of  your    mouth。;    When     the   dog   heard    these   words�察   �he   answered 

promptly�察 �Ay�察�in good sooth�察�for is it not I who keep you safe and sound�察�

you sheep�察�so that you are not stolen by man nor harried by wolves�察�since�察�

if   I   did not keep   watch  over   you�察 �you   would not   be   able so   much   as   to 

graze afield�察�fearing to be destroyed。; And so�察�says the tale�察�the sheep had 

to admit that the dog was rightly preferred to themselves in honour。 And so 

do you tell your flock yonder that like the dog in the fable you are their 

guardian and overseer�察�and it is thanks to you that they are protected from 

evil   and   evildoers�察  �so   that   they   work   their   work   and   live   their   lives   in 

blissful security。 

     ��10�А  �See   Joseph   Jacobs�察   �The   Fables   of   Aesop�察─  �vol。   i。   p。   26   foll。�察�

for ;a complete list of the Fables given in Greek literature up to                        the 

fall   of   Greek     independence。;       Cf。    Hesiod�察    �Works      and    Days�察─    �202 

foll。�察�Archilochus�察�89 ��60���察�Bergk�察�Herod。 i。 141�察�Aesch。                       ;Myrmid。; 

fr。 123�察�Aristot。 ;Rhet。; II。 xx。 



                                             VIII 



     At another time chancing upon an old friend whom he had not seen for 

a long while�察�he greeted him thus。 

     Soc。 What quarter of the world do you hail from�察�Eutherus�拭�

     The other answered�此�From abroad�察�just before the close of the war�察�but 

at present from the city itself。��1�А�You see�察�since we have been denuded of 



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our   possessions   across   the   frontier�撮�2�А  �and   my   father   left   me   nothing   in 

Attica�察�I must needs bide at home�察�and provide myself with the necessaries 

of life by  means of bodily toil�察�which seems preferable to begging from 

another�察�especially as I have no security on which to raise a loan。 

     ��1�А�Lit。 ;from here。; The conversation perhaps takes place in Piraeus 

404 B。C。 

     ��2�А�Or�察 �colonial possession。; Cf。 ;Symp。; iv。 31。 

     Soc。 And how long do you expect your body to be equal to providing 

the necessaries of life for hire�拭�

     Euth。 Goodness knows�察�Socratesnot for long。 

     Soc。    And    when    you   find   yourself    an  old   man�察   �expenses     will  not 

diminish�察�and yet no one will care to pay you for the labour of your hands。 

     Euth。 That is true。 

     Soc。 Would it not be better then to apply yourself at once to such work 

as will stand you in good stead when you are oldthat is�察�address yourself 

to some large proprietor who needs an assistant in managing his estate�殖�3�А�

By superintending his works�察�helping to get in his crops�察�and guarding his 

property in general�察�you will be a benefit to the estate and be benefited in 

return。 

     ��3�А�Cf。 ;Cyrop。; VIII。 iii。 48。 

     I could not endure the yoke of slavery�察�Socrates� 。�he exclaimed��。 

     Soc。 And yet the heads of departments in a state are not regarded as 

adopting   the   badge   of   slavery  because   they  manage   the   public   property�察�

but as having attained a higher degree of freedom rather。 

     Euth。 In a word�察�Socrates�察�the idea of being held to account to another 

is not at all to my taste。 

     Soc。 And yet�察�Eutherus�察�it would be hard to find a work which did not 

involve   some   liability   to   account�察  �in   fact   it   is   difficult   to   do   anything 

without some mistake or other�察�and no less difficult�察�if you should succeed 

in doing it immaculately�察�to escape all unfriendly criticism。 I wonder now 

whether you find it easy to get through your present occupations entirely 

without   reproach。  No�拭  �Let   me   tell   you   what   you   should do。 You   should 

avoid censorious persons and attach yourself to the considerate and kind´ 



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hearted�察�and in all your affairs accept with a good grace what you can and 

decline what you feel you cannot do。 Whatever it be�察�do it heart and soul�察�

and make it your finest work。��4�А�There lies the method at once to silence 

fault´finders and to minister help to your own difficulties。 Life will flow 

smoothly�察�risks will be diminished�察�provision against old age secured。 

     ��4�А  �Or�察   �study   to   make   it   your   finest   work�察  �the   expression   of   a   real 

enthusiasm。; 



                                              IX 



     At   another   time�察  �as   I   am   aware�察  �he   had   heard   a   remark   made   by 

Crito��1�А�that life at Athens was no easy matter for a man who wished to 

mind his own affairs。 

     ��1�А�Crito。 See above�察�I。 ii。 48�察�Cobet�察 �P。 X。;�察�cf。 Plat。 ;Rep。;                viii。 

549 C。 

     As�察�for   instance�察  �at   this   moment   ��Crito   proceeded�� there   are a   set   of 

fellows     threatening     me    with   lawsuits�察   �not   because     they    have   any 

misdemeanour to allege against me�察�but simply under the conviction that I 

will sooner pay a sum of money than be troubled further。 

     To which Socrates replied�此�Tell me�察�Crito�察�you keep dogs�察�do you not�察�

to ward off wolves from your flocks�拭�

     Cr。 Certainly�察�it pays to do so。 

     Soc。 Then why do you not keep a watchman willing and competent to 

ward off this pack of people who seek to injure you�拭�

     I should not at all mind ��he answered���察�if I were not afraid he might 

turn again and rend his k

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