唄診窮徨慕 > 哂猟圻广窮徨慕 > misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟) >

及1嫗

misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及1嫗

弌傍�� misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




 THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY 



                               THE 

MISCELLANEOUS 

     WRITINGS AND 

               SPEECHES 



                               VOLUME I。 



                    LORD MACAULAY 



                                     1 


´ Page 2´

            THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY 



                                  PREFACE。 



     Lord     Macaulay      always    looked    forward     to  a   publication     of  his 

miscellaneous works�察�either by himself or by those who should represent 

him   after   his   death。  And   latterly   he   expressly   reserved�察  �whenever   the 

arrangements       as   to  copyright     made    it  necessary�察   �the   right   of  such 

publication。 

     The    collection   which    is  now    published    comprehends       some    of  the 

earliest and some of the latest works which he composed。                   He was born 

on    25th    October�察    �1800�察   �commenced        residence     at  Trinity    College�察�

Cambridge�察 �in   October�察  �1818�察  �was   elected   Craven   University  Scholar   in 

1821�察  �graduated   as   B。A。   in   1822�察  �was   elected   fellow   of   the   college   in 

October�察�1824�察�was called to the bar in February�察�1826�察�when he joined the 

Northern Circuit�察�and was elected member for Calne in 1830。                    After this 

last   event�察  �he   did   not   long   continue   to   practise   at   the   bar。 He   went   to 

India    in  1834�察   �whence     he  returned    in  June�察  �1838。    He     was   elected 

member for Edinburgh�察�in 1839�察�and lost this seat in July�察�1847�察�and this 

��though he was afterwards again elected for that city in July�察�1852�察�without 

being a candidate�� may be considered as the last instance of his taking an 

active part in the contests of public life。          These few dates are mentioned 

for   the   purpose   of   enabling   the   reader   to   assign   the   articles�察  �now   and 

previously published�察�to the principal periods into which the author's life 

may be divided。 

     The    admirers     of  his   later  works    will   probably    be   interested    by 

watching the gradual formation of his style�察�and will notice in his earlier 

productions�察     �vigorous     and   clear   as   their  language     always    was�察   �the 

occurrence of faults against which he afterwards most anxiously guarded 

himself。     A much greater interest will undoubtedly be felt in tracing the 

date and development of his opinions。 

     The articles published in Knight's Quarterly Magazine were composed 

during the author's residence at college�察�as B。A。            It may be remarked that 

the   first  two   of  these   exhibit   the   earnestness    with   which    he   already 

endeavoured to represent to himself and to others the scenes and persons 

of past times as in actual existence。         Of the Dialogue between Milton and 



                                             2 


´ Page 3´

            THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY 



Cowley he spoke�察�many years after its publication�察�as that one of his works 

which   he   remembered   with   most   satisfaction。        The   article   on   Mitford's 

Greece he did not himself value so highly as others thought it deserved。 

This article�察�at any rate�察�contains the first distinct enunciation of his views�察�

as to the office of an historian�察�views afterwards more fully set forth in his 

Essay�察�upon History�察�in the Edinburgh Review。                 From the protest�察�in the 

last   mentioned      essay�察  �against   the   conventional     notions    respecting    the 

majesty of history might perhaps have been anticipated something like the 

third chapter of the History of England。            It may be amusing to notice that 

in the article   on   Mitford�察  �appears the   first sketch   of   the   New   Zealander�察�

afterwards filled up in a passage in the review of Mrs Austin's translation 

of Ranke�察�a passage which at one time was the subject of allusion�察�two or 

three times a week�察�in speeches and leading articles。               In this�察�too�察�appear�察�

perhaps for the first time�察�the author's views on the representative system。 

These he retained to the very last�察�they are brought forward repeatedly in 

the articles published in this collection and elsewhere�察�and in his speeches 

in parliament�察�and they coincide with the opinions expressed in the letter 

to an American correspondent�察�which was so often cited in the late debate 

on the Reform Bill。 

     Some explanation appears to be necessary as to the publication of the 

three articles ;Mill on Government�察─ �Westminster Reviewer's Defence of 

Mill; and ;Utilitarian Theory of Government。; 

     In   1828   Mr   James   Mill�察  �the   author   of   the   History   of   British   India�察�

reprinted some essays which he had contributed to the Supplement to the 

Encyclopaedia Britannica�察�and among these was an Essay on Government。 

The   method   of   inquiry   and   reasoning   adopted   in   this   essay   appeared   to 

Macaulay       to   be   essentially    wrong。      He    entertained     a   very   strong 

conviction   that   the   only   sound   foundation   for   a   theory   of   Government 

must be laid in careful and copious historical induction�察�and he believed 

that Mr Mill's work rested upon a vicious reasoning a priori。                   Upon this 

point he   felt the   more   earnestly�察 �owing to   his own passion   for   historical 

research�察�and to his devout admiration of Bacon�察�whose works he was at 

that time   studying   with intense  attention。        There  can�察�however�察 �be little 

doubt that he was also provoked by the pretensions of some members of a 



                                             3 


´ Page 4´

             THE MISCELLANEOUS WRITINGS AND SPEECHES OF LORD MACAULAY 



sect    which     then    commonly        went     by   the   name     of   Benthamites�察      �or 

Utilitarians。      This   sect   included   many   of   his   contemporaries�察  �who   had 

quitted Cambridge at about the same time with him。                     It had succeeded�察�in 

some measure�察�to the sect of the Byronians�察�whom he has described in the 

review   of   Moore's   Life   of   Lord   Byron�察  �who   discarded   their   neckcloths�察�

and     fixed   little  models     of  skulls    on   the   sand´glasses      by   which    they 

regulated the boiling of their eggs for breakfast。                 The members of these 

sects�察  �and   of   many   others   that   have   succeeded�察  �have   probably   long   ago 

learned   to   smile   at   the   temporary   humours。         But   Macaulay�察  �himself   a 

sincere     admirer     of  Bentham�察     �was    irritated   by   what    he  considered      the 

unwarranted   tone   assumed   by   several   of   the   class   of   Utilitarians。        ;We 

apprehend�察─  �he   said�察   �that   many   of   them   are   persons   who�察  �having   read 

little or nothing�察�are delighted to be rescued from the sense of their own 

inferiority by some teacher who assures them that the studies which they 

have neglected are of no value�察�puts five or six phrases into their mouths�察�

lends   them   an   odd   number   of   the   Westminster   Review�察  �and   in   a   month 

transforms them into philosophers�察─�and he spoke of them as ;smatterers�察�

whose attainments just suffice to elevate them from the insignificance of 

dunces   to   the   dignity  of   bores�察  �and   to   spread   dismay   among   their   pious 

aunts     and    grand     mothers。;      The     sect�察  �of   course�察    �like   other    sects�察�

comprehended some pretenders�察�and these the most arrogant and intolerant 

among its members。            He�察�however�察�went so far as to apply the following 

language   to   the   majority�此�As   to   the   greater   part   of   the   sect�察  �it   is�察  �we 

apprehend�察  �of   litt

卦指朕村 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��

低辛嬬浪散議