the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及7嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
precious metals are said to abound。 The famous Planchas de Plata and
Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Boulbon attempted to
take possession of�察�are in this section of country�察�not many miles below the
present limits�察 �and at several of the old ranchos and deserted mining
villages which we visited�察 �were found the argentiferous galena ore and
gold。 The Sierra Santa Rita runs along to the east of the Santa Cruz valley�察�
and forms a part of this interesting region。 It is very high and bold�察�filled
with fertile valleys and flowing rivulets�察�and covered with a dense growth
of timber。 I saw much of this district�察�when here in 1851�察�on the survey of
the boundry。;
The country bordering immediately the head of the Gulf of California�察�
through which Gray was probably the first to penetrate�察�lies adjacent to the
proposed Arizona Territory�察�but not a part of the same�察�being a portion of
the State of Sonora。 He thus describes that section�此�
;The Indians represent rich Placers existing throughout this region�察�
and large numbers of them had lately come in with considerable quantities
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
of the dust。 They were trading it for trifles to the Mexicans。 I got some
specimens of it which was the same as the California Gold。 This was not
the time of year ��June�� for them to work the mines�察�but in the fall�察�after the
rain has commenced。 The greatest drawback to the profitable working of
the Placers of this district�察�is the scarcity of water。 If artesian wells succeed�察�
there is little doubt that it will create an important change。 West from
Tuseon and Tubac�察 �towards the Gulf of California�察 �the country presents
more the appearance of a barren waste or desert than any district I have
seen。 It nevertheless has occasional oases�察 �with fine grazing lands about
them�察 �and the mountains�察 �which are more broken and detached�察 �have
distinct marks of volcanic origin。 The ranges though short�察�have generally
the same parallel direction as those further east。 It is the country of the
Papago Indians�察�a peaceful and friendly tribe�察�extending down to the Gulf
coast�察 �where they are mixed up somewhat with the Cocopas of the
Colorado。 From Sonoita I explored to the Gulf shore�察�near the mouth of
Adair Bay。 It was 62 miles�察�following a dry arroya most of the way�察�and
the point at which I struck the Gulf was in latitude 31 degrees 36 minutes
34 minutes。 The ;Bay; is about 15 miles across�察�and from all I could learn�察�
15 miles long�察 �and represented as having four fathoms of water。 It is
completely encircled by a range of sand hills�察�reaching north´west to the
Colorado river and south´east as far as the eye could discover。 These
;sables; are probably eighty or ninety miles in extent�察�by five to ten broad。
;Notwithstanding it appears to be the most desolate and forlorn´
looking spot for eighty miles around the head of the Gulf�察�the sand hills
looking like a terrible desert�察�nature seems even here�察�where no rain had
fallen for eight months�察�to have provided for the sustenance of man�察�one of
the most nutritious and palatable vegetables。
;East of the Tinaja Alta or high tank range�察�lie the famous Sierras del
Ajo�察�now United States territory。 These mountains derive their name from
the vast deposits of red oxide and green carbonate of copper found about
them�察�and which the Indians have made use of to paint ��ajo�� themselves
with。 The mines are unquestionably of great value�察 �and must become
important�察�more particularly from their being situated in the neighborhood
of the contemplated railway。 The tall Cereus Giganteus and Agave
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Americana are found in abundance。 From the latter plant the natives make
the pulque�察�mezcal and agua´diente�察�and the petahaya or cereus�察�produces
a fruit from which is made a very pleasant preserve。 At the Pimo and
Maricopa villages are found wheat�察 �corn�察 �tobaco�察 �and cotton�察 �besides
melons�察�pumpkins�察�beans�察�etc。 The nature of the soil for great distances in
the Gila valley is of a reddish loam�察 �some parts coated with a beautiful
crystallization of salt�察 �a quarter to half an inch thick。 This seems to be
more particularly the case below the Maricopa villages and toward the Rio
Salado。 The cotton�察�of which I procured specimens�察�though cultivated by
the Indians in the most primitive manner�察�exhibited a texture not unlike the
celebrated Sea Island cotton。 Its fibre is exceedingly soft and silky�察�but not
of the longest staple。 Large tracts of land on the Gila and in other portions
of this district�察�appear to possess the same properties of soil�察�and where�察�I
have no doubt�察 �the finest cotton will soon be extensively raised and
brought to its highest state of perfection by proper cultivation。;
The climate is thus referred to by Gray�此�
;One of the most favorable features upon the route in the vicinity of
the 32nd degree proposed for the Pacific railway is�察�its accessibility at all
times�察�admitting of labor being performed in the open air at each season。
The nature of the climate through Texas to the Rio Grande has already
been referred to�察�and from thence to the Santa Cruz valley half way to the
Colorado�察 �over the elevated plateau of the Sierra Madra�察 �it is equally
salubrious and temperate。 The rainy season falls in the summer months�察�
and but seldom is snow seen even upon the mountain tops。 Towards the
Colorado river it is much drier and more torrid�察�but by no means unhealthy�察�
nor does it prevent out door work the whole of the day during the heated
term of summer。
;The great riches of the country�察 �however�察 �are a total waste at the
present time�察�but which the Pacific railroad will at once develop�察�and make
to itself the foundation of a vast revenue。 I refer to its metallic wealth�察�the
silver�察�gold�察�and copper mines that abound in almost every mountain and
valley�察�between the Rio Grande and the Gulf of California。
;The ores of Chihuahua and Sonora ��now Arizona。 S。 M。�А�are chiefly
sulphuret ��lead or iron���察 �or native silver in porphyritic or stratified
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
limestone rocks passing at greater depths into igneous rocks。 From loose
piles lying upon the surface and evidently picked over�察 �I procured
specimens of silvier and copper。 Three samples representing points on the
line of our exploration about equi´distant from each other�察 �viz。�此 �the Rio
Grande�察�the neighborhood of Tubac�察�and within 90 miles of the junction of
the Gila and Colorado rivers�察�were submitted to Dr。 I。 K。 Chilton�察�of New
York�察 �for analysis。 He found in one sample of lead ore ��argentiferous
galena���察 �by fire assay 71 per cent。 of lead�察 �and the ;LEAD YIELDED
SILVER EQUIVALENT to 128 ounces�察 �1 dwt。 to the ton; ��of 2000
pounds��。
;In another�察 �he found the lead obtained from it to yield silver in the
proportion of 72 ounces 5 dwts。 to the ton or 2000 pounds。