贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > meno >

第5章

meno-第5章

小说: meno 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!





but four times as much。



  Boy。 True。



  Soc。 Four times four are sixteen…are they not?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 What line would give you a space of right feet; as this gives



one of sixteen feet;…do you see?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And the space of four feet is made from this half line?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Good; and is not a space of eight feet twice the size of



this; and half the size of the other?



  Boy。 Certainly。



  Soc。 Such a space; then; will be made out of a line greater than



this one; and less than that one?



  Boy。 Yes; I think so。



  Soc。 Very good; I like to hear you say what you think。 And now



tell me; is not this a line of two feet and that of four?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Then the line which forms the side of eight feet ought to be



more than this line of two feet; and less than the other of four feet?



  Boy。 It ought。



  Soc。 Try and see if you can tell me how much it will be。



  Boy。 Three feet。



  Soc。 Then if we add a half to this line of two; that will be the



line of three。 Here are two and there is one; and on the other side;



here are two also and there is one: and that makes the figure of which



you speak?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 But if there are three feet this way and three feet that way;



the whole space will be three times three feet?



  Boy。 That is evident。



  Soc。 And how much are three times three feet?



  Boy。 Nine。



  Soc。 And how much is the double of four?



  Boy。 Eight。



  Soc。 Then the figure of eight is not made out of a of three?



  Boy。 No。



  Soc。 But from what line?…tell me exactly; and if you would rather



not reckon; try and show me the line。



  Boy。 Indeed; Socrates; I do not know。



  Soc。 Do you see; Meno; what advances he has made in his power of



recollection? He did not know at first; and he does not know now; what



is the side of a figure of eight feet: but then he thought that he



knew; and answered confidently as if he knew; and had no difficulty;



now he has a difficulty; and neither knows nor fancies that he knows。



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 Is he not better off in knowing his ignorance?



  Men。 I think that he is。



  Soc。 If we have made him doubt; and given him the 〃torpedo's shock;〃



have we done him any harm?



  Men。 I think not。



  Soc。 We have certainly; as would seem; assisted him in some degree



to the discovery of the truth; and now he will wish to remedy his



ignorance; but then he would have been ready to tell all the world



again and again that the double space should have a double side。



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 But do you suppose that he would ever have enquired into or



learned what he fancied that he knew; though he was really ignorant of



it; until he had fallen into perplexity under the idea that he did not



know; and had desired to know?



  Men。 I think not; Socrates。



  Soc。 Then he was the better for the torpedo's touch?



  Men。 I think so。



  Soc。 Mark now the farther development。 I shall only ask him; and not



teach him; and he shall share the enquiry with me: and do you watch



and see if you find me telling or explaining anything to him;



instead of eliciting his opinion。 Tell me; boy; is not this a square



of four feet which I have drawn?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And now I add another square equal to the former one?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And a third; which is equal to either of them?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 Suppose that we fill up the vacant corner?



  Boy。 Very good。



  Soc。 Here; then; there are four equal spaces?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And how many times larger is this space than this other?



  Boy。 Four times。



  Soc。 But it ought to have been twice only; as you will remember。



  Boy。 True。



  Soc。 And does not this line; reaching from corner to corner;



bisect each of these spaces?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And are there not here four equal lines which contain this



space?



  Boy。 There are。



  Soc。 Look and see how much this space is。



  Boy。 I do not understand。



  Soc。 Has not each interior line cut off half of the four spaces?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And how many spaces are there in this section?



  Boy。 Four。



  Soc。 And how many in this?



  Boy。 Two。



  Soc。 And four is how many times two?



  Boy。 Twice。



  Soc。 And this space is of how many feet?



  Boy。 Of eight feet。



  Soc。 And from what line do you get this figure?



  Boy。 From this。



  Soc。 That is; from the line which extends from corner to corner of



the figure of four feet?



  Boy。 Yes。



  Soc。 And that is the line which the learned call the diagonal。 And



if this is the proper name; then you; Meno's slave; are prepared to



affirm that the double space is the square of the diagonal?



  Boy。 Certainly; Socrates。



  Soc。 What do you say of him; Meno? Were not all these answers



given out of his own head?



  Men。 Yes; they were all his own。



  Soc。 And yet; as we were just now saying; he did not know?



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 But still he had in him those notions of his…had he not?



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 Then he who does not know may still have true notions of that



which he does not know?



  Men。 He has。



  Soc。 And at present these notions have just been stirred up in



him; as in a dream; but if he were frequently asked the same



questions; in different forms; he would know as well as any one at



last?



  Men。 I dare say。



  Soc。 Without any one teaching him he will recover his knowledge



for himself; if he is only asked questions?



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 And this spontaneous recovery of knowledge in him is



recollection?



  Men。 True。



  Soc。 And this knowledge which he now has must he not either have



acquired or always possessed?



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 But if he always possessed this knowledge he would always



have known; or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have



acquired it in this life; unless he has been taught geometry; for he



may be made to do the same with all geometry and every other branch of



knowledge。 Now; has any one ever taught him all this? You must know



about him; if; as you say; he was born and bred in your house。



  Men。 And I am certain that no one ever did teach him。



  Soc。 And yet he has the knowledge?



  Men。 The fact; Socrates; is undeniable。



  Soc。 But if he did not acquire the knowledge in this life; then he



must have had and learned it at some other time?



  Men。 Clearly he must。



  Soc。 Which must have been the time when he was not a man?



  Men。 Yes。



  Soc。 And if there have been always true thoughts in him; both at the



time when he was and was not a man; which only need to be awakened



into knowledge by putting questions to him; his soul must have



always possessed this knowledge; for he always either was or was not a



man?



  Men。 Obviously。



  Soc。 And if the truth of all things always existed in the soul; then



the soul is immortal。 Wherefore be of good cheer; and try to recollect



what you do not know; or rather what you do not remember。



  Men。 I feel; somehow; that I like what you are saying。



  Soc。 And I; Meno; like what I am saying。 Some things I have said



of which I am not altogether confident。 But that we shall be better



and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire;



than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there



was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know;…that



is a theme upon which I am ready to fight; in word and deed; to the



utmost of my power。



  Men。 There again; Socrates; your words seem to me excellent。



  Soc。 Then; as we are agreed that a man should enquire about that



which he does not know; shall you and I make an effort to enquire



together into the nature of virtue?



  Men。 By all means; Socrates。 And yet I would much rather retu

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 1 1

你可能喜欢的