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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及27嫗

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     First�察  �the   style   of  the  King    James     version    has   influenced     English 

literature markedly。  Professor Gardiner   opens one of his essays   with the 

dictum that ;in all study of English literature�察�if there be any one axiom 

which may be accepted without question�察�it is that the ultimate standard of 

English prose style is set by the King James version of the Bible。;��1�А�You 

almost      measure      the   strength    of   writing    by    its  agreement      with    the 

predominant traits of this version。 Carlyle's weakest works are those that 

lose   the   honest   simplicity   of   its   style   in   a   forced   turgidity   and   affected 

roughness。 His Heroes and Hero Worship or his French Revolution shows 

his   distinctive   style�察  �and   yet   shows   the   influence   of   this   simpler   style�察�

while his Frederick the Great is almost impossible because he has given 

full   play   to   his   broken   and   disconnected   sentences。   On   the   other   hand�察�

Macaulay fails us most in his striving for effect�察�making nice balance of 

sentences�察�straining his ;either´or�察─�or his   ;while´one´was´doing´this´the´ 

other´was´       doing´that。;     Then     his   sentences     grow     involved�察    �and    his 

paragraphs lengthen�察�and he swings away from the style of the King James 



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version。     ;One    can    say   that  if  any   writing    departs    very    far  from    the 

characteristics of the English Bible it is not good English writing。; 

       ��1�А�Atlantic Monthly�察�May�察�1900�察�p。 684。 

       The second element which English literature finds in the Bible is its 

LANGUAGE。 The words of the Bible are the familiar ones of the English 

tongue�察�and have been kept familiar by the use of the Bible。 The result is 

that ;the path of literature lies parallel to that of religion。 They are old and 

dear companions�察�brethren indeed of one blood�察�not always agreeing�察�to be 

sure�察    �squabbling       rather   in    true   brotherly     fashion     now     and    then�察�

occasionally falling out very seriously and bitterly�察�but still interdependent 

and   necessary  to   each   other。;��1�А�Years   ago   a   writer   remarked   that   every 

student   of   English   literature�察  �or   of   English   speech�察  �finds   three   works   or 

subjects   referred   to�察  �or   quoted   from�察  �more   frequently  than   others。 These 

are the Bible�察�tales of Greek and Roman mythology�察�and Aesop's Fables。 

Of    these    three�察  �certainly    the   Bible    furnishes     the   largest   number      of 

references。 There is reason for that。 A writer wants an audience。 Very few 

men can claim to be independent of the public for which they write。 There 

is nothing the public will be more apt to understand and appreciate quickly 

than a passing reference to the English Bible。 So it comes about that when 

Dickens      is  describing     the   injustice   of   the  Murdstones       to  little  David 

Copperfield�察      �he  can    put  the   whole    matter    before    us  in   a  parenthesis�此�

;Though there was One once who set a child in the midst of the disciples。; 

Dickens   knew   that   his   readers   would   at   once   catch   the   meaning   of   that 

reference�察�and would feel the contrast between the scene he was describing 

and that simple scene。 Take any of the great books of literature and black 

out   the   phrases   which   manifestly   come   directly   from   the   English   Bible�察�

and you would mark them beyond recovery。 

       ��1�А�Chapman�察�English Literature in Account with Religion。 

       But English literature has found more of its material in the Bible than 

anything   else。   It   has   looked   there   for   its   characters�察  �its   illustrations�察  �its 

subject´matter。 We shall see�察�as we consider individual writers�察�how many 

of    their  titles  and    complete     works     are  suggested      by   the  Bible。    It  is 

interesting to see how one idea of the Scripture will appear and reappear 

among many writers。 Take one illustration。 The Faust story is an effort to 



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make   concrete   one   verse   of   Scripture�此   �What   shall   it   profit   a   man   if   he 

shall   gain   the   whole   world   and   lose   his   own   soul�拭─  �Professor   Moulton 

reminds   us   that   the   Faust   legend   appeared   first   in   the   Middle  Ages。   In 

early   English�察  �Marlowe   has   it�察  �Calderon   put   it   into   Spanish�察  �the   most 

familiar form of it is Goethe's�察�while Philip Bailey has called his account 

of it Festus。 In each of those forms the same idea occurs。 A man sells his 

soul to the devil for the gaining of what is to him the world。 That is one of 

a good many ideas which the Bible has given to literature。 The prodigal 

son has been another prolific source of literary writing。 The guiding star is 

another。 Others will readily come to mind。 

     With that simple background let our minds move down the course of 

literary history。 Style�察�language�察�materialwe will easily think how much 

of each the Bible has given to all our great writers if their names are only 

mentioned。 There are four groups of these writers。 

     1。 The Jacobean�察�who wrote when and just after our version was made。 

     2。 The Georgian�察�who graced the reigns of the kings whose name the 

period bears。 

     3。 The Victorian。 

     4。 The American。 

     There is an attractive fifth group comprising our present´day workers 

in   the   realm   of   pure   literature�察  �but  we   must   omit   them   and   give     our 

attention to names that are starred。 

       It is familiar that in the time of Elizabeth�察 �England became a nest of 

singing birds。; In the fifty years after the first English theater was erected�察�

the middle of Elizabeth's reign�察�fifty dramatic poets appeared�察�many of the 

first order。 Some were distinctly irreligious�察�as were many of the people 

whose      lives   they   touched。     Such    men    as  Ford�察   �Marlowe�察     �Massinger�察�

Webster�察�Beaumont�察�and Fletcher stand like a chorus around Shakespeare 

and   Ben   Jonson   as   leaders。 As Taine puts   it�此   �They  sing   the   same   piece 

together�察�and at times the chorus is equal to the solo�察�but only at times。;��1�А�

Cultured people to´day know the names of most of these writers�察�but not 

much else�察�and it does not heavily serve our argument to say that they felt 

the Puritan influence�察�but they all did feel it either directly or by reaction。 

       ��1�А�History of English Literature�察�chap。 iii。 



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       Edmund   Spenser   and  his   friend�察  �Sir   Philip   Sidney�察  �had   closed   their 

work before the King James version appeared�察�yet the Faerie Queene in its 

religious theory is Puritan to the core�察�and Sidney is best remembered by 

his paraphrases of Scripture。 The influence of both was even greater in the 

Jacobean than in their own period。 

     It is hardly fair even to note the Elizabethan Shakespeare as under the 

influence of the King James version。 The Bible influenced him markedly�察�

but it was the Genevan version prepared during the exile of the scholars 

under Bloody Mary�察�or the Bishops' Bible prepared under Elizabeth。 Those 

versions      were    familiar    as  household      facts   to   him。    ;No    writer   has 

assimilated the thoughts and reproduced the words of Holy Scripture more 

copiously than Shakespeare。; Dr。 Furnivall says that ;he is saturated with 

the    Bible    story�察─  �and   a  century     ago   Capel     Lloft   said   quaintly    that 

Shakespeare   ;had   deeply   imbi

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