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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及7嫗

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power exercising temporal sovereignty exactly as he did�察�but adding to it a 

claim to spiritual power�察�a claim to determine his conduct for him and to 

absolve   his   people   from   loyalty   to   him   if   he   was   not   obedient。   It   arose 

over   the   question   of   his   divorce�察  �but it   might   have   arisen   over   anything 

else。 It was limitation on his sovereignty in England。 And he let it be seen 

that all questions that pertain to England were to be settled in England�察�and 

not    in  another    land。   He   would     rather   have    a  matter    settled  wrong     in 

England than settled right elsewhere。 That is how he claimed to be head of 

the English Church。 The people back of him had always held to the belief 

that they were governed from within�察�though they were linked to religion 

from     without。     He    executed      their   theory。    That    assertion    of   English 

sovereignty came during the eventful years of which we are speaking。 

     Here�察  �then�察  �are   our   great   facts。   First�察  �thoughtful   opinion   wanted   the 

Bible made available�察�and at a convention of bishops and university men 

the   King   was   requested   to   secure   the   issuance   of   a   proper   translation。 

Secondly�察  �the   people   wanted   it�察  �the   more   because   it   would   gratify   their 

English instinct   of independent   judgment   in   matters of   religion。 Thirdly�察�

the   King   granted   it   without   yielding   his   personal   religious   position�察  �in 

assertion of his human sovereignty within his own realm。 

     So   England   awoke   one   morning   in   1537   to   discover   that   it   had   a 

translation of the Bible two of them actually�察�open to its use�察�the very thing 

that   had   been   forbidden   yesterday� �And that�察  �one   year   after Tindale   had 



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been     burned    in  loyal   France     for  issuing    an   English    translation�    �Two 

versions were now authorized and made available。 What were they�拭�That 

of Miles Coverdale�察�which had been issued secretly two years before�察�and 

that known as the ;Matthew; Bible�察�though the name has no significance�察�

issued     within   a  year。   Details    are  not   to  our   purpose。    Neither    was    an 

independent work�察�but was made largely from the Latin and the German�察�

and   much   influenced   by   Tindale。   Coverdale   was   a   Yorkshire   man   like 

Wiclif�察�feminine in his mental cast as Tindale was masculine。 Coverdale 

made   his   translation   because   he   loved   books�察  �Tindale   because   he           felt 

driven to it。 But now the way was clear�察�and other editions appeared。 It is 

natural to name one or two of the more notable ones。 

     There appeared what is known as the Great Bible in 1539。 It was only 

another version made by Coverdale on the basis of the Matthew version�察�

but    corrected     by   more     accurate    knowledge。       There    is  an   interesting 

romance of its publication。 The presses of England were not adequate for 

the   great   work   planned�察  �it   was   to   be   a   marvel   of   typography。   So   the 

consent   of   King   Francis   was   gained   to   have   it   printed   in   France�察  �and 

Coverdale was sent as a special ambassador to oversee it。 He was in dread 

of the Inquisition�察�which was in vogue at the time�察�and sent off his printed 

sheets   to   England   as   rapidly  as   possible。  Suddenly  one   day  the  order  of 

confiscation   came   from  the   Inquisitor´General。   Only  Coverdale's   official 

position   as   representing   the   King   saved   his   own   life。 As   for   the   printed 

sheets on which so much depended�察�they seemed doomed。 But in the nick 

of time a dealer appeared at the printing´house and purchased four great 

vats full of waste paper which he shipped to Englandwhen it was found 

that the waste paper was those printed sheets。 The presses and the printers 

were   all   loyal   to   England�察  �and   the   edition   was   finally   completed。   The 

Great   Bible   was   issued   to   meet   a   decree   that   each   church   should   make 

available in some convenient place the largest possible copy of the whole 

Bible�察�where all the parishioners could have access to it and read it at their 

will。 The version gets its name solely from the size of the volume。 That 

decree   dates   1538�察  �twelve   years   after   Tindale's   books   were   burned�察  �and 

two    years    after  he   was   burned�     �The   installation    of  these   great   books 

caused      tremendous       excitementcrowds         gathered     everywhere。       Bishop 



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Bonner      caused     six  copies    of  the   great   volume     to   be   located    wisely 

throughout   St。   Paul's。   He   found   it   difficult   to   make   people   leave   them 

during   the   sermons。   He   was   so   often   interrupted   by   voices   reading   to   a 

group�察�and by the discussions that ensued�察�that he threatened to have them 

taken out during the service if people would not be quiet。 The Great Bible 

appeared   in     seven   editions   in   two   years�察  �and    continued     in  recognized 

power for thirty years。 Much of the present English prayer´book is taken 

from it。 

     But   this   liberty   was   so   sudden   that   the   people   naturally   abused   it。 

Henry   became   vexed   because   the   sacred   words   ;were   disputed�察  �rimed�察�

sung�察�and jangled in every ale´house。; There had grown up a series of wild 

ballads and ribald songs in contempt of ;the old faith�察─�while it was not 

really   the   old   faith   which   was   in   dispute�察  �but   only   foreign   control   of 

English faith。 They had mistaken Henry's meaning。 So Henry began to put 

restrictions     on   the   use   of  the   Bible。   There    were    to   be  no   notes    or 

annotations in any versions�察�and those that existed were to be blacked out。 

Only the upper classes were to be allowed to possess a Bible。 Finally�察�the 

year before his death�察�all versions were prohibited except the Great Bible�察�

whose cost and size precluded secret use。 The decree led to another great 

burning of Bibles in 1546 Tindale�察�Coverdale�察�Matthewall but the Great 

Bible。   The   leading   religious   reformers   took   flight   and   fled   to   European 

Protestant   towns   like   Frankfort   and   Strassburg。   But   the   Bible   remained。 

Henry VIII。 died。 The Bible lived on。 

     Under   Edward   VI。�察  �the   boy   king�察  �coming   to   the   throne   at   nine   and 

dying at fifteen�察�the regency with Crammer at its head earned its bad name。 

But     while    its  members       were     shamelessly      despoiling      churches     and 

enriching themselves they did one great service for the Bible。 They  cast 

off all restrictions on its translation and publication。 The order for a Great 

Bible in every church was renewed�察�and there was to be added to it a copy 

of   Erasmus's paraphrase   of   the   four gospels。   Nearly  fifty  editions   of   the 

Bible�察�in whole or in part�察�appeared in those six years。 

     And   that   was   fortunate�察  �for   then   came   Mary   and   the   deluge。   Of 

course�察�she again gave in the nominal allegiance of England to the Roman 

control。 But she utterly missed the spirit of the people。 They were weary 



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with the excesses of rabid Protestantism�察�but they were by no means ready 

to admit the principle of foreign control in religious matters。 They might 

have   been   willing�察  �many   of   them�察  �that   the   use   of   the   Bible 

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