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Study of the King James Bible
Study of the King James
Bible
BY CLELAND BOYD McAFEE�察�D。D。
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Study of the King James Bible
PREFACE
THE lectures included in this volume were prepared at the request of
the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences�察 �and were delivered in the
early part of 1912�察 �under its auspices。 They were suggested by the
tercentenary of the King James version of the Bible。 The plan adopted led
to a restatement of the history which prepared for the version�察�and of that
which produced it。 It was natural next to point out its principal
characteristics as a piece of literature。 Two lectures followed�察 �noting its
influence on literature and on history。 The course closed with a statement
and argument regarding the place of the Bible in the life of to´day。
The reception accorded the lectures at the time of their public delivery�察�
and the discussion which ensued upon some of the points raised�察�
encourage the hope that they may be more widely useful。
It is a pleasure to assign to Dr。 Franklin W。 Hooper�察 �director of the
Institute�察�whatever credit the work may merit。 Certainly it would not have
been undertaken without his kindly urgency。
CLELAND BOYD McAFEE。
Brooklyn�察�New York�察�May�察�1912。
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LECTURE I
PREPARING THE WAYTHE ENGLISH BIBLE BEFORE
KING JAMES
THERE are three great Book´religions Judaism�察 �Christianity�察 �and
Mohammedanism。 Other religions have their sacred writings�察�but they do
not hold them in the same regard as do these three。 Buddhism and
Confucianism count their books rather records of their faith than rules for
it�察�history rather than authoritative sources of belief。 The three great Book´
religions yield a measure of authority to their sacred books which would
be utterly foreign to the thought of other faiths。
Yet among the three named are two very distinct attitudes。 To the
Mohammedan the language as well as the matter of the Koran is sacred。
He will not permit its translation。 Its original Arabic is the only
authoritative tongue in which it can speak。 It has been translated into other
tongues�察 �but always by adherents of other faiths�察 �never by its own
believers。 The Hebrew and the Christian�察�on the other hand�察�but notably
the Christian�察 �have persistently sought to make their Bible speak all
languages at all times。
It is a curious fact that a Book written in one tongue should have come
to its largest power in other languages than its own。 The Bible means more
to´day in German and French and English than it does in Hebrew and
Chaldaic and Greek more even than it ever meant in those languages。
There is nothing just like that in literary history。 It is as though
Shakespeare should after a while become negligible for most readers in
English�察�and be a master of thought in Chinese and Hindustani�察�or in some
language yet unborn。
We owe this persistent effort to make the Bible speak the language of
the times to a conviction that the particular language used is not the great
thing�察�that there is something in it which gives it power and value in any
tongue。 No book was ever translated so often。 Men who have known it in
its earliest tongues have realized that their fellows would not learn these
earliest tongues�察�and they have set out to make it speak the tongue their
fellows did know。 Some have protested that there is impiety in making it
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speak the current tongue�察 �and have insisted that men should learn the
earliest speech�察�or at least accept their knowledge of the Book from those
who did know it。 But they have never stopped the movement。 They have
only delayed it。
The first movement to make the Scripture speak the current tongue
appeared nearly three centuries before Christ。 Most of the Old Testament
then existed in Hebrew。 But the Jews had scattered widely。 Many had
gathered in Egypt where Alexander the Great had founded the city that
bears his name。 At one time a third of the population of the city was
Jewish。 Many of the people were passionately loyal to their old religion
and its Sacred Book。 But the current tongue there and through most of the
civilized world was Greek�察�and not Hebrew。 As always�察�there were some
who felt that the Book and its original language were inseparable。 Others
revealed the disposition of which we spoke a moment ago�察�and set out to
make the Book speak the current tongue。 For one hundred and fifty years
the work went on�察�and what we call the Septuagint was completed。 There
is a pretty little story which tells how the version got its name�察 �which
means the Seventythat King Ptolemy Philadelphus�察 �interested in
collecting all sacred books�察�gathered seventy Hebrew scholars�察�sent them
to the island of Pharos�察�shut them up in seventy rooms for seventy days�察�
each making a translation from the Hebrew into the Greek。 When they
came out�察 �behold�察 �their translations were all exactly alike� �Several
difficulties appear in that story�察�one of which is that seventy men should
have made the same mistakes without depending on each other。 In addition�察�
it is not historically supported�察�and the fact seems to be that the Septuagint
was a long and slow growth�察�issuing from the impulse to make the Sacred
Book speak the familiar tongue。 And�察�though it was a Greek translation�察�it
virtually displaced the original�察 �as the English Bible has virtually
displaced the Hebrew and Greek to´day。 The Septuagint was the Old
Testament which Paul used。 Of one hundred and sixty´eight direct
quotations from the Old Testament in the New nearly all are from the
Greek versionfrom the translation�察�and not from the original。
We owe still more to translation。 While there is accumulating evidence
that there was spoken in Palestine at that time a colloquial Greek�察 �with
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which most people would be familiar�察 �it is yet probable that our Lord
spoke neither Greek nor Hebrew currently�察 �but Aramaic。 He knew the
Hebrew Scriptures�察�of course�察�as any well´ trained lad did�察�but most of His
words have come down to us in translation。 His name�察�for example�察�to His
Hebrew mother�察�was not Jesus�察�but Joshua�察�and Jesus is the translation of
the Hebrew Joshua into Greek。 We have His words as they were translated
by His disciples into the Greek�察 �in which the New Testament was
originally written。
By the time the writing of the New Testament was completed�察�say one
hundred years after Christ�察 �wh