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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及22嫗

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Greek。 You   seldom   find   any   turn   of   a   word   in   the   King   James   version�察�

though   you   do   occasionally   find   it   in   the   Hebrew。   One   such   punning 

expression       occurs    in   the   story   of  Samson      ��Judges     xv��16���察   �where     our 

version   reads�此   �With   the   jawbone  of   an   ass�察  �heaps   upon   heaps�察  �with   the 

jawbone of an ass have I slain a thousand men。; In the Hebrew the words 

translated ;ass; and ;heaps; are variants of the same word。 It comes near 

the   Hebrew   to   say�此   �With   the   jawbone   of   an   ass�察  �masses   upon   masses�察─�



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and so on。 These translators would not risk reproducing such puns for fear 

of lowering the dignity of their results。 There is a deadly seriousness about 

their work and so they never lose strength as they go on。 

     That     earnestness      grows      out   of   a   second     fact    which     may     be 

emphasizednamely�察�the greatness of the themes of Bible literature。 Here 

is history�察�but it is not cast into fiction form。 History always becomes more 

interesting for a first reading when it is in the form of fiction�察�but it always 

loses   greatness   in   that   form。   Test   it   by   turning   from   a   history   of   the 

American revolutionary or civil war to an historical novel that deals with 

the same period�察�or from a history of Scotland to the Waverly novels。 In 

some degree the earnestness of the time is lost�察�the same facts are there�察�

but they do not loom so large�察�nor do they seem so great。 So there is power 

in the fact that the historical elements of the version are in stately form and 

are never sacrificed to the fictional form。 

     These great themes save the work from being local。 It issues from life�察�

but   from   life   considered   in   the   large。   The   themes   of   great   literature   are 

great    enough      to  make     their   immediate       surroundings      forgotten。     ;The 

English Bible deals with the great facts and the great problems。 It is from 

the point of view of those great facts that it   handles even   commonplace 

things�察�and you forget the commonplaceness of the things in the greatness 

of the dealing。 Take its attitude toward God。 One needs the sense of that 

great theme to read it fairly。 It quietly overlooks secondary causes�察�goes 

back   of   them   to   God。   Partly   that   was   because   the   original   writers   were 

ignorant of some of those secondary causes�察�partly that they knew them�察�

but wanted to go farther back。 Take the most outstanding instance�察�that of 

the   Book   of   Jonah。 All   its   facts�察  �without   exception�察  �can   be   told   without 

mention of God�察�if one cared to do it。 But there could not be anything like 

so   great   a   story   if   it   is   told   that   way。   One   of   his   biographers   says   of 

Lincoln      that   there    is  nothing     in  his   whole     career    which     calls   for 

explanation in other than a purely natural and human way。 That is true�察�if 

one does not care to go any farther back than that。 But the greatest story 

cannot be made out of Lincoln's life on those terms。 There is not material 

enough�察  �the   life   must   be   delocalized。   It   can   be   told   without   that   larger 

view�察�so that it will be of interest to America and American children�察�but 



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not so that it will be of value to generations of men in all countries and 

under all circumstances if it is told on those terms。 Part of the greatness of 

Scripture�察�from a literary point of view�察�is that it has such a tremendous 

range   of   theme�察  �and   is   saved   from   a   mere   narration   of   local   events   by 

seeing those events in the light of larger considerations。 

     Let   that   stand   for   one   of   the   great   facts。   Now   take   one   of   the   great 

problems。 The thing that makes Job so great a classic is the fact that�察�while 

it is dealing with a character�察�he is standing for the problem of undeserved 

suffering。   A   man   who   has   that   before   him�察  �if   he   has   at   all   the   gift   of 

imagination�察�is sure to write in a far larger way than when he is dealing 

with a man with boils as though he were finally important。 One could deal 

with Job as a character�察�and do a small piece of work。 But when you deal 

with Job as a type�察�a much larger opportunity offers。 

     It   is   these   great   ideas�察  �as   to   either   facts   or   problems�察  �that   give   the 

seriousness�察�the earnestness to the literature of the Bible。 Men who express 

great   ideas   in   literary   form   are   not   dilettante   about   them。   One   of   the 

English      writers    just   now     prominent      as   an   essayist    is   often   counted 

whimsical�察  �trifling。   One   of   his   near   friends   keenly   resents   that   opinion�察�

insists    instead    that   he   is  dead    in   earnest�察  �serious     to  the   last  degree�察�

purposeful in all his work。 What makes that so difficult to believe is that 

there   is   always   a   tone   of   chaffing   in   his   essays。   He   seems   always   to   be 

making fun of himself or of other people�察�and if he is dead in earnest he 

has the wrong style to make great literature or literature that will live long。 

     It is that earnestness and greatness of theme which puts the tang into 

the English of the Bible。 Coleridge says that ;after reading Isaiah or the 

Epistle  to   the   Hebrews�察  �Homer   and Virgil   are  disgustingly  tame�察  �Milton 

himself barely tolerable。; It need not be put quite so strongly as that�察�but 

there is large warrant of fact in that expression。 

     Go a little farther in thought of the literary characteristics of the Bible。 

Notice the variety of the forms involved。 Recall Professor Moulton's four 

cardinal   points   in   literature�察  �all   of   it   taking   one   of   these   forms�此  �either 

description�察  �when   a   scene   is   given   in   the   words   of   the   author�察  �as   when 

Milton and Homer describe scenes without pretending to give the words of 

the actors throughout�察�or�察�secondly�察�presentation�察�when a scene is given in 



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the words of those who took part in it�察�and the author does not appear�察�as�察�

of course�察�in the plays of Shakespeare�察�when he never appears�察�but where 

all his sentiments are put in the words of others。 As between those two�察�the 

Bible is predominantly a book of description�察�the authors for the most part 

doing the speaking�察�though there is�察�of course�察�an element of presentation。 

Professor   Moulton   goes   on   with   the   two   other   phases   of   literary   form�此�

prose�察  �moving   in   the   region   limited   by   facts�察  �as   history   and   philosophy 

deal only with what actually has existence�察�and poetry�察�which by its Greek 

origin   means   creative   literature。   He   reminds   us   that�察  �however   literature 

starts�察�these are the points toward which it moves�察�the paths it takes。 All 

four of them appear in the literature of the English Bible。 You have more 

of   prose   and   less   of   poetry�察  �but   the   poetry   is   there�察  �not   in   the   sense   of 

rhyme�察�but in the sense of real creative literature。 

     A more natural way of considering the literature has been followed by 

Professor Gardiner。 He finds four elements in the literature of the Bible�此�its 

narrative�察    �its   poetry�察  �its   philosophizing�察      �and    its  prophecy。     It  is   not 

necessary for our purpose to go into details about that。 We shall have all 

we need

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