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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及14嫗

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under discussion over into English�察�letter by letter。 Our word ;baptism; is 

not   an   English   word   nor   a   Saxon   word�察  �it   is   a   purely   Greek   word。  The 

controversy has been brought over into the English language�察�but the King 

James version avoided becoming a controversial book。 A number of years 

ago   the   convictions   of   some   were   so   strong   that   another   version   of   the 

Bible   was   made�察  �in   which   the   word   baptism   was   carefully   replaced   by 

what   was   believed   to   be   the   English   translation�察   �immersion�察─  �but   the 

version never had wide influence。 

     In   this   connection   it   is   well   to   notice   the   effort   of   the   King   James 

translators at a fair statement of the divine name。 It will be remembered 

that   it   appears   in   the   Old   Testament   ordinarily   as   ;LORD�察─  �printed   in 

small   capitals。  A  very   interesting   bit   of   verbal   history   lies   back   of   that 

word。 The word which represents the divine name in Hebrew consists of 

four consonants�察�J or Y�察�H�察�V�察�and H。 There are no vowels�察�indeed�察�there 

were no vowels in the early Hebrew at all。 Those that we now have were 

added      not   far   from    the   time    of   Christ。   No    one    knows      the   original 

pronunciation   of   that   sacred   name   consisting   of   four   letters。   At   a   very 

early day it had become too sacred to pronounce�察�so that when men came 

to   it   in   reading   or   in   speech�察  �they   simply   used   another   word   which   is�察�

translated into English�察�Lord�察�a word of high dignity。 When the time came 

that vowels were to be added to the consonants�察�the vowels of this other 

word Lord were placed under the consonants of the sacred name�察�so that in 

the word Jehovah�察�where the J H V H occur�察�there are the consonants of 

one   word   whose   vowels   are   unknown   and   the   vowels   of   another   word 

whose consonants are not used。 



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     Illustrate it by imagining that in American literature the name Lincoln 

gathered to itself such sacredness that it was never pronounced and only 

its consonants were ever printed。 Suppose that whenever readers came to it 

they simply said Washington�察�thinking Lincoln all the while。 Then think of 

the displacement of the vowels of Lincoln by the vowels of Washington。 

You have a word that looks like Lancilon or Lanicoln�察�but a reader would 

never pronounce so strange a word。 He would always say Washington�察�yet 

he would always think the other meaning。 And while he would retain the 

meaning in some degree�察�he would soon forget the original word�察�retaining 

only his awe of it。 Which is just what happened with the divine name。 The 

Hebrews knew it was not Lord�察�yet they always said Lord when they came 

to the four letters that stood for the sacred word。 The word Jehovah�察�made 

up of   the   consonants   of   an   unknown   word   and   the vowels   of   a   familiar 

word�察  �is   in   itself   meaningless。   Scholarship   is   not   yet   sure   what   was   the 

original meaning of the sacred name with its four consonants。 

     These translators had to face that problem。 It was a peculiar problem at 

that time。 How should they put into English the august name of God when 

they did not know what the true vowels were�拭�There was dispute among 

scholars。 They did not take sides as our later American Revision has done�察�

some of us think quite unwisely。 They chose to retain the Hebrew usage�察�

and    print   the  divine    name    in  unmistakable      type   so   that  its  personal 

meaning could not be mistaken。 

     On   the   other   hand�察  �disputes   since   their   day   have   shown   how   they 

translated when transliteration would have been wiser。 Illustrate with one 

instance。   There   is   a   Hebrew   word�察  �Sheol�察  �with   a   Greek   word�察  �Hades�察�

which corresponds to it。 Usage had adopted the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as 

the equivalent of both of these words�察�so they translated Sheol and Hades 

with the English word Hell。 The only question that had been raised was by 

that   Hugh   Broughton   of  whom  we   were  speaking   a   moment   ago�察 �and   it 

had   not   seemed   a   serious   one。   Certainly   the   three   terms   have   much   in 

common�察�and there are places where both the original words seemed to be 

virtually  equivalent to the Anglo´Saxon   Hell�察�but they  are   not the   same。 

The Revised Version of our own time returned to the original�察�and instead 

of translating those words whose meaning can be debated�察�it transliterated 



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them and brought the Hebrew word Sheol and the Greek word Hades over 

into English。 That�察�of course�察�gave a chance for paragraphers to say that 

the Revised Version had read Hell out of the Scriptures。 All that happened 

was that cognizance was taken of a dispute which would have guided the 

King James translators if it had existed in their time�察�and we should not 

have become familiar with the Anglo´Saxon word Hell as the translation 

of those disputed Hebrew and Greek words。 

     We   need   not   seek   more   instances。 These are   enough to   illustrate   the 

saying that here is an honest version�察�the fruit of the best scholarship of the 

times�察�without prejudice。 

     II。 A second trait of the work as a version is its remarkable accuracy。 It 

is surprising that with all the new light coming from early documents�察�with 

all the new discoveries that have been made。 the latest revision needed to 

make so few changes�察�and those for the most part minor ones。 There are�察�

to be sure�察�some important changes�察�as we shall see later�察�the wonder is 

that there are not many more。 The King James version had�察�to be sure�察�the 

benefit   of   all   the   earlier   controversy。 The   whole   ground   had   been   really 

fought over   in   the   centuries   before�察  �and   most   of   the   questions   had   been 

discussed。 They frankly made use of all the earlier controversy。 They say 

in their preface�此 �Truly�察�good Christian reader�察�we never thought from the 

beginning that we should need to make a new translation�察�nor yet to make 

a bad one a good one�察�but to make a good one better。 That hath been our 

endeavor�察  �that   our   work。; Also�察  �they   had   the   advantage   of   deliberation。 

This was the first version that had been made which had such sanction that 

they could take their time�察�and in which they had no reason to fear that the 

results would endanger them。 They say in their preface that they had not 

run    over   their   work    with    that  ;posting    haste;    that   had   marked     the 

Septuagint�察�if the saying was true that they did it all in seventy´two days�察�

nor were they ;barred and hindered from going over it again�察─�as Jerome 

himself   said   he   had   been�察  �since   as   soon   as   he   wrote   any   part   ;it   was 

snatched away from him and published;�察�nor were they ;working in a new 

field�察─�as   Origen   was   when he   wrote his   first   commentary  on   the   Bible。 

Both   these   thingstheir   taking   advantage   of   earlier   controversies   which 

had cleared many differences�察�and their deliberationwere supplemented 



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by    a  third   which    gave    great   accuracy      to  the   version。    That   was    their 

adoption of the principle of all early translators�察�perhaps worded best by 

Purvey�察  �who   completed   the   Wiclif   version�此   �The   best   translation   is   to 

translate   after   the   sentence�察  �and   not   only   after   the   words�察  �so

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