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could     not   choose     but   hear�察  �detained    him。;    See    above�察   �II。  vi。  11。 

Socrates applies his own theory。 

     Ah�察�Glaucon ��he exclaimed���察�so you have determined to become prime 

minister�殖�6�А�

     ��6�А。�prostateuein��。 

     Glauc。 Yes�察�Socrates�察�I have。 

     Soc。 And what a noble aim� �if aught human ever deserved to be called 



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noble�察�since if you succeed in your design�察�it follows�察�as the night the day�察�

you will be able not only to gratify your every wish�察�but you will be in a 

position to benefit your friends�察�you will raise up your father's house�察�you 

will exalt your fatherland�察�you will become a name thrice famous in the 

city first�察 �and next in   Hellas�察 �and lastly even   among barbarians   perhaps�察�

like Themistocles�察�but be it here or be it there�察�wherever you be�察�you will 

be the observed of all beholders。��7�А�

     ��7�А �The centre of attractionthe cynosure of neighbouring eyes。; 

     The heart of Glaucon swelled with pride as he drank in the words�察�and 

gladly he stayed to listen。 

     Presently   Socrates   proceeded�此  �Then   this   is   clear�察  �Glaucon�察  �is   it   not�拭�

that you must needs benefit the city�察�since you desire to reap her honours�拭�

     Glauc。 Undoubtedly。 

     Then�察�by all that is sacred ��Socrates continued���察�do not keep us in the 

dark�察�but tell us in what way do you propose first to benefit the state�拭�what 

is your starting´point�殖�8�А�When Glaucon remained with sealed lips�察�as if 

he were now for the first time debating what this starting´point should be�察�

Socrates continued�此�I presume�察�if you wished to improve a friend's estate�察�

you would endeavour to do so by adding to its wealth�察�would you not�拭�So 

here�察�maybe�察�you will try to add to the wealth of the state�拭�

     ��8�А  �Or�察   �tell  us  what    your   starting´point     will  be   in  the  path   of 

benefaction。; 

     Most decidedly ��he answered��。 

     Soc。 And we may take it the state will grow wealthier in proportion as 

her revenues increase�拭�

     Glauc。 That seems probable�察�at any rate。 

     Soc。 Then would you kindly tell us from what sources the revenues of 

the state are at present derived�察�and what is their present magnitude�拭�No 

doubt you have gone carefully into the question�察�so that if any of these are 

failing you may make up the deficit�察�or if neglected for any reason�察�make 

some new provision。��9�А�

     ��9�А�Or�察 �or if others have dropped out or been negligently overlooked�察�

you may replace them。; 



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     Glauc。 Nay�察�to speak the truth�察�these are matters I have not thoroughly 

gone into。 

     Never   mind   ��he   said��   if   you   have   omitted   the   point�察  �but   you   might 

oblige us by running through the items or heads of expenditure。 Obviously 

you propose to remove all those which are superfluous�拭�

     Glauc。 Well�察�no。 Upon my word I have not had time to look into that 

side of the matter either as yet。 

     Soc。 Then we will postpone for the present the problem of making the 

state    wealthier�察   �obviously      without    knowing      the   outgoings      and   the 

incomings it would be impossible to deal with the matter seriously。 

     But�察�Socrates ��Glaucon remarked���察�it is possible to enrich the state out 

of the pockets of her enemies� �

     Yes�察  �to   be   sure�察  �considerably   ��answered   Socrates���察  �in   the   event   of 

getting   the   better   of   them�察  �but   in   the   event   of   being   worsted�察  �it   is   also 

possible to lose what we have got。 

     A true observation ��he replied��。 

     And therefore ��proceeded Socrates���察�before he makes up his mind with 

what enemy to go to war�察�a statesman should know the relative powers of 

his own city and the adversary's�察�so that�察�in case the superiority be on his 

own     side�察 �he   may    throw    the  weight    of   his  advice    into  the  scale   of 

undertaking war�察�but if the opposite he may plead in favour of exercising 

caution。 

     You are right ��he answered��。 

     Soc。   Then   would   you   for   our   benefit   enumerate   the   land   and   naval 

forces first of Athens and then of our opponents�拭�

     Glauc。 Pardon me。   I could not tell you   them off´hand   at a   moment's 

notice。 

     Or ��added Socrates���察�if you have got the figures on paper�察�you might 

produce them。 I cannot tell how anxious I am to hear your statement。 

     Glauc。 No�察�I assure you�察�I have not got them even on paper yet。 

     Soc。 Well then�察�we will defer tending advice on the topic of peace or 

war�察�in a maiden speech at any rate。��10�А�I can understand that�察�owing to 

the magnitude of the questions�察�in these early days of your ministry you 



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have   not   yet   fully   examined   them。   But   come�察  �I   am   sure   that   you   have 

studied the defences   of   the country�察  �at   all   events�察�and   you   know   exactly 

how many forts and outposts are serviceable��11�А�and how many are not�察�

you   can   tell   us   which   garrisons   are   strong   enough   and   which   defective�察�

and you are prepared to throw in the weight of your advice in favour of 

increasing      the  serviceable     outposts    and   sweeping     away   those     that  are 

superfluous�拭�

     ��10�А�See ;Econ。; xi。 1。 

     ��11�А   �Or�察   �advantageously       situated。;   See    the  author's    own    tract  on 

;Revenues。; 

     Glauc。 Yes�察�sweep them all away�察�that's my advice�察�for any good that is 

likely to come of them� �Defences indeed� �so maintained that the property 

of the rural districts is simply pilfered。 

     But    suppose     you    sweep     away    the   outposts    ��he   asked���察   �may    not 

something        worse�察   �think    you�察   �be   the   consequence�拭       �will   not   sheer 

plundering   be   free   to   any   ruffian   who   likes�拭   �   。   。   But   may   I   ask   is   this 

judgment   the   result   of   personal   inspection�拭  �have   you   gone   yourself   and 

examined the defences�拭�or how do you know that they are all maintained 

as you say�拭�

     Glauc。 I conjecture that it is so。 

     Soc。 Well then�察�until we have got beyond the region of conjecture shall 

we defer giving   advice on the   matter�拭。�It   will   be time   enough   when   we 

know the facts。�� 

     Possibly it would be better to wait till then ��replied Glaucon��。 

     Soc。 Then there are the mines�撮�12�А�but�察�of course�察�I am aware that you 

have not visited them in person�察�so as to be able to say why they are less 

productive than formerly。 

     ��12�А  �Again     the   author's   tract   on  ;Revenues;   is    a   comment     on   the 

matter。 

     Well�察�no�察�I have never been there myself ��he answered��。 

     Soc。 No�察�Heaven help us� �an unhealthy district by all accounts�察�so that�察�

when the moment for advice on that topic arrives�察�you will have an excuse 

ready to hand。 



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     I see you are making fun of me ��Glaucon answered��。 

     Soc。 Well�察�but here is a point�察�I am sure�察�which you have not neglected。 

No�察�you will have thoroughly gone into it�察�and you can tell us。 For how 

long a time could the corn supplies from the country districts support the 

city�拭�how much is requisite for a single year�察�so that the city may not run 

short    of  this  prime    necessary�察   �before    you   are  well   aware�察   �but  on   the 

contrary you with your full knowledge will be in a position to give advice 

on so vital a question�察�to the aid or may be the salvation of your country��

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