the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及6嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
vicinity of El Paso and the valley of Mesilla�察 �is proverbial for the
production of fine vegetables and fruits。 Indeed�察 �about El Paso�察 �it is a
complete garden with flourishing vineyards�察�equalling in excellence those
of the most celebrated grape growing countries。
;By a judicious disposition of military stations along this line�察�only a
few troops would be required to protect the great northern frontier of
Sonora and Chihuahua�察 �and enable us to carry out the llth article of our
late treaty with Mexico more effectually�察�and at the same time prevent any
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depredations which the Indians might be disposed to commit on the road。
Soon after�察�the settlement of the country would make the presence of the
military unnecessary�察�either for the safety of a railway of the security of
the frontier。 The strong holds of the Apaches�察�and their pathway to Mexico�察�
would be cut off。
;A wagon road established from the Gulf of California would enable
supplies to be transported along this line at one´half of the present cost。
The saving of one´third or more distance�察 �through a comparatively
unsettled country�察 �in transportation is an important consideration in the
construction of a railway�察 �more especially when men and materials�察�to a
great extent�察�must be brought from very remote points。 The navigation of
the Gulf of California is said to be very good。 The trade´winds from the
northwest�察 �encountering the highlands of the peninsula of Lower
California�察 �and forming a counter current under its lee�察 �enable sailing
vessels to proceed advantageously along that coast。 Returning�察�by keeping
on the eastern aide�察 �or along the shore of Sonora�察 �they could avail
themselves of the prevailing winds�察�which regain their usual direction after
sweeping across the wide expanse of water。 The trade of the Gulf�察�with its
pearl fisheries and other resources�察�would be speedily developed。
;The advantages of such a thoroughfare are obvious。 Five years would
hardly elapse before inestimable benefits would be realized�察�and�察 �should
war threaten our Pacific possessions�察 �a few days would suffice to send
from the Mississippi valley an army that would defy any force that the
most formidable power could array against us。 The fine cotton region of
the Gila�察 �the rich copper�察 �silver�察 �and gold mines of New Mexico and
Sonora would be at once developed�察�bringing a vast district of country into
cultivation which now presents a fruitless waste�察 �owing to Indian
depredations and the absence of means of communication and protection。
Mexico has tried for a century past to insure safety to her inhabitants in
this region�察�but notwithstanding the expense she has incurred in keeping
up her garrisons�察�she has failed to afford them protection。
;The deserted appearance of the country from El Paso to the Colorado
is no criterion by which to judge of its value。 The beautiful valley of San
Xavier�察�or Santa Cruz�察�some two years ago when I passed through it�察�was
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entirely deserted。 The once thriving towns of Tumacacori and Tubac had
not the sign of a living soul about them except the recent moccasin track
of the Apaches。 The orchards and vineyards of the once highly cultivated
fields and gardens bore the marks of gradual decay and destruction。 The
ranchos of Calabazas�察�of San Bernardino�察�and numerous other places on
this frontier�察 �presented the same melancholy aspect�察 �the result of the
inability of Mexico to protect this portion of territory from the inroads of
the savages。 There are now but a few settlements throughout this district
of country�察�but were it protected by a power that could and would defend it�察�
what is now a waste in the hands of the savages might become a thriving
country�察 �with safety insured to its inhabitants。; Senate Ex。 Doc。 No。 55�察�
33rd Congress�察�2nd Sess。
I quote the following language of Gray�察�from subsequent explorations
made by him�察 �three years after his first expedition�察 �and contained in his
report to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company。 It was chiefly from the
discoveries made by Gray�察�in this adventurous expedition�察�through regions
unknown for many years past�察 �between the Rio Grande and Gulf of
California�察�together with the Gadsden Treaty�察�that induced parties at great
expense to emigrate there�察 �and commence working the vast mineral
deposites�察�such as the Arabac silver mines�察�the Ajo copper mountain�察�and
others�察 �but which�察 �through lack of proper protection and means of
communication�察�have been greatly retarded in their development。
After crossing the dividing ridge of the continent west of the Rio
Grande�察�Gray thus alludes to the country�此�
;There were large haciendas and fine cattle ranches in this
neighborhood�察�until a war of extermination was declared by the Apaches
against the Mexicans。 Remains of the old San Pedro ranch are seen at this
day�察�also the ;Tres Alamos�察─�and the ruins of the hacienda of Babacomeri�察�
whose walls and towers are still standing。 These were among the
wealthiest of Sonora in horses�察 �cattle�察 �sheep�察 �etc。�察 �but it has been many
years since。 It is a fine grazing region�察 �with wild cattle and mustangs
constantly seen roaming over the plains。 The district from San Pedro to
Santa Cruz valley�察�nearly due west from our present crossing ��latitude 31
degrees 34 minutes���察�will be to the Pacific slope what the region of Fort
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Chadbourne�察�in Texas�察�will be to the Atlantic。 The mountains and hills are
covered with splendid timber of the largest size�察�and for all purposes�察�and
the valleys are full of springs�察�and the finest grass。 To Tubac�察�a town in the
valley of Santa Cruz�察 �it is 69 miles。 This is by following the San Pedro
about a league�察�passing over a few insignificant spurs�察�and ascending the
Rio Babacomeri�察 �thence continuing westward by a gradual rise over
delightful plains to the divide between that and the Sonoita or Clover
creek�察�and along the latter�察�until it loses itself in the porous earth�察�a mile
from the Santa Cruz river�察 �and by the broad valley of that stream to
Tubac。;
Of the line of Gray's exploration from the Rio San Pedro�察�he says�此�
;It passes through the most desirable region�察 �with the hills and
mountains for forty miles�察 �containing inexhaustible quantities of timber。
We noticed tall cedar and oaks of every description�察 �one kind more
interesting than the others�察�being a white oak from twenty to forty feet in
the body。 Pine and spruce�察�with superior white ash and walnut�察�were found�察�
and the most gigantic cotton´woods�察�particularly on the Sonoita。 * * * *
;The mountains in the neighborhood are filled with minerals�察 �and the
precious metals are said to abound。 The famous Planchas de Plata and
Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Bo