唄診窮徨慕 > 哂猟圻广窮徨慕 > the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順) >

及6嫗

the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及6嫗


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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




vicinity     of  El   Paso    and    the  valley    of   Mesilla�察   �is  proverbial     for   the 

production   of   fine   vegetables   and   fruits。   Indeed�察  �about   El   Paso�察  �it   is   a 

complete garden with flourishing vineyards�察�equalling in excellence those 

of the most celebrated grape growing countries。 

     ;By a judicious disposition of military stations along this line�察�only a 

few   troops   would   be   required   to   protect   the   great   northern   frontier   of 

Sonora and Chihuahua�察 �and enable   us to   carry out   the llth   article of our 

late treaty with Mexico more effectually�察�and at the same time prevent any 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



depredations which the Indians might be disposed to commit on the road。 

Soon after�察�the settlement of the country would make the presence of the 

military unnecessary�察�either for the safety of a railway of the security of 

the frontier。 The strong holds of the Apaches�察�and their pathway to Mexico�察�

would be cut off。 

     ;A wagon road established from the Gulf of California would enable 

supplies to be transported along this line at one´half  of the present cost。 

The     saving    of  one´third    or   more    distance�察   �through    a  comparatively 

unsettled   country�察  �in   transportation   is   an   important   consideration   in   the 

construction of a railway�察 �more especially when men and materials�察�to a 

great extent�察�must be brought from very remote points。 The navigation of 

the Gulf of California is said to be very good。 The trade´winds from the 

northwest�察     �encountering      the    highlands     of   the   peninsula     of   Lower 

California�察  �and   forming   a   counter   current   under   its   lee�察  �enable   sailing 

vessels to proceed advantageously along that coast。 Returning�察�by keeping 

on    the  eastern    aide�察 �or   along   the   shore   of  Sonora�察   �they   could    avail 

themselves of the prevailing winds�察�which regain their usual direction after 

sweeping across the wide expanse of water。 The trade of the Gulf�察�with its 

pearl fisheries and other resources�察�would be speedily developed。 

     ;The advantages of such a thoroughfare are obvious。 Five years would 

hardly elapse before inestimable benefits   would be   realized�察�and�察 �should 

war   threaten   our   Pacific   possessions�察  �a   few   days   would   suffice   to   send 

from   the   Mississippi   valley   an   army   that   would   defy   any   force   that   the 

most formidable power could array against us。 The fine cotton region of 

the   Gila�察  �the   rich   copper�察  �silver�察  �and   gold   mines   of   New   Mexico   and 

Sonora would be at once developed�察�bringing a vast district of country into 

cultivation     which     now    presents    a   fruitless   waste�察   �owing    to   Indian 

depredations and the absence of means of communication and protection。 

Mexico has tried for a century past to insure safety to her inhabitants in 

this region�察�but notwithstanding the expense she has incurred in keeping 

up her garrisons�察�she has failed to afford them protection。 

     ;The deserted appearance of the country from El Paso to the Colorado 

is no criterion by which to judge of its value。 The beautiful valley of San 

Xavier�察�or Santa Cruz�察�some two years ago when I passed through it�察�was 



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entirely deserted。 The once thriving towns of Tumacacori and Tubac had 

not the sign of a living soul about them except the recent moccasin track 

of the Apaches。 The orchards and vineyards of the once highly cultivated 

fields and gardens bore the marks of gradual decay and destruction。 The 

ranchos of Calabazas�察�of San   Bernardino�察�and numerous other places on 

this   frontier�察  �presented    the  same    melancholy      aspect�察  �the   result  of  the 

inability of Mexico to protect this portion of territory from the inroads of 

the savages。 There are now but a few settlements throughout this district 

of country�察�but were it protected by a power that could and would defend it�察�

what is now a waste in the hands of the savages might become a thriving 

country�察 �with   safety  insured   to   its   inhabitants。;   Senate  Ex。   Doc。  No。   55�察�

33rd Congress�察�2nd Sess。 

     I quote the following language of Gray�察�from subsequent explorations 

made   by  him�察  �three   years   after his   first   expedition�察 �and   contained   in   his 

report to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company。 It was chiefly from the 

discoveries made by Gray�察�in this adventurous expedition�察�through regions 

unknown       for  many     years   past�察 �between     the   Rio   Grande    and   Gulf    of 

California�察�together with the Gadsden Treaty�察�that induced parties at great 

expense      to  emigrate     there�察 �and   commence        working     the  vast   mineral 

deposites�察�such as the Arabac silver mines�察�the Ajo copper mountain�察�and 

others�察   �but   which�察   �through     lack   of  proper    protection     and   means     of 

communication�察�have been greatly retarded in their development。 

     After   crossing   the   dividing   ridge   of   the   continent   west   of   the   Rio 

Grande�察�Gray thus alludes to the country�此�

     ;There      were    large    haciendas      and    fine   cattle   ranches     in   this 

neighborhood�察�until a war of extermination was declared by the Apaches 

against the Mexicans。 Remains of the old San Pedro ranch are seen at this 

day�察�also the ;Tres Alamos�察─�and the ruins of the hacienda of Babacomeri�察�

whose      walls   and    towers    are   still  standing。    These    were    among     the 

wealthiest   of   Sonora   in   horses�察  �cattle�察  �sheep�察  �etc。�察  �but   it   has   been   many 

years   since。   It   is   a   fine   grazing   region�察  �with   wild   cattle   and   mustangs 

constantly  seen   roaming   over   the   plains。 The   district   from  San   Pedro   to 

Santa Cruz valley�察�nearly due west from our present crossing ��latitude 31 

degrees 34 minutes���察�will be to the Pacific slope what the region of Fort 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Chadbourne�察�in Texas�察�will be to the Atlantic。 The mountains and hills are 

covered with splendid timber of the largest size�察�and for all purposes�察�and 

the valleys are full of springs�察�and the finest grass。 To Tubac�察�a town in the 

valley of   Santa   Cruz�察 �it   is 69   miles。 This   is   by  following   the   San   Pedro 

about a league�察�passing over a few insignificant spurs�察�and ascending the 

Rio    Babacomeri�察      �thence    continuing     westward      by   a  gradual    rise  over 

delightful   plains   to   the   divide   between   that   and   the   Sonoita   or   Clover 

creek�察�and along the latter�察�until it loses itself in the porous earth�察�a mile 

from   the   Santa   Cruz   river�察  �and   by   the   broad   valley   of   that   stream   to 

Tubac。; 

     Of the line of Gray's exploration from the Rio San Pedro�察�he says�此�

     ;It   passes    through     the  most    desirable    region�察   �with   the   hills  and 

mountains   for   forty   miles�察  �containing   inexhaustible   quantities   of   timber。 

We     noticed    tall  cedar   and   oaks    of  every   description�察    �one   kind   more 

interesting than the others�察�being a white oak from twenty to forty feet in 

the body。 Pine and spruce�察�with superior white ash and walnut�察�were found�察�

and the most gigantic cotton´woods�察�particularly on the Sonoita。 * * * * 

;The   mountains   in   the   neighborhood   are   filled   with   minerals�察  �and   the 

precious   metals   are   said   to   abound。   The   famous   Planchas   de   Plata   and 

Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Bo

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