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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




those who were 'sullen in the sweet air��' saying for ever and ever 

through their sighs ´





'Tristi fummo

Nell aer dolce che dal sol s'allegra。'





I knew the church condemned ACCIDIA�察�but the whole idea seemed to 

me quite fantastic�察�just the sort of sin�察�I fancied�察�a priest who 

knew nothing about real life would invent。  Nor could I understand 

how Dante�察�who says that 'sorrow remarries us to God��' could have 

been so harsh to those who were enamoured of melancholy�察�if any 

such there really were。  I had no idea that some day this would 

become to me one of the greatest temptations of my life。



While I was in Wandsworth prison I longed to die。  It was my one 

desire。  When after two months in the infirmary I was transferred 

here�察�and found myself growing gradually better in physical health�察�

I was filled with rage。  I determined to commit suicide on the very 

day on which I left prison。  After a time that evil mood passed 

away�察�and I made up my mind to live�察�but to wear gloom as a king 

wears purple�此 �never to smile again�此 �to turn whatever house I 

entered into a house of mourning�此 �to make my friends walk slowly 

in sadness with me�此 �to teach them that melancholy is the true 

secret of life�此 �to maim them with an alien sorrow�此 �to mar them 

with my own pain。  Now I feel quite differently。  I see it would be 

both ungrateful and unkind of me to pull so long a face that when 

my friends came to see me they would have to make their faces still 

longer in order to show their sympathy�察�or�察�if I desired to 

entertain them�察�to invite them to sit down silently to bitter herbs 

and funeral baked meats。  I must learn how to be cheerful and 

happy。



The last two occasions on which I was allowed to see my friends 

here�察�I tried to be as cheerful as possible�察�and to show my 

cheerfulness�察�in order to make them some slight return for their 

trouble in coming all the way from town to see me。  It is only a 

slight return�察�I know�察�but it is the one�察�I feel certain�察�that 

pleases them most。  I saw R´ for an hour on Saturday week�察�and I 

tried to give the fullest possible expression of the delight I 

really felt at our meeting。  And that�察�in the views and ideas I am 

here shaping for myself�察�I am quite right is shown to me by the 

fact that now for the first time since my imprisonment I have a 

real desire for life。



There is before me so much to do�察�that I would regard it as a 

terrible tragedy if I died before I was allowed to complete at any 

rate a little of it。  I see new developments in art and life�察�each 

one of which is a fresh mode of perfection。  I long to live so that 

I can explore what is no less than a new world to me。  Do you want 

to know what this new world is�拭 �I think you can guess what it is。  

It is the world in which I have been living。  Sorrow�察�then�察�and all 

that it teaches one�察�is my new world。



I used to live entirely for pleasure。  I shunned suffering and 

sorrow of every kind。  I hated both。  I resolved to ignore them as 

far as possible�此 �to treat them�察�that is to say�察�as modes of 

imperfection。  They were not part of my scheme of life。  They had 

no place in my philosophy。  My mother�察�who knew life as a whole�察�

used often to quote to me Goethe's lines ´ written by Carlyle in a 

book he had given her years ago�察�and translated by him�察�I fancy�察�

also�此�





'Who never ate his bread in sorrow��

Who never spent the midnight hours

Weeping and waiting for the morrow�察 �

He knows you not�察�ye heavenly powers。'





They were the lines which that noble Queen of Prussia�察�whom 

Napoleon treated with such coarse brutality�察�used to quote in her 

humiliation and exile�察�they were the lines my mother often quoted 

in the troubles of her later life。  I absolutely declined to accept 

or admit the enormous truth hidden in them。  I could not understand 

it。  I remember quite well how I used to tell her that I did not 

want to eat my bread in sorrow�察�or to pass any night weeping and 

watching for a more bitter dawn。



I had no idea that it was one of the special things that the Fates 

had in store for me�此 �that for a whole year of my life�察�indeed�察�I 

was to do little else。  But so has my portion been meted out to me�察�

and during the last few months I have�察�after terrible difficulties 

and struggles�察�been able to comprehend some of the lessons hidden 

in the heart of pain。  Clergymen and people who use phrases without 

wisdom sometimes talk of suffering as a mystery。  It is really a 

revelation。  One discerns things one never discerned before。  One 

approaches the whole of history from a different standpoint。  What 

one had felt dimly�察�through instinct�察�about art�察�is intellectually 

and emotionally realised with perfect clearness of vision and 

absolute intensity of apprehension。



I now see that sorrow�察�being the supreme emotion of which man is 

capable�察�is at once the type and test of all great art。  What the 

artist is always looking for is the mode of existence in which soul 

and body are one and indivisible�此 �in which the outward is 

expressive of the inward�此 �in which form reveals。  Of such modes of 

existence there are not a few�此 �youth and the arts preoccupied with 

youth may serve as a model for us at one moment�此 �at another we may 

like to think that�察�in its subtlety and sensitiveness of 

impression�察�its suggestion of a spirit dwelling in external things 

and making its raiment of earth and air�察�of mist and city alike�察�

and in its morbid sympathy of its moods�察�and tones�察�and colours�察�

modern landscape art is realising for us pictorially what was 

realised in such plastic perfection by the Greeks。  Music�察�in which 

all subject is absorbed in expression and cannot be separated from 

it�察�is a complex example�察�and a flower or a child a simple example�察�

of what I mean�察�but sorrow is the ultimate type both in life and 

art。



Behind joy and laughter there may be a temperament�察�coarse�察�hard 

and callous。  But behind sorrow there is always sorrow。  Pain�察�

unlike pleasure�察�wears no mask。  Truth in art is not any 

correspondence between the essential idea and the accidental 

existence�察�it is not the resemblance of shape to shadow�察�or of the 

form mirrored in the crystal to the form itself�察�it is no echo 

coming from a hollow hill�察�any more than it is a silver well of 

water in the valley that shows the moon to the moon and Narcissus 

to Narcissus。  Truth in art is the unity of a thing with itself�此 �

the outward rendered expressive of the inward�此 �the soul made 

incarnate�此 �the body instinct with spirit。  For this reason there 

is no truth comparable to sorrow。  There are times when sorrow 

seems to me to be the only truth。  Other things may be illusions of 

the eye or the appetite�察�made to blind the one and cloy the other�察�

but out of sorrow have the worlds been built�察�and at the birth of a 

child or a star there is pain。



More than this�察�there is about sorrow an intense�察�an extraordinary 

reality。  I have said of myself that I was one who stood in 

symbolic relations to the art and culture of my age。  There is not 

a single wretched man in this wretched place along with me who does 

not stand in symbolic relation to the very secret of life。  For the 

secret of life is suffering。  It is what is hidden behind 

everything。  When we begin to live�察�what is sweet is so sweet to 

us�察�and what is bitter so bitter�察�that we inevitably direct all our 

desires towards pleasures�察�and seek not merely for a 'month or 

twain to feed on honeycomb��' but for all our years to taste no 

other food�察�ignorant all the while that we may really be starving 

the soul。



I remember talking once on this subject to one of the most 

beautiful personalities I have ever known�此 �a woman�察�whose sympathy 

and noble kindness to me�察�both before and since the tragedy of my 

imprisonment�察�have been beyond power and description�察�one who has 

really assisted me�察�t

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