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及7嫗

the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及7嫗


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
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precious   metals   are   said   to   abound。   The   famous   Planchas   de   Plata   and 

Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Boulbon attempted to 

take possession of�察�are in this section of country�察�not many miles below the 

present   limits�察  �and   at   several   of   the   old   ranchos   and   deserted    mining 

villages   which   we   visited�察  �were   found   the   argentiferous   galena   ore   and 

gold。 The Sierra Santa Rita runs along to the east of the Santa Cruz valley�察�

and forms a part of this interesting region。 It is very high and bold�察�filled 

with fertile valleys and flowing rivulets�察�and covered with a dense growth 

of timber。 I saw much of this district�察�when here in 1851�察�on the survey of 

the boundry。; 

     The country bordering immediately the head of the Gulf of California�察�

through which Gray was probably the first to penetrate�察�lies adjacent to the 

proposed Arizona Territory�察�but not a part of the same�察�being a portion of 

the State of Sonora。 He thus describes that section�此�

     ;The   Indians   represent   rich   Placers   existing   throughout   this   region�察�

and large numbers of them had lately come in with considerable quantities 



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of   the dust。 They  were   trading   it   for   trifles to the   Mexicans。  I   got   some 

specimens of it which was the same as the California Gold。 This was not 

the time of year ��June�� for them to work the mines�察�but in the fall�察�after the 

rain has commenced。 The greatest drawback to the profitable working of 

the Placers of this district�察�is the scarcity of water。 If artesian wells succeed�察�

there   is   little   doubt   that   it   will   create   an   important   change。   West   from 

Tuseon   and   Tubac�察  �towards   the   Gulf   of   California�察  �the   country   presents 

more the appearance of a barren waste or desert than any district I have 

seen。 It nevertheless   has   occasional   oases�察 �with   fine   grazing   lands   about 

them�察  �and   the   mountains�察     �which   are   more     broken    and   detached�察   �have 

distinct marks of volcanic origin。 The ranges though short�察�have generally 

the  same   parallel   direction   as   those   further   east。   It   is   the   country  of   the 

Papago Indians�察�a peaceful and friendly tribe�察�extending down to the Gulf 

coast�察   �where    they    are  mixed     up   somewhat      with   the   Cocopas     of   the 

Colorado。 From Sonoita I explored to the Gulf shore�察�near the mouth of 

Adair Bay。 It was 62 miles�察�following a dry arroya most of the way�察�and 

the point at which I struck the Gulf was in latitude 31 degrees 36 minutes 

34 minutes。 The ;Bay; is about 15 miles across�察�and from all I could learn�察�

15   miles   long�察  �and   represented   as   having   four   fathoms   of   water。   It   is 

completely encircled by a range of sand hills�察�reaching north´west to the 

Colorado   river   and   south´east   as   far   as   the   eye   could   discover。   These 

;sables; are probably eighty or ninety miles in extent�察�by five to ten broad。 

     ;Notwithstanding         it  appears   to   be  the   most    desolate    and   forlorn´ 

looking spot for eighty miles around the head of the Gulf�察�the sand hills 

looking like a terrible desert�察�nature seems even here�察�where no rain had 

fallen for eight months�察�to have provided for the sustenance of man�察�one of 

the most nutritious and palatable vegetables。 

     ;East of the Tinaja Alta or high tank range�察�lie the famous Sierras del 

Ajo�察�now United States territory。 These mountains derive their name from 

the vast deposits of red oxide and green carbonate of copper found about 

them�察�and which the Indians have made use of to paint ��ajo�� themselves 

with。   The   mines   are   unquestionably   of   great   value�察  �and   must   become 

important�察�more particularly from their being situated in the neighborhood 

of    the  contemplated       railway。    The    tall  Cereus    Giganteus      and   Agave 



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Americana are found in abundance。 From the latter plant the natives make 

the pulque�察�mezcal and agua´diente�察�and the petahaya or cereus�察�produces 

a   fruit   from   which   is   made   a   very   pleasant   preserve。   At   the   Pimo   and 

Maricopa       villages   are  found    wheat�察   �corn�察  �tobaco�察   �and   cotton�察  �besides 

melons�察�pumpkins�察�beans�察�etc。 The nature of the soil for great distances in 

the   Gila   valley  is   of   a   reddish loam�察  �some   parts   coated   with   a   beautiful 

crystallization   of   salt�察  �a   quarter   to   half   an   inch   thick。   This   seems   to   be 

more particularly the case below the Maricopa villages and toward the Rio 

Salado。 The cotton�察�of which I procured specimens�察�though cultivated by 

the Indians in the most primitive manner�察�exhibited a texture not unlike the 

celebrated Sea Island cotton。 Its fibre is exceedingly soft and silky�察�but not 

of the longest staple。 Large tracts of land on the Gila and in other portions 

of this district�察�appear to possess the same properties of soil�察�and where�察�I 

have     no  doubt�察   �the  finest   cotton   will   soon   be   extensively     raised   and 

brought to its highest state of perfection by proper cultivation。; 

     The climate is thus referred to by Gray�此�

     ;One of the most favorable features upon the route in the vicinity of 

the 32nd degree proposed for the Pacific railway is�察�its accessibility at all 

times�察�admitting of labor being performed in the open air at each season。 

The   nature   of   the   climate   through   Texas   to   the   Rio   Grande   has   already 

been referred to�察�and from thence to the Santa Cruz valley half way to the 

Colorado�察  �over   the   elevated   plateau   of   the   Sierra   Madra�察  �it   is   equally 

salubrious   and   temperate。 The  rainy  season   falls   in   the  summer   months�察�

and but seldom is snow seen even upon the mountain tops。 Towards the 

Colorado river it is much drier and more torrid�察�but by no means unhealthy�察�

nor does it prevent out door work the whole of the day during the heated 

term of summer。 

     ;The   great   riches   of   the   country�察  �however�察  �are   a   total   waste   at   the 

present time�察�but which the Pacific railroad will at once develop�察�and make 

to itself the foundation of a vast revenue。 I refer to its metallic wealth�察�the 

silver�察�gold�察�and copper mines that abound in almost every mountain and 

valley�察�between the Rio Grande and the Gulf of California。 

     ;The ores of Chihuahua and Sonora ��now Arizona。 S。 M。�А�are chiefly 

sulphuret      ��lead   or  iron���察  �or  native    silver   in  porphyritic     or  stratified 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



limestone rocks passing at greater depths into igneous rocks。 From loose 

piles    lying    upon    the   surface    and    evidently    picked     over�察  �I  procured 

specimens of silvier and copper。 Three samples representing points on the 

line   of   our   exploration   about   equi´distant   from   each   other�察  �viz。�此  �the   Rio 

Grande�察�the neighborhood of Tubac�察�and within 90 miles of the junction of 

the Gila and Colorado rivers�察�were submitted to Dr。 I。 K。 Chilton�察�of New 

York�察  �for   analysis。   He   found   in   one   sample   of   lead   ore   ��argentiferous 

galena���察  �by   fire   assay   71   per   cent。   of   lead�察  �and   the   ;LEAD   YIELDED 

SILVER        EQUIVALENT           to   128   ounces�察    �1  dwt。   to  the   ton;   ��of    2000 

pounds��。 

     ;In another�察 �he   found   the lead   obtained   from  it   to   yield   silver in the 

proportion of 72 ounces 5 dwts。 to the ton or 2000 pounds。 

 

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