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                       Study of the King James Bible 



Study of the King James 

                            Bible 



        BY CLELAND BOYD McAFEE�察�D。D。 



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                                Study of the King James Bible 



                                   PREFACE 



     THE lectures included in this volume were prepared at the request of 

the   Brooklyn   Institute   of   Arts   and   Sciences�察  �and   were   delivered   in   the 

early    part  of   1912�察  �under    its  auspices。   They    were    suggested     by  the 

tercentenary of the King James version of the Bible。 The plan adopted led 

to a restatement of the history which prepared for the version�察�and of that 

which      produced     it。  It  was   natural    next   to   point   out   its  principal 

characteristics   as   a   piece   of   literature。  Two   lectures   followed�察  �noting   its 

influence on literature and on history。 The course closed with a statement 

and argument regarding the place of the Bible in the life of to´day。 

     The reception accorded the lectures at the time of their public delivery�察�

and    the   discussion     which    ensued     upon    some    of   the   points   raised�察�

encourage the hope that they may be more widely useful。 

     It   is   a   pleasure   to   assign   to   Dr。   Franklin   W。   Hooper�察  �director   of   the 

Institute�察�whatever credit the work may merit。 Certainly it would not have 

been           undertaken            without          his         kindly          urgency。 

CLELAND BOYD McAFEE。 

       Brooklyn�察�New York�察�May�察�1912。 



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                                Study of the King James Bible 



                                LECTURE I 



         PREPARING THE WAYTHE ENGLISH BIBLE BEFORE 

                                    KING JAMES 

     THERE   are   three   great   Book´religions   Judaism�察  �Christianity�察  �and 

Mohammedanism。 Other religions have their sacred writings�察�but they do 

not    hold   them   in  the   same    regard   as  do   these   three。  Buddhism      and 

Confucianism count their books rather records of their faith than rules for 

it�察�history rather than authoritative sources of belief。 The three great Book´ 

religions yield a measure of authority to their sacred books which would 

be utterly foreign to the thought of other faiths。 

     Yet   among   the   three   named   are   two   very   distinct   attitudes。   To   the 

Mohammedan the language as well as the matter of the Koran is sacred。 

He     will  not   permit    its  translation。    Its  original   Arabic     is  the   only 

authoritative tongue in which it can speak。 It has been translated into other 

tongues�察    �but   always    by   adherents    of  other   faiths�察  �never   by   its  own 

believers。 The Hebrew  and the Christian�察�on the other   hand�察�but notably 

the   Christian�察   �have   persistently    sought    to  make    their  Bible   speak    all 

languages at all times。 

     It is a curious fact that a Book written in one tongue should have come 

to its largest power in other languages than its own。 The Bible means more 

to´day   in   German   and   French   and   English   than   it   does   in   Hebrew   and 

Chaldaic   and   Greek   more   even   than   it   ever   meant   in   those   languages。 

There     is  nothing    just   like  that   in  literary   history。   It  is  as  though 

Shakespeare   should   after   a   while   become   negligible   for   most   readers   in 

English�察�and be a master of thought in Chinese and Hindustani�察�or in some 

language yet unborn。 

     We owe this persistent effort to make the Bible speak the language of 

the times to a conviction that the particular language used is not the great 

thing�察�that there is something in it which gives it power and value in any 

tongue。 No book was ever translated so often。 Men who have known it in 

its earliest tongues have realized that their fellows would not learn these 

earliest tongues�察�and they have set out to make it speak the tongue their 

fellows did know。 Some have protested that there is impiety in making it 



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speak   the   current   tongue�察  �and   have   insisted   that   men   should   learn   the 

earliest speech�察�or at least accept their knowledge of the Book from those 

who did know it。 But they have never stopped the movement。 They have 

only delayed it。 

     The   first   movement   to   make   the   Scripture   speak   the   current   tongue 

appeared nearly three centuries before Christ。 Most of the Old Testament 

then   existed   in   Hebrew。   But   the   Jews   had   scattered   widely。   Many   had 

gathered   in   Egypt   where Alexander   the   Great   had   founded   the   city   that 

bears   his   name。   At   one   time   a   third   of   the   population   of   the   city   was 

Jewish。 Many of the people were passionately loyal to their old   religion 

and its Sacred Book。 But the current tongue there and through most of the 

civilized world was Greek�察�and not Hebrew。 As always�察�there were some 

who felt that the Book and its original language were inseparable。 Others 

revealed the disposition of which we spoke a moment ago�察�and set out to 

make the Book speak the current tongue。 For one hundred and fifty years 

the work went on�察�and what we call the Septuagint was completed。 There 

is   a   pretty   little   story   which   tells   how   the   version   got   its   name�察  �which 

means       the   Seventythat      King     Ptolemy      Philadelphus�察      �interested     in 

collecting all sacred books�察�gathered seventy Hebrew scholars�察�sent them 

to the island of Pharos�察�shut them up in seventy rooms for seventy days�察�

each   making   a   translation   from   the   Hebrew   into   the   Greek。   When   they 

came      out�察  �behold�察   �their   translations     were    all  exactly    alike�    �Several 

difficulties appear in that story�察�one of which is that seventy men should 

have made the same mistakes without depending on each other。 In addition�察�

it is not historically supported�察�and the fact seems to be that the Septuagint 

was a long and slow growth�察�issuing from the impulse to make the Sacred 

Book speak the familiar tongue。 And�察�though it was a Greek translation�察�it 

virtually     displaced     the   original�察   �as   the   English     Bible    has   virtually 

displaced      the  Hebrew      and   Greek    to´day。    The   Septuagint     was    the  Old 

Testament       which     Paul    used。   Of    one   hundred      and   sixty´eight     direct 

quotations   from   the   Old   Testament   in   the   New   nearly   all   are   from   the 

Greek versionfrom the translation�察�and not from the original。 

     We owe still more to translation。 While there is accumulating evidence 

that   there   was   spoken   in   Palestine   at   that   time   a   colloquial   Greek�察  �with 



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which   most   people   would   be   familiar�察  �it   is   yet   probable   that   our   Lord 

spoke   neither   Greek   nor   Hebrew   currently�察  �but   Aramaic。   He   knew   the 

Hebrew Scriptures�察�of course�察�as any well´ trained lad did�察�but most of His 

words have come down to us in translation。 His name�察�for example�察�to His 

Hebrew mother�察�was not Jesus�察�but Joshua�察�and Jesus is the translation of 

the Hebrew Joshua into Greek。 We have His words as they were translated 

by    His    disciples    into   the   Greek�察   �in   which     the   New     Testament      was 

originally written。 

     By the time the writing of the New Testament was completed�察�say one 

hundred      years    after   Christ�察  �wh

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