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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及46嫗

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of the honest Glendoveer ;When now He saw the Amreeta in Kehama's 

hand�察�An   impulse   that   defied   all   self´command�察 �In   that   extremity�察  �Stung 

him�察  �and   he   resolved   to   seize   the   cup�察  �And   dare   the   Rajah's   force   in 

Seeva's sight�察�Forward he sprung to tempt the unequal fray。; 

     In plain words�察�I shall offer a few considerations�察�which may tend to 

reduce an overpraised writer to his proper level。 

     The     principal   characteristic     of  this   historian�察  �the   origin    of  his 

excellencies and his defects�察�is a love of singularity。            He has no notion of 

going with a multitude to do either good or evil。 An exploded opinion�察�or 

an    unpopular     person�察  �has   an   irresistible   charm    for  him。    The     same 

perverseness   may   be   traced   in   his   diction。  His   style   would   never   have 

been elegant�察�but it might at least have been manly and perspicuous�察�and 

nothing but the most elaborate care could possibly have made it so bad as 

it is。 It is distinguished by harsh phrases�察�strange collocations�察�occasional 

solecisms�察�frequent obscurity�察�and�察�above all�察�by a peculiar oddity�察�which 

can no more be described than it can be overlooked。                Nor is this all。    Mr 



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Mitford piques himself on spelling better than any of his neighbours�察�and 

this   not   only   in   ancient   names�察  �which   he   mangles   in   defiance   both   of 

custom   and   of   reason�察  �but   in   the   most   ordinary   words   of   the   English 

language。   It is�察  �in   itself�察  �a   matter perfectly  indifferent   whether   we   call   a 

foreigner   by   the   name   which   he   bears   in   his   own   language�察  �or   by   that 

which   corresponds   to   it   in   ours�察  �whether   we   say  Lorenzo   de   Medici�察  �or 

Lawrence       de   Medici�察    �Jean   Chauvin�察     �or  John    Calvin。     In   such    cases 

established usage is considered as law by all writers except Mr Mitford。 

If   he   were    always    consistent     with   himself�察   �he   might    be   excused     for 

sometimes        disagreeing      with   his   neighbours�察     �but   he   proceeds      on   no 

principle but that of being unlike the rest of the world。                  Every child has 

heard   of   Linnaeus�察  �therefore   Mr   Mitford   calls   him   Linne�此       �Rousseau   is 

known all over Europe as Jean Jacques�察�therefore Mr Mitford bestows on 

him the strange appellation of John James。 

     Had     Mr    Mitford    undertaken      a  History     of  any   other    country    than 

Greece�察�this propensity would have rendered his work useless and absurd。 

His   occasional   remarks   on   the   affairs   of   ancient   Rome   and   of   modern 

Europe   are   full of   errors�此    �but he   writes   of   times   with   respect to   which 

almost     every    other    writer   has   been    in  the   wrong�察    �and�察  �therefore�察   �by 

resolutely deviating from his predecessors�察�he is often in the right。 

     Almost all   the modern historians of Greece   have shown the grossest 

ignorance      of   the  most    obvious     phenomena       of   human     nature。    In  their 

representations       the   generals    and   statesmen      of  antiquity    are   absolutely 

divested of all individuality。         They are personifications�察�they are passions�察�

talents�察�opinions�察�virtues�察�vices�察�but not men。              Inconsistency is a thing of 

which these writers have no notion。              That a man may have been liberal in 

his youth   and   avaricious   in   his   age�察 �cruel   to   one   enemy  and   merciful   to 

another�察�is to them utterly inconceivable。              If the facts be undeniable�察�they 

suppose some strange and deep design�察�in order to explain what�察�as every 

one who has observed his own mind knows�察�needs no explanation at all。 

This   is   a   mode   of   writing   very   acceptable   to   the   multitude   who   have 

always been accustomed to make gods and daemons out of men very little 

better   or   worse   than   themselves�察  �but   it   appears   contemptible   to   all   who 

have watched the changes of human characterto all who have observed 



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the influence of time�察�of circumstances�察�and of associates�察�on mankindto 

all who have seen a hero in the gout�察�a democrat in the church�察�a pedant in 

love�察�or a philosopher in liquor。           This practice of painting in nothing but 

black and white is unpardonable even in the drama。                   It is the great fault of 

Alfieri�察  �and   how   much   it   injures   the   effect   of   his   compositions   will   be 

obvious   to   every   one   who   will   compare   his   Rosmunda   with   the   Lady 

Macbeth of Shakspeare。            The one is a wicked woman�察�the other is a fiend。 

Her   only   feeling   is   hatred�察  �all   her   words   are   curses。    We   are   at   once 

shocked and fatigued by the spectacle of such raving cruelty�察�excited by no 

provocation�察�repeatedly changing its object�察�and constant in nothing but in 

its in´ extinguishable thirst for blood。 

     In history this error is far more disgraceful。             Indeed�察�there is no fault 

which so completely ruins a narrative in the opinion of a judicious reader。 

We   know  that   the   line   of   demarcation   between   good   and   bad   men   is   so 

faintly   marked   as   often   to   elude   the   most   careful   investigation   of   those 

who have the best opportunities for judging。                 Public men�察�above all�察�are 

surrounded   with   so   many   temptations   and   difficulties   that   some   doubt 

must almost always hang over their real dispositions and intentions。                      The 

lives of Pym�察�Cromwell�察�Monk�察�Clarendon�察�Marlborough�察�Burnet�察�Walpole�察�

are    well   known      to  us。   We     are   acquainted      with   their   actions�察   �their 

speeches�察      �their   writings�察    �we    have    abundance       of   letters   and    well´ 

authenticated anecdotes relating to them�此�yet what candid man will venture 

very positively to say which of them were honest and which of them were 

dishonest men�拭        �It appears easier to pronounce decidedly upon the great 

characters of antiquity�察�not because we have greater means of discovering 

truth�察  �but   simply   because   we   have   less   means   of   detecting   error。       The 

modern       historians    of  Greece     have    forgotten     this。   Their     heroes    and 

villains   are   as   consistent   in   all   their   sayings   and   doings   as   the   cardinal 

virtues and the deadly sins in an allegory。                We should as soon expect a 

good   action   from   giant   Slay´good   in   Bunyan   as   from   Dionysius�察  �and   a 

crime   of   Epaminondas   would   seem   as   incongruous   as   a   faux´pas   of   the 

grave and comely damsel called Discretion�察�who answered the bell at the 

door of the house Beautiful。 

     This    error   was    partly   the  cause    and   partly   the   effect   of  the   high 



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estimation   in   which   the   later   ancient   writers   have   been   held   by   modern 

scholars。      Those   French   and   English   authors   who   have   treated   of   the 

affairs of Greece have generally turned with contempt from the simple and 

natural     narrations    of   Thucydides      and    Xenophon       to  the   extravagant 

representations of Plutarch�察�Diodorus�察�Curtius�察�and other romancers of the 

same class��men who described military operations without ever   havi

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