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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及8嫗

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to admit the principle of foreign control in religious matters。 They might 

have   been   willing�察  �many   of   them�察  �that   the   use   of   the   Bible   should   be 

restricted�察�if it were done by their own sovereign。 They were not willing 

that another sovereign should restrict them。 So the secret use of the Bible 

increased。 Martyr fires were kindled�察�but by the light of them the people 

read their Bibles more eagerly。 And this very persecution led to one of the 

best of the early versions of the Bible�察�indirectly even to the King James 

version。 

     The flower of English Protestant scholarship was driven into exile�察�and 

found      its  way    to   Frankfort     and    Geneva     again。    There     the   spirit  of 

scholarship      was    untrammeled�察      �there    they   found    material    for  scholarly 

study of the Bible�察�and there they made and published a new version of the 

Bible in English�察�by all means the best that had been made。 In later years�察�

under Elizabeth�察�it drove the Great Bible off the field by sheer power of 

excellence。   During   her   reign   sixty   editions   of   it   appeared。   This   was   the 

version called the Genevan Bible。 It made several changes that are familiar 

to   us。   For   one   thing�察  �in   the   Genevan   edition   of   1560   first   appeared   our 

familiar     division     into   verses。    The    chapter    division    was    made     three 

centuries   earlier�察  �but   the   verses   belong   to   the   Genevan   version�察  �and   are 

divided   to   make   the   Book   suitable   for   responsive   use   and   for   readier 

reference。   It   was   taken   in   large   part   from   the   work   of   Robert   Stephens�察�

who had divided the Greek Testament into verses�察�ten years earlier�察�during 

a journey which he was compelled to make between Paris and Lyons。 The 

Genevan version also abandoned the old black letter�察�and used the Roman 

type with which we are familiar。 It had full notes on hard passages�察�which 

notes�察  �as   we   shall   see�察  �helped   to   produce   the   King   James   version。   The 

work itself was completed after the accession of Elizabeth�察�when most of 

the religious leaders had returned to England from their exile under Mary。 

     Elizabeth      herself    was   not   an   ardent    Protestant�察    �not   ardent   at   all 

religiously�察�but an ardent Englishwoman。 She understood her people�察�and 

while she prided herself on being the ;Guardian of the Middle Way�察─�she 

did    not   make     the   mistake     of   submitting     her   sovereignty      to   foreign 

supervision。       Probably     Elizabeth     always     counted     herself    personally      a 



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Catholic�察�but not politically subject to the Roman pontiff。 She had no wish 

to   offend   other   Catholic   powers�察  �but   she   was   determined   to   develop   a 

strong   national   spirit   and   to   allow   religious   differences   to   exist   if   they 

would be peaceful。 The dramatic scene which was enacted at the time of 

her   coronation   procession   was   typical   of   her   spirit。   As   the   procession 

passed down Cheapside�察�a venerable old man�察�representing Time�察�with a 

little child beside him representing TruthTime always old�察�Truth always 

young   presented   the   Queen   with   a   copy   of   the   Scriptures�察  �which   she 

accepted�察�promising to read them diligently。 

     Presently it was found that two versions of the Bible were taking the 

field�察�the old Great Bible and the new Genevan Bible。 On all accounts the 

Genevan was the better and was driving out its rival。 Yet there could be no 

hope of gaining the approval of Elizabeth for the Genevan Bible。 For one 

thing�察  �John   Knox   had   been   a   party   to   its   preparation�察  �so   had   Calvin。 

Elizabeth detested them both�察�especially Knox。 For another thing�察�its notes 

were not favorable to royal sovereignty�察�but smacked so much of popular 

government as to be offensive。 For another thing�察�though it had been made 

mostly by her own people�察�it had been made in a   foreign land�察�and  was 

under suspicion on that account。 The result was that Elizabeth's archbishop�察�

Parker�察  �set   out   to   have   an   authorized   version   made�察  �selected   a   revision 

committee�察�with instructions to follow wherever possible the Great Bible�察�

to avoid bitter notes�察�and to make such a version that it might be freely�察�

easily�察�and naturally read。 The result is known as the Bishops' Bible。 It was 

issued in Elizabeth's tenth year ��1568���察�but there is no record that she ever 

noticed it�察�though Parker sent her a copy from his sick´bed。 The Bishops' 

Bible shows the influence of the Genevan Bible in many ways�察�though it 

gives   no   credit   for   that。   It   is   not   of   equal   merit�察  �it   was   expensive�察  �too 

cumbersome�察�and often unscholarly。 Only its official standing gave it life�察�

and after forty years�察�in nineteen editions�察�it was no longer published。 

     Naming   one   other   English   version   will   complete   the   series   of   facts 

necessary for the consideration of the forming of the King James version。 

It will be remembered that all the English versions of the Bible thus far 

mentioned   were   the   work   of   men   either   already   out   of   favor   with   the 

Roman pontiff�察�or speedily put out of favor on that account。 Thirty years 



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after   his   death�察  �Wiclif's   bones   were   taken   up   and   burned�察  �Tindale   was 

burned。 Coverdale's version and the Great Bible were the product of the 

period when Henry VIII。 was under the ban。 The Genevan Bible was the 

work of refugees�察�and the Bishops' Bible was prepared when Elizabeth had 

been excommunicated。 That fact seemed to many loyal Roman churchmen 

to put the Church in a false light。 It must be made clear that its opposition 

was not to the Bible�察�not even to popular use and possession of the Bible�察�

but only to unauthorized�察�even incorrect�察�versions。 So there came about the 

Douai version�察�instigated by Gregory Martin�察�and prepared in some sense 

as an answer to the Genevan version and its strongly anti´papal notes。 It 

was the work of English scholars connected with the University of Douai。 

The New Testament was issued at Rheims in 1582�察�and the whole Bible in 

1609�察�just before our King James version。 It is made�察�not from the Hebrew 

and the Greek�察�though it refers to both�察�but from the Vulgate。 The result is 

that the Old Testament of the Douai version is a translation into English 

from   the   Latin�察  �which   in   large   part   is   a   translation   into   Latin   from   the 

Greek     Septuagint�察    �which     in  turn   is  a  translation    into  Greek     from   the 

Hebrew。 Yet scholars are scholars�察�and it shows marked influence of the 

Genevan   version�察  �and�察  �indeed�察  �of   other   English   versions。   Its   notes   were 

strongly   anti´Protestant�察  �and   in   its   preface   it   explains   its   existence   by 

saying that Protestants have been guilty of ;casting the holy to dogs and 

pearls to hogs。; 

     The version is not in the direct line of the ascent of the familiar version�察�

and   needs   no   elaborate   description。   Its purpose   was   controversial�察  �it   did 

not     go   to   available     sources�察    �its  English     was     not   colloquial�察    �but 

ecclesiastical。 For example�察�in the Lord's Prayer we read�此 �Give us this day 

our supersubstantial bread�察─�instead of ;our daily bread。; In Hebrews xiii�此�

17�察�the version reads�察 �Obey your prelates and be subject unto them。; In 

Luke     iii��3�察 �John    came    ;preaching     the   baptism     of  penance。;     In   Psalm 

xxiii��5�察�where we read�察 �My 

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