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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及34嫗

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on so vital a question�察�to the aid or may be the salvation of your country�拭�

     It is a colossal business this ��Glaucon answered���察�if I am to be obliged 

to give attention to all these details。 

     Soc。 On the other hand�察�a man could not even manage his own house 

or   his   estate   well�察 �without�察  �in   the  first   place�察  �knowing   what   he   requires�察�

and�察�in the second place�察�taking pains�察�item by item�察�to supply his wants。 

But since this city consists of more than ten thousand houses�察�and it is not 

easy to pay minute attention to so many all at once�察�how is it you did not 

practise yourself by trying to augment the resources of one at any rate of 

theseI mean your own uncle's�拭�The service would not be thrown away。 

Then if your strength suffices in the single case you might take in hand a 

larger number�察�but if you fail to relieve one�察�how could you possibly hope 

to succeed with many�拭�How absurd for a man�察�if he cannot carry half a 

hundredweight�察�to attempt to carry a whole�。�13�А�

     ��13�А�Lit。 ;a single talent's weight 。 。 。 to carry two。; 

     Glauc。   Nay�察  �for   my   part�察  �I   am   willing   enough   to   assist   my   uncle's 

house�察�if my uncle would only be persuaded to listen to my advice。 

     Soc。 Then�察�when you cannot persuade your uncle�察�do you imagine you 

will be able to make the whole Athenian people�察�uncle and all�察�obey you�拭�

Be   careful�察  �Glaucon   ��he   added���察  �lest   in   your   thirst   for   glory   and   high 

repute you come to the opposite。 Do you not see how dangerous it is for a 

man to speak or act beyond the range��14�А�of his knowledge�拭�To take the 

cases   known      to  you   of  people   whose   conversation   or   conduct        clearly 

transcends   these   limits�此  �should   you   say   they   gain   more   praise   or   more 

blame on that account�拭�Are they admired the rather or despised�拭�Or�察�again�察�

consider those who do know what they say and what they do�察�and you will 



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find�察�I venture  to say�察�that in every  sort of undertaking those who   enjoy 

repute   and    admiration   belong      to  the   class   of   those   endowed   with    the 

highest knowledge�察�whilst conversely the people of sinister reputation�察�the 

mean   and   the   contemptible�察  �emanate   from  some   depth   of   ignorance   and 

dulness。   If   therefore   what   you   thirst   for   is   repute   and   admiration   as   a 

statesman�察 �try  to   make   sure   of   one   accomplishment�此  �in   other   words�察  �the 

knowledge   as   far   as   in   you   lies   of   what   you   wish   to   do。��15�А  �If�察  �indeed�察�

with   this   to   distinguish   you   from   the   rest   of   the   world   you   venture   to 

concern yourself with state affairs�察�it would not surprise me but that you 

might reach the goal of your ambition easily。 

     ��14�А�Or�察 �to talk of things which he does not know�察�or to meddle with 

them。; 

     ��15�А  �Or�察   �try   as   far   as   possible   to   achieve   one   thing�察  �and   that   is   to 

know the business which you propose to carry out。; 



                                              VII 



     Now Charmides�撮�1�А�the son of Glaucon�察�was�察�as Socrates observed�察�a 

man of mark and influence�此�a much more powerful person in fact than the 

mass of those devoted to politics at that date�察�but at the same time he was a 

man who shrank from approaching the people or busying himself with the 

concerns of the state。 Accordingly Socrates addressed him thus�此�

     ��1�А�See last chapter for his relationship to Glaucon ��the younger�� and 

Plato�察�for a conception of his character�察�Plato's dialogue                  ;Charmides;�察�

;Theag。; 128 E�察 �Hell。; II。 iv。 19�察 �Symp。; iv。 31�察                   �Grote�察 �Plato�察─�i。 

480。 

     Tell me�察�Charmides�察�supposing some one competent to win a victory in 

the arena and to receive a crown�撮�2�А�whereby he will gain honour himself 

and make the land of his fathers more glorious in Hellas�撮�3�А�were to refuse 

to enter the listswhat kind of person should you set him down to be�拭�

     ��2�А�In some conquest ��e。g。 of the Olympic games�� where the prize is a 

mere wreath。 



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     ��3�А�Cf。 Pindar passim。 

     Clearly an effeminate and cowardly fellow ��he answered��。 

     Soc。   And   what   if   another   man�察  �who   had   it   in   him�察  �by   devotion   to 

affairs of state�察�to exalt his city and win honour himself thereby�察�were to 

shrink     and   hesitate   and   hang    backwould      he   too   not  reasonably     be 

regarded as a coward�拭�

     Possibly   ��he   answered���察  �but   why   do   you   address   these   questions   to 

me�拭�

     Because ��replied Socrates�� I think that you�察�who have this power�察�do 

hesitate to devote yourself to matters which�察�as being a citizen�察�if for no 

other reason�察�you are bound to take part in。��4�А�

     ��4�А�Or add�察 �and cannot escape from。; 

     Charm。 And wherein have you detected in me this power�察�that you pass 

so severe a sentence upon me�拭�

     Soc。 I have detected it plainly enough in those gatherings��5�А�in which 

you   meet   the   politicians   of   the   day�察  �when�察  �as   I   observe�察  �each   time   they 

consult you on any point you have always good advice to offer�察�and when 

they make a blunder you lay your finger on the weak point immediately。 

     ��5�А�See above�察�I。 v。 4�察�here possibly of political club conversation。 

     Charm。   To   discuss   and   reason   in   private   is   one   thing�察  �Socrates�察  �to 

battle in the throng of the assembly is another。 

     Soc。 And yet a man who can count�察�counts every bit as well in a crowd 

as when seated alone by himself�察�and it is the best performer on the harp in 

private who carries off the palm of victory in public。 

     Charm。   But   do   you   not   see   that   modesty   and   timidity   are   feelings 

implanted in man's nature�拭�and these are much more powerfully present to 

us in a crowd than within the cirlce of our intimates。 

     Soc。 Yes�察�but what I am bent on teaching you is that while you feel no 

such bashfulness and timidity before the wisest and strongest of men�察�you 

are ashamed of opening your lips in the midst of weaklings and dullards。��6�А�

Is it the fullers among them of whom you stand in awe�察�or the cobblers�察�or 

the carpenters�察  �or the   coppersmiths�察�or   the   merchants�察�or   the   farmers�察  �or 

the hucksters of the market´place exchanging their wares�察�and bethinking 



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them how they are to buy this thing cheap�察�and to sell the other dearis it 

before   these   you   are   ashamed�察  �for   these   are   the  individual   atoms   out   of 

which the Public Assembly is composed�殖�7�А�And what is the  difference�察�

pray�察�between your behaviour and that of a man who�察�being the superior of 

trained athletes�察�quails before a set of amateurs�拭�Is it not the case that you 

who can argue so readily with the foremost statesmen in the city�察�some of 

whom affect to look down upon youyou�察�with your vast superiority over 

practised   popular   debatersare   no   sooner   confronted   with   a   set   of   folk 

who   never   in   their   lives   gave   politics   a   thought�察  �and   into   whose   heads 

certainly it never entered to look down upon youthan you are afraid to 

open your lips in mortal terror of being laughed at�拭�

     ��6�А�Cf。 Cic。 ;Tusc。; v。 36�察�104�察�Plat。 ;Gorg。; 452 E�察�454 B。 

     ��7�А�Cf。 Plat。 ;Protag。; 319 C。 See W。 L。 Newman�察�op。 cit。 i。 103。 

     Well�察  �but   you   would   admit   ��he   answered��   that   sound   argument   does 

frequently bring down the ridicule of the Popular Assembly。 

     Soc

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