心理学与生活-第148章
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Approval certification （HHS Form 596） to be sent
to： _____________________________________
（Name & Agency if available）
For Renewal of Approval （whether sponsored or unsponsored）
（Please submit at least 30 days PRIOR to expiration date of previous approval）
Date of previous approval_______________ Protocol No。 （if known）_______________
In addition to a copy of original protocol please provide a brief progress report of the previous year’s
activity which includes：
1。 Number of subjects involved
2。 Problems or plications （if any）
3。 Description of results to date
4。 Any changes or modifications since original approval was given
5。 Project plans for the ing year （for which approval is being requested）
6。 A copy of the consent form you are using for this study
Name and address to which human subject approval memo should be sent （if other than investigator and
department indicated above）：
*Give paragraph # which qualifies protocol for expedited review （see reverse side）
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INSTRUCTIONS
A short （1—3 pages） summary of the project is needed for review by the Human Subjects Panel； this should
include a description of the purpose of the study； the procedures which will involve human subjects； the
length of their involvement； and the means for ensuring confidentiality of data regarding the subjects。
Please avoid any technical terms not readily understood by individuals outside your discipline。 You do not
need to include a copy of your plete proposal； but please do include copies of any questionnaire or
structured interviews （if any）。
Some specific points to be included in the summary are the following：
Risk or Benefit to the Subject
This is a major concern of the Panel—please detail any deception； possible psychological or physical risk to
the subject； and benefit （if any）。 （Benefit does not include any pensation the subject may be given for
participation。）
Projects involving deception raise certain ethical problems often best dealt with by debriefing subjects after
their participation。 Please describe your debriefing procedures。 If you choose not to debrief； this decision
must be justified in your summary。 In addition； for your protection as well； it is advisable to have a second
consent form after the subject is debriefed； reaffirming permission to release information received from the
subject during the study。
Description of Sample Population
This should include where the study will take place； age of subjects； the number of subjects； and the length
of involvement time； and must identify precisely the type of subjects if other than normal。
Description of the Disclosure of Information and Consent
A consent form must describe the project in nontechnical language； it must clearly indicate that
participation is voluntary； that the subject is free to withdraw his/her consent and discontinue
participation at any time； and that individual privacy will be maintained in publication of any data
resulting from the study。
In addition； the consent form must include the name and telephone number of the researcher as a contact if
further information is sought by the subject； and also the following statement （although not necessarily this
wording）： “If I have any concerns or dissatisfaction with any aspect of this program at any time； I may
report grievances–anonymously； if desired–to the Human Subjects Coordinator； Sponsored Projects Office；
Stanford； CA 94305。” A copy of the consent form should be given to the subject。
Projects involving children often require a consent form for the child （especially those from upper
elementary and high school levels） as well as the parent。
Include copies of consent form（s）。
To request review of your protocol； please send eight copies of this application and all attachments to：
435
RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT
All proposals must follow the following outlined format。
Please answer the questions； identifying each by number。 Please type all responses。
1。 Describe the purpose of your study and the procedures that human subjects will undergo in your
research design。 What are the risks and possible consequences of these procedures？
2。 Please write； using nonprofessional terms； a description of what is disclosed to a subject
concerning the purpose of the research and its possible risks。
3。 Describe your subject population and your method for obtaining the subjects’ informed consent。
Please attach a sample of a written consent。 Also indicate briefly where and how these consent
forms will be filed。 University policy dictates that they be retained for a period of three years after
the conclusion of the project。
4。 If personality tests； questionnaires； or inventories are to be administered； describe the reason for
their use； the manner in which they will be given； and the information to be given to the subjects
about obtained scores。 How will you ensure confidentiality of the findings from this research？
5。 If your response to any of the following is affirmative； please explain。
。 Will deception be used in any aspect of the subject’s relation to the research？ YES___
NO___
。 Will any stimulus or other conditions be imposed on subjects； or any response be required
of them； that could possibly pose a physical risk？ YES___ NO___
。 Will any personality tests； questionnaires； or inventories be administered？ YES___ NO___
Note： The proposals already submitted for student reviewers to evaluate are not in that format but will be
accepted for review here because they were prepared prior to this memo。
GUIDE TO REVIEW…EVALUATION ANALYSIS
1。 For each proposal； decide whether it should be：
。 Approved as is
。 Approved with minor changes （noted）
。 Denied approval until major changes are made in the design and procedure
。 Denied approval pending pilot study evaluation on following questionable issues
。 Rejected in principle
2。 Detail specific benefits/risks； gains/losses if each study is conducted or refused permission。
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CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS
OBJECTIVES
1。 To illustrate some of the differences and similarities between alternative approaches to
psychotherapy。
2。 To encourage thinking about the forms of therapy that are most appropriate for different types of
mental disorders。
3。 To demonstrate the kind of information…gathering process that is involved in a clinical interview of
a prospective client by a therapist。
OVERVIEW
Individuals who seek help for the problems caused by their mental disorders or behavioral malfunctioning
may be treated differently depending on the type of therapeutic approach practiced by their therapist。 The
same therapist may proceed differently depending on the presenting symptoms or behavioral problems of
the client/patient。 How different are the approaches of therapists who have different psychological
orientations？ How are therapeutic strategies varied according to the nature of the problem to be treated or
modified？ In this section we will：
1。 Begin by discussing the goals of psychotherapy in general and some of the specific objectives of the
major psychological approaches to therapy。
2。 Discuss the goals that a person with psychological problems might have in seeking therapy； ask
students what they would expect from therapy。
3。 Mention issues of the high cost of therapy； the time required； problems of therapist—client “fit；”
definitions of the client’s “problem；” and determination of when therapy has succeeded or failed。
4。 Review basic aspects of therapy based on behavioristic； psychodynamic； and humanistic
principles。
5。 Conduct the demonstration on role…playing a clinical interaction。
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
The decision a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist must make in prescribing the kind of therapy a patient
should receive； or even whether he or she should be given any at all； is a plex one。 We tend to think of it
as following in a rather straightforward way from analysis of the “facts”； or the patient’s problems。 This is
rarely； if ever； true。
The decision regarding the tactics of therapeutic interv
