study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及7嫗
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power exercising temporal sovereignty exactly as he did�察�but adding to it a
claim to spiritual power�察�a claim to determine his conduct for him and to
absolve his people from loyalty to him if he was not obedient。 It arose
over the question of his divorce�察 �but it might have arisen over anything
else。 It was limitation on his sovereignty in England。 And he let it be seen
that all questions that pertain to England were to be settled in England�察�and
not in another land。 He would rather have a matter settled wrong in
England than settled right elsewhere。 That is how he claimed to be head of
the English Church。 The people back of him had always held to the belief
that they were governed from within�察�though they were linked to religion
from without。 He executed their theory。 That assertion of English
sovereignty came during the eventful years of which we are speaking。
Here�察 �then�察 �are our great facts。 First�察 �thoughtful opinion wanted the
Bible made available�察�and at a convention of bishops and university men
the King was requested to secure the issuance of a proper translation。
Secondly�察 �the people wanted it�察 �the more because it would gratify their
English instinct of independent judgment in matters of religion。 Thirdly�察�
the King granted it without yielding his personal religious position�察 �in
assertion of his human sovereignty within his own realm。
So England awoke one morning in 1537 to discover that it had a
translation of the Bible two of them actually�察�open to its use�察�the very thing
that had been forbidden yesterday� �And that�察 �one year after Tindale had
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been burned in loyal France for issuing an English translation� �Two
versions were now authorized and made available。 What were they�拭�That
of Miles Coverdale�察�which had been issued secretly two years before�察�and
that known as the ;Matthew; Bible�察�though the name has no significance�察�
issued within a year。 Details are not to our purpose。 Neither was an
independent work�察�but was made largely from the Latin and the German�察�
and much influenced by Tindale。 Coverdale was a Yorkshire man like
Wiclif�察�feminine in his mental cast as Tindale was masculine。 Coverdale
made his translation because he loved books�察 �Tindale because he felt
driven to it。 But now the way was clear�察�and other editions appeared。 It is
natural to name one or two of the more notable ones。
There appeared what is known as the Great Bible in 1539。 It was only
another version made by Coverdale on the basis of the Matthew version�察�
but corrected by more accurate knowledge。 There is an interesting
romance of its publication。 The presses of England were not adequate for
the great work planned�察 �it was to be a marvel of typography。 So the
consent of King Francis was gained to have it printed in France�察 �and
Coverdale was sent as a special ambassador to oversee it。 He was in dread
of the Inquisition�察�which was in vogue at the time�察�and sent off his printed
sheets to England as rapidly as possible。 Suddenly one day the order of
confiscation came from the Inquisitor´General。 Only Coverdale's official
position as representing the King saved his own life。 As for the printed
sheets on which so much depended�察�they seemed doomed。 But in the nick
of time a dealer appeared at the printing´house and purchased four great
vats full of waste paper which he shipped to Englandwhen it was found
that the waste paper was those printed sheets。 The presses and the printers
were all loyal to England�察 �and the edition was finally completed。 The
Great Bible was issued to meet a decree that each church should make
available in some convenient place the largest possible copy of the whole
Bible�察�where all the parishioners could have access to it and read it at their
will。 The version gets its name solely from the size of the volume。 That
decree dates 1538�察 �twelve years after Tindale's books were burned�察 �and
two years after he was burned� �The installation of these great books
caused tremendous excitementcrowds gathered everywhere。 Bishop
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Bonner caused six copies of the great volume to be located wisely
throughout St。 Paul's。 He found it difficult to make people leave them
during the sermons。 He was so often interrupted by voices reading to a
group�察�and by the discussions that ensued�察�that he threatened to have them
taken out during the service if people would not be quiet。 The Great Bible
appeared in seven editions in two years�察 �and continued in recognized
power for thirty years。 Much of the present English prayer´book is taken
from it。
But this liberty was so sudden that the people naturally abused it。
Henry became vexed because the sacred words ;were disputed�察 �rimed�察�
sung�察�and jangled in every ale´house。; There had grown up a series of wild
ballads and ribald songs in contempt of ;the old faith�察─�while it was not
really the old faith which was in dispute�察 �but only foreign control of
English faith。 They had mistaken Henry's meaning。 So Henry began to put
restrictions on the use of the Bible。 There were to be no notes or
annotations in any versions�察�and those that existed were to be blacked out。
Only the upper classes were to be allowed to possess a Bible。 Finally�察�the
year before his death�察�all versions were prohibited except the Great Bible�察�
whose cost and size precluded secret use。 The decree led to another great
burning of Bibles in 1546 Tindale�察�Coverdale�察�Matthewall but the Great
Bible。 The leading religious reformers took flight and fled to European
Protestant towns like Frankfort and Strassburg。 But the Bible remained。
Henry VIII。 died。 The Bible lived on。
Under Edward VI。�察 �the boy king�察 �coming to the throne at nine and
dying at fifteen�察�the regency with Crammer at its head earned its bad name。
But while its members were shamelessly despoiling churches and
enriching themselves they did one great service for the Bible。 They cast
off all restrictions on its translation and publication。 The order for a Great
Bible in every church was renewed�察�and there was to be added to it a copy
of Erasmus's paraphrase of the four gospels。 Nearly fifty editions of the
Bible�察�in whole or in part�察�appeared in those six years。
And that was fortunate�察 �for then came Mary and the deluge。 Of
course�察�she again gave in the nominal allegiance of England to the Roman
control。 But she utterly missed the spirit of the people。 They were weary
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with the excesses of rabid Protestantism�察�but they were by no means ready
to admit the principle of foreign control in religious matters。 They might
have been willing�察 �many of them�察 �that the use of the Bible