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hush of silent expectation�察�the mariners wait to catch the next signal like
an orchestra with eyes upon the leader。
Per。 But indeed�察�given that now is the opportunity to take obedience at
the flood�察�it is high time also to explain by what means we are to rekindle
in the hearts of our countrymen��8�А�the old firesthe passionate longing for
antique valour�察�for the glory and the wellbeing of the days of old。
��8�А �Reading ��anerasthenai���察 �Schneider's emendation of the vulg。
��aneristhenai��。
Well ��proceeded Socrates���察�supposing we wished them to lay claim to
certain material wealth now held by others�察�we could not better stimulate
them to lay hands on the objects coveted than by showing them that these
were ancestral possessions��9�А�to which they had a natural right。 But since
our object is that they should set their hearts on virtuous pre´eminence�察�we
must prove to them that such headship combined with virtue is an old
time´honoured heritage which pertains to them beyond all others�察�and that
if they strive earnestly after it they will soon out´top the world。
��9�А �Cf。 Solon in the matter of Salamis�察 �Plut。 ;Sol。; 8�察 �Bergk。 ;Poet。
Lyr。 Gr。 Solon�察─�SALAMIS�察�i。 2�察�3。
Por。 How are we to inculcate this lesson�拭�
Soc。 I think by reminding them of a fact already registered in their
minds�撮�10�А�that the oldest of our ancestors whose names are known to us
were also the bravest of heroes。
��10�А�Or�察 �to which their ears are already opened。;
Per。 I suppose you refer to that judgment of the gods which�察�for their
virtue's sake�察�Cecrops and his followers were called on to decide�殖�11�А�
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��11�А�See Apollodorus�察�iii。 14。
Soc。 Yes�察�I refer to that and to the birth and rearing of Erectheus�撮�12�А�
and also to the war��13�А�which in his days was waged to stay the tide of
invasion from the whole adjoining continent�察 �and that other war in the
days of the Heraclidae��14�А�against the men of Peloponnese�察�and that series
of battles fought in the days of Theseus��15��in all which the virtuous pre´
eminence of our ancestry above the men of their own times was made
manifest。 Or�察�if you please�察�we may come down to things of a later date�察�
which their descendants and the heroes of days not so long anterior to our
own wrought in the struggle with the lords of Asia�撮�16�А�nay of Europe also�察�
as far as Macedonia�此�a people possessing a power and means of attack far
exceeding any who had gone beforewho�察 �moreover�察 �had accomplished
the doughtiest deeds。 These things the men of Athens wrought partly
single´handed�撮�17�А�and partly as sharers with the Peloponnesians in laurels
won by land and sea。 Heroes were these men also�察 �far outshining�察 �as
tradition tells us�察�the peoples of their time。
��12�А�Cf。 ;Il。; ii。 547�察。�'Erekhtheos megaletoros k。t。l。��
��13�А�Cf。 Isoc。 ;Paneg。; 19�察�who handles all the topics。
��14�А�Commonly spoken of as ;the Return。; See Grote�察 �H。 G。; II。 ch。
xviii。
��15�А �Against the Amazons and Thracians�察 �cf。 Herod。 ix。 27�察 �Plut。
;Thes。; 27。
��16�А�The ;Persian; wars�察�cf。 Thucyd。 I。 i。
��17�А�He omits the Plataeans。
Per。 Yes�察�so runs the story of their heroism。
Soc。 Therefore it is that�察�amidst the many changes of inhabitants�察�and
the migrations which have�察 �wave after wave�察 �swept over Hellas�察 �these
maintained themselves in their own land�察 �unmoved�察 �so that it was a
common thing for others to turn to them as to a court of appeal on points
of right�察�or to flee to Athens as a harbour of refuge from the hand of the
oppressor。��18�А�
��18�А�Cf。 ��Plat。�� ;Menex。;�察�Isocr。 ;Paneg。;
Then Pericles�此�And the wonder to me�察�Socrates�察�is how our city ever
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came to decline。
Soc。 I think we are victims of our own success。 Like some athlete�撮�19�А�
whose facile preponderance in the arena has betrayed him into laxity until
he eventually succumbs to punier antagonists�察 �so we Athenians�察 �in the
plenitude of our superiority�察 �have neglected ourselves and are become
degenerate。
��19�А �Reading ��athletai tines���察 �or if ��alloi tines���察 �translate ;any one
else。;
Per。 What then ought we to do now to recover our former virtue�拭�
Soc。 There need be no mystery about that�察�I think。 We can rediscover
the institutions of our forefathersapplying them to the regulation of our
lives with something of their precision�察 �and not improbably with like
success�察�or we can imitate those who stand at the front of affairs to´day�撮�20�А�
adapting to ourselves their rule of life�察�in which case�察�if we live up to the
standard of our models�察�we may hope at least to rival their excellence�察�or�察�
by a more conscientious adherence to what they aim at�察�rise superior。
��20�А�Sc。 the Lacedaemonians。 See W。 L。 Newman�察�op。 cit。 i。 396。
You would seem to suggest ��he answered�� that the spirit of beautiful
and brave manhood has taken wings and left our city�撮�21�А�as�察�for instance�察�
when will Athenians�察 �like the Lacedaemonians�察 �reverence old agethe
Athenian�察�who takes his own father as a starting´point for the contempt he
pours upon grey hairs�拭�When will he pay as strict an attention to the body�察�
who is not content with neglecting a good habit�撮�22�А�but laughs to scorn
those who are careful in this matter�拭�When shall we Athenians so obey our
magistrateswe who take a pride�察�as it were�察�in despising authority�拭�When�察�
once more�察�shall we be united as a peoplewe who�察�instead of combining
to promote common interests�察 �delight in blackening each other's
characters�撮�23�А �envying one another more than we envy all the world
besides�察 �andwhich is our worst failingwho�察 �in private and public
intercourse alike�察 �are torn by dissension and are caught in a maze of
litigation�察 �and prefer to make capital out of our neighbour's difficulties
rather than to render natural assistance�拭�To make our conduct consistent�察�
indeed�察 �we treat our national interests no better than if they were the
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concerns of some foreign state�察 �we make them bones of contention to
wrangle over�察�and rejoice in nothing so much as in possessing means and
ability to indulge these tastes。 From this hotbed is engendered in the state a
spirit of blind folly��24�А �and cowardice�察 �and in the hearts of the citizens
spreads a tangle of hatred and mutual hostility which�察�as I often shudder to
think�察�will some day cause some disaster to befall the state greater than it
can bear。��25�А�
��21�А�Or�察 �is far enough away from Athens。;
��22�А�See below�察�III。 xii。 5�察 �Pol。 Ath。; i。 13�察 �Rev。; iv。 52。
��23�А�Or�察 �to deal despitefully with one another。
��24�А �Reading ��ateria��。 See L。 Dindorf ad loc。�察 �Ox。 ed。 lxii。 Al。
��apeiria���察�a want of skill�察�or ��ataxia���察�disorderliness。 Cf。 ;Pol。 Ath。; i。
5。
��25�А �Possibly the author is thinking of the events of 406�察 �405 B。C。
��see ;Hell。; I。 vii。 and II。���察�and history may repeat itself。
Do not ��replied Socrates���察 �do not