the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及34嫗
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on so vital a question�察�to the aid or may be the salvation of your country�拭�
It is a colossal business this ��Glaucon answered���察�if I am to be obliged
to give attention to all these details。
Soc。 On the other hand�察�a man could not even manage his own house
or his estate well�察 �without�察 �in the first place�察 �knowing what he requires�察�
and�察�in the second place�察�taking pains�察�item by item�察�to supply his wants。
But since this city consists of more than ten thousand houses�察�and it is not
easy to pay minute attention to so many all at once�察�how is it you did not
practise yourself by trying to augment the resources of one at any rate of
theseI mean your own uncle's�拭�The service would not be thrown away。
Then if your strength suffices in the single case you might take in hand a
larger number�察�but if you fail to relieve one�察�how could you possibly hope
to succeed with many�拭�How absurd for a man�察�if he cannot carry half a
hundredweight�察�to attempt to carry a whole�。�13�А�
��13�А�Lit。 ;a single talent's weight 。 。 。 to carry two。;
Glauc。 Nay�察 �for my part�察 �I am willing enough to assist my uncle's
house�察�if my uncle would only be persuaded to listen to my advice。
Soc。 Then�察�when you cannot persuade your uncle�察�do you imagine you
will be able to make the whole Athenian people�察�uncle and all�察�obey you�拭�
Be careful�察 �Glaucon ��he added���察 �lest in your thirst for glory and high
repute you come to the opposite。 Do you not see how dangerous it is for a
man to speak or act beyond the range��14�А�of his knowledge�拭�To take the
cases known to you of people whose conversation or conduct clearly
transcends these limits�此 �should you say they gain more praise or more
blame on that account�拭�Are they admired the rather or despised�拭�Or�察�again�察�
consider those who do know what they say and what they do�察�and you will
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find�察�I venture to say�察�that in every sort of undertaking those who enjoy
repute and admiration belong to the class of those endowed with the
highest knowledge�察�whilst conversely the people of sinister reputation�察�the
mean and the contemptible�察 �emanate from some depth of ignorance and
dulness。 If therefore what you thirst for is repute and admiration as a
statesman�察 �try to make sure of one accomplishment�此 �in other words�察 �the
knowledge as far as in you lies of what you wish to do。��15�А �If�察 �indeed�察�
with this to distinguish you from the rest of the world you venture to
concern yourself with state affairs�察�it would not surprise me but that you
might reach the goal of your ambition easily。
��14�А�Or�察 �to talk of things which he does not know�察�or to meddle with
them。;
��15�А �Or�察 �try as far as possible to achieve one thing�察 �and that is to
know the business which you propose to carry out。;
VII
Now Charmides�撮�1�А�the son of Glaucon�察�was�察�as Socrates observed�察�a
man of mark and influence�此�a much more powerful person in fact than the
mass of those devoted to politics at that date�察�but at the same time he was a
man who shrank from approaching the people or busying himself with the
concerns of the state。 Accordingly Socrates addressed him thus�此�
��1�А�See last chapter for his relationship to Glaucon ��the younger�� and
Plato�察�for a conception of his character�察�Plato's dialogue ;Charmides;�察�
;Theag。; 128 E�察 �Hell。; II。 iv。 19�察 �Symp。; iv。 31�察 �Grote�察 �Plato�察─�i。
480。
Tell me�察�Charmides�察�supposing some one competent to win a victory in
the arena and to receive a crown�撮�2�А�whereby he will gain honour himself
and make the land of his fathers more glorious in Hellas�撮�3�А�were to refuse
to enter the listswhat kind of person should you set him down to be�拭�
��2�А�In some conquest ��e。g。 of the Olympic games�� where the prize is a
mere wreath。
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��3�А�Cf。 Pindar passim。
Clearly an effeminate and cowardly fellow ��he answered��。
Soc。 And what if another man�察 �who had it in him�察 �by devotion to
affairs of state�察�to exalt his city and win honour himself thereby�察�were to
shrink and hesitate and hang backwould he too not reasonably be
regarded as a coward�拭�
Possibly ��he answered���察 �but why do you address these questions to
me�拭�
Because ��replied Socrates�� I think that you�察�who have this power�察�do
hesitate to devote yourself to matters which�察�as being a citizen�察�if for no
other reason�察�you are bound to take part in。��4�А�
��4�А�Or add�察 �and cannot escape from。;
Charm。 And wherein have you detected in me this power�察�that you pass
so severe a sentence upon me�拭�
Soc。 I have detected it plainly enough in those gatherings��5�А�in which
you meet the politicians of the day�察 �when�察 �as I observe�察 �each time they
consult you on any point you have always good advice to offer�察�and when
they make a blunder you lay your finger on the weak point immediately。
��5�А�See above�察�I。 v。 4�察�here possibly of political club conversation。
Charm。 To discuss and reason in private is one thing�察 �Socrates�察 �to
battle in the throng of the assembly is another。
Soc。 And yet a man who can count�察�counts every bit as well in a crowd
as when seated alone by himself�察�and it is the best performer on the harp in
private who carries off the palm of victory in public。
Charm。 But do you not see that modesty and timidity are feelings
implanted in man's nature�拭�and these are much more powerfully present to
us in a crowd than within the cirlce of our intimates。
Soc。 Yes�察�but what I am bent on teaching you is that while you feel no
such bashfulness and timidity before the wisest and strongest of men�察�you
are ashamed of opening your lips in the midst of weaklings and dullards。��6�А�
Is it the fullers among them of whom you stand in awe�察�or the cobblers�察�or
the carpenters�察 �or the coppersmiths�察�or the merchants�察�or the farmers�察 �or
the hucksters of the market´place exchanging their wares�察�and bethinking
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them how they are to buy this thing cheap�察�and to sell the other dearis it
before these you are ashamed�察 �for these are the individual atoms out of
which the Public Assembly is composed�殖�7�А�And what is the difference�察�
pray�察�between your behaviour and that of a man who�察�being the superior of
trained athletes�察�quails before a set of amateurs�拭�Is it not the case that you
who can argue so readily with the foremost statesmen in the city�察�some of
whom affect to look down upon youyou�察�with your vast superiority over
practised popular debatersare no sooner confronted with a set of folk
who never in their lives gave politics a thought�察 �and into whose heads
certainly it never entered to look down upon youthan you are afraid to
open your lips in mortal terror of being laughed at�拭�
��6�А�Cf。 Cic。 ;Tusc。; v。 36�察�104�察�Plat。 ;Gorg。; 452 E�察�454 B。
��7�А�Cf。 Plat。 ;Protag。; 319 C。 See W。 L。 Newman�察�op。 cit。 i。 103。
Well�察 �but you would admit ��he answered�� that sound argument does
frequently bring down the ridicule of the Popular Assembly。
Soc