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     Soc。 And   do   you   consider   it   to   the   interest   of   both   alike   to   win   the 



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adherence of supporters and allies�殖�9�А�

     ��9�А  �In   reference   to   the   necessity   of   building   up   a   family   connection 

or political alliances cf。 Arist。 ;Pol。; iii。 9�察�13。 

     Nic。 Without a doubt。 

     Soc。 And does it not closely concern them both to be good guardians 

of their respective charges�拭�

     Nic。 Very much so。 

     Soc。 Then it equally concerns them both to be painstaking and prodigal 

of toil in all their doings�拭�

     Nic。 Yes�察  �all   these   duties   belong   to   both   alike�察  �but   the   parallel   ends 

when you come to actual fighting。 

     Soc。 Yet they are both sure to meet with enemies�拭�

     Nic。 There is no doubt about that。 

     Soc。   Then   is   it   not   to   the   interest   of   both   to   get   the   upper   hand   of 

these�拭�

     Nic。 Certainly�察�but you omit to tell us what service organisation   and 

the art of management will render when it comes to actual fighting。 

     Soc。 Why�察�it is just then�察�I presume�察�it will be of most service�察�for the 

good economist knows that nothing is so advantageous or so lucrative as 

victory     in  battle�察  �or   to  put   it  negatively�察    �nothing     so  disastrous     and 

expensive       as   defeat。   He    will   enthusiastically      seek    out   and    provide 

everything conducive to victory�察�he will painstakingly discover and guard 

against all that tends to defeat�察�and when satisifed that all is ready and ripe 

for    victory    he   will   deliver    battle   energetically�察    �and   what    is   equally 

important�察�until   the hour   of   final   preparation   has   arrived�撮�10�А �he   will   be 

cautious      to  deliver    battle。   Do   not   despise     men    of  economic       genius�察�

Nicomachides�察  �the   difference   between   the   devotion   requisite   to   private 

affairs   and   to   affairs   of   state   is   merely   one   of   quantity。   For   the   rest   the 

parallel   holds     strictly�察 �and   in  this  respect   pre´eminently�察      �that  both    are 

concerned with human instruments�此�which human beings�察�moreover�察�are of 

one type and temperament�察�whether we speak of devotion to public affairs 

or of the administration of private property。 To fare well in either case is 

given to those who know the secret of dealing with humanity�察�whereas the 



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absence   of   that   knowledge   will   as   certainly   imply   in   either   case   a   fatal 

note of discord。��11�А�

     ��10�А�Lit。 ;as long as he is unprepared。; 

     ��11�А  �L。   Dindorf�察   �Index   Graec。;   Ox。   ed。�察  �cf。   Hor。   ;Ep。;   II。   ii。   144�察�

;sed     verae   numerosque       modosque       ediscere    vitae�察─   �the   harmony      of 

life�察─�Conington。 



                                               V 



     A conversation held with Pericles the son of the great statesman may 

here be introduced。��1�А�Socrates began�此�

     ��1�А  �Or�察   �On    one   occasion     Pericles    was   the   person    addressed     in 

conversation。; For Pericles see ;Hell。; I。 v。 16�察�vii。 15�察�Plut。                  ;Pericl。; 

37 ��Clough�察�i。 368��。 

     I am looking forward�察�I must tell you�察�Pericles�察�to a great improvement 

in   our   military   affairs   when   you   are   minister   of   war。��2�А �The   prestige   of 

Athens�察�I hope�察�will rise�察�we shall gain the mastery over our enemies。 

     ��2�А �Strategos。; 

     Pericles   replied�此  �I   devoutly   wish   your   words   might   be   fulfilled�察  �but 

how this happy result is to be obtained�察�I am at a loss to discover。 

     Shall we ��Socrates continued���察�shall we balance the arguments for and 

against�察�and consider to what extent the possibility does exist�拭�

     Pray let us do so ��he answered��。 

     Soc。 Well then�察�you know that in point of numbers the Athenians are 

not inferior to the Boeotians�拭�

     Per。 Yes�察�I am aware of that。 

     Soc。 And do you think the Boeotians could furnish a better pick of fine 

healthy men than the Athenians�拭�

     Per。 I think we should very well hold our own in that respect。 

     Soc。   And   which   of   the   two   would   you   take   to   be   the   more   united 

people the friendlier among themselves�拭�

     Per。 The Athenians�察�I should say�察�for so many sections of the Boeotians�察�



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resenting the selfish policy��3�А�of Thebes�察�are ill disposed to that power�察�but 

at Athens I see nothing of the sort。 

     ��3�А   �The   self´aggrandisement。;         Soc。   But   perhaps   you   will   say   that 

there  is   no   people  more  jealous   of   honour or   haughtier  in spirit。��4�А�And 

these feelings are no weak spurs to quicken even a dull spirit to hazard all 

for glory's sake and fatherland。 

     ��4�А�Reading ��megalophronestatoi���察�after Cobet。 See ;Hipparch�察─�vii。 3�察�

or if as vulg。 ��philophronestatoi���察�transl。 ;more affable。; 

     Per。 Nor is there much fault to find with Athenians in these respects。 

     Soc。 And   if   we   turn   to   consider   the   fair   deeds   of   ancestry�撮�5�А  �to   no 

people     besides     ourselves     belongs    so   rich   a   heritage    of   stimulating 

memories�察      �whereby     so   many     of  us   are  stirred   to  pursue    virtue   with 

devotion   and   to   show   ourselves   in   our   turn   also   men   of   valour   like   our 

sires。 

     ��5�А �See Wesley's   anthem�察  �Eccles。   xliv。   1�察   �Let   us   now   praise   famous 

men and our fathers that begat us。; 

     Per。 All that you say�察�Socrates�察�is most true�察�but do you observe that 

ever    since   the   disaster   of   the  thousand     under    Tolmides      at  Lebadeia�察�

coupled with that under Hippocrates at Delium�撮�6�А�the prestige of Athens 

by comparison with the Boeotians has been lowered�察�whilst the spirit of 

Thebes as against Athens had been correspondingly exalted�察�so that those 

Boeotians who in old days did not venture to give battle to the Athenians 

even   in   their   own   territory  unless they  had   the   Lacedaemonians   and   the 

rest of the Peloponnesians to help them�察�do nowadays threaten to make an 

incursion   into Attica   single´handed�察  �and   the Athenians�察  �who   formerly�察  �if 

they had to deal with the Boeotians��7�А�only�察�made havoc of their territory�察�

are now afraid the Boeotians may some day harry Attica。 

     ��6�А   �Lebadeia�察     �447    B。C。�察  �Delium�察     �424    B。C。    For    Tolmides     and 

Hippocrates            see Thuc。 i。 113�察�iv。 100 foll。�察�Grote�察 �H。 G。; v。 471�察�vi。 

533。 

     ��7�А  �Reading   ��ote   B。   monoi���察  �al。   ��ou   monoi���察   �when   the   Boeotians 

were          not unaided。; 

     To which Socrates�此�Yes�察�I perceive that this is so�察�but it seems to me 



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that the state was never more tractably disposed�察�never so ripe for a really 

good leader�察�as to´day。 For if boldness be the parent of carelessness�察�laxity�察�

and insubordination�察�it is the part of fear to make people more disposed to 

application�察    �obedience�察    �and   good    order。   A   proof    of  which    you    may 

discover in the behaviour of people on ship´ board。 It is in seasons of calm 

weather when there is nothing to fear that disorder may be said to reign�察�

but as soon as there is apprehension of a storm�察�or an enemy in sight�察�the 

scene changes�察�not only is each word of command obeyed�察�but there is a 

hush of silent expectation�察�the mariners wait to catch the 

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