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no    foreground��they        are   like   the   illuminated     figures    in   an   oriental 

manuscript��plenty of rich tints and no perspective。                  Such are the faults 

of    the  most     celebrated     of  these    compositions。       Of    those    which     are 

universally acknowledged to be bad it is scarcely possible to speak with 

patience。       Yet     they    have     much     in   common        with    their    splendid 

companions。          They     differ    from    them�察   �as   a   Mayday      procession      of 

chimneysweepers differs from the Field of Cloth of Gold。                     They have the 

gaudiness but not the wealth。           His muse belongs to that numerous class of 

females   who   have   no   objection   to   be   dirty�察  �while   they   can   be   tawdry。 

When   his   brilliant   conceits   are   exhausted�察  �he   supplies   their   place   with 



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metaphysical        quibbles�察     �forced    antitheses�察    �bad    puns�察   �and     execrable 

charades。      In his fifth sonnet he may�察�I think�察�be said to have sounded the 

lowest chasm of the Bathos。              Upon the whole�察�that piece may be safely 

pronounced to be the worst attempt at poetry�察�and the worst attempt at wit�察�

in the world。 

     A  strong   proof   of   the   truth   of   these   criticisms   is�察  �that   almost   all   the 

sonnets produce exactly the same effect on the mind of the reader。                       They 

relate to all the various moods of a lover�察�from joy to despair��yet they are 

perused�察�as far as my experience and observation have gone�察�with exactly 

the same feeling。        The fact is�察�that in none of them are the passion and the 

ingenuity   mixed   in   just   proportions。        There   is   not   enough   sentiment   to 

dilute the condiments which are employed to season it。                    The repast which 

he sets before us resembles the Spanish entertainment in Dryden's ;Mock 

Astrologer;�察      �at  which     the   relish   of   all   the   dishes    and   sauces     was 

overpowered         by   the   common       flavour    of  spice。     Fish��flesh��fowl�察�

everything at table tasted of nothing but red pepper。 

     The   writings   of   Petrarch   may   indeed   suffer   undeservedly   from   one 

cause   to   which   I   must   allude。    His imitators   have   so   much   familiarised 

the ear of Italy and of Europe to the favourite topics of amorous flattery 

and lamentation�察�that we   can   scarcely think   them  original when   we   find 

them     in   the   first  author�察   �and�察   �even    when     our   understandings        have 

convinced us that they were new to him�察�they are still old to us。                    This has 

been the fate of many of the finest passages of the most eminent writers。 

It   is  melancholy      to  trace   a  noble    thought     from    stage   to  stage   of   its 

profanation�察  �to   see   it   transferred   from   the   first   illustrious   wearer   to   his 

lacqueys�察     �turned�察  �and    turned    again�察  �and   at  last  hung    on   a  scarecrow。 

Petrarch   has   really   suffered   much   from   this   cause。       Yet   that   he   should 

have so suffered is a sufficient proof that his excellences were not of the 

highest order。       A line may be stolen�察�but the pervading spirit of a great 

poet is not to be surreptitiously obtained by a plagiarist。                  The continued 

imitation   of   twenty´five   centuries   has   left   Homer   as   it   found   him。        If 

every simile and every turn of Dante had been copied ten thousand times�察�

the Divine Comedy would have retained all its freshness。                     It was easy for 

the  porter   in   Farquhar   to   pass   for   Beau   Clincher�察  �by  borrowing   his   lace 



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and   his   pulvilio。    It   would   have   been   more   difficult   to   enact   Sir   Harry 

Wildair。 

     Before I quit this subject I must defend Petrarch from one accusation 

which is in the present day frequently brought against him。                    His sonnets 

are  pronounced   by  a   large  sect   of critics   not   to   possess   certain   qualities 

which      they   maintain     to  be   indispensable      to  sonnets�察   �with    as  much 

confidence�察�and as much reason�察�as their prototypes of old insisted on the 

unities   of   the   drama。    I   am   an   exotericutterly   unable   to   explain   the 

mysteries of this new poetical faith。           I only know that it is a faith�察�which 

except a man do keep pure and undefiled�察�without doubt he shall be called 

a    blockhead。      I   cannot�察    �however�察    �refrain   from    asking    what    is   the 

particular virtue which belongs to fourteen as distinguished from all other 

numbers。       Does   it   arise   from   its   being   a   multiple   of   seven�拭�Has   this 

principle any reference to the sabbatical ordinance�拭                �Or is it to the order 

of   rhymes   that   these   singular   properties   are   attached�拭      �Unhappily   the 

sonnets of Shakspeare differ as much in this respect from those of Petrarch�察�

as   from   a   Spenserian   or   an   octave   stanza。    Away   with   this   unmeaning 

jargon�     �We have pulled down the old regime of criticism。                    I trust that 

we    shall   never    tolerate   the  equally    pedantic    and   irrational   despotism�察�

which some of the revolutionary leaders would erect upon its ruins。                      We 

have not dethroned Aristotle and Bossu for this。 

     These sonnet´fanciers would do well to reflect that�察�though the style of 

Petrarch may not suit the standard of perfection which they have chosen�察�

they lie under great obligations to these very poems��that�察�but for Petrarch 

the    measure�察    �concerning      which     they   legislate   so   judiciously�察    �would 

probably      never    have   attracted    notice�察  �and   that   to  him   they    owe   the 

pleasure of admiring�察�and the glory of composing�察�pieces�察�which seem to 

have   been   produced   by   Master   Slender�察  �with   the   assistance   of   his   man 

Simple。 

     I cannot conclude these remarks without making a few observations on 

the Latin writings of Petrarch。          It appears that�察�both by himself and by his 

contemporaries�察�these were far more highly valued than his compositions 

in the vernacular language。 Posterity�察�the supreme court of literary appeal�察�

has not only reversed the judgment�察�but�察�according to its general practice�察�



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reversed it with costs�察�and condemned the unfortunate works to pay�察�not 

only for their own inferiority�察�but also for the injustice of those who had 

given them an unmerited preference。 And it must be owned that�察�without 

making   large   allowances   for   the   circumstances   under   which   they   were 

produced�察�we cannot pronounce a very favourable judgment。                       They must 

be considered as exotics�察�transplanted to a foreign climate�察�and reared in 

an   unfavourable   situation�察  �and   it   would   be   unreasonable   to   expect   from 

them   the   health   and   the   vigour   which   we   find   in   the   indigenous   plants 

around   them�察  �or   which   they   might   themselves   have   possessed   in   their 

native soil。     He   has but very  imperfectly imitated   the style of the   Latin 

authors�察  �and   has   not   compensated   for   the   deficiency   by   enriching   the 

ancient language with the graces of modern poetry。                    The splendour and 

ingenuity�察  �wh

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