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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及49嫗

弌傍�� misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




exercise�察     �it   exposes      itself   to   no    accident�察    �it   is   seized    with     an 

hypochondriac alarm at every new sensation�察�it trembles at every breath�察�it 

lets blood for every inflammation�此�and thus�察�without ever enjoying a day 

of health or pleasure�察�drags on its existence to a doting and debilitated old 

age。 

     The   Spartans   purchased   for   their   government   a   prolongation   of   its 

existence by the sacrifice of happiness at home and dignity abroad。                        They 

cringed to the powerful�察�they trampled on the weak�察�they massacred their 

helots�察�they betrayed their allies�察�they contrived to be a day too late for the 

battle   of   Marathon�察  �they   attempted   to   avoid   the   battle   of   Salamis�察  �they 

suffered the Athenians�察�to whom they owed their lives and liberties�察�to be a 

second   time   driven   from   their   country   by   the   Persians�察  �that   they   might 

finish    their   own    fortifications     on   the  Isthmus�察    �they    attempted     to  take 

advantage   of   the   distress   to   which   exertions   in   their   cause   had   reduced 

their preservers�察�in order to make them their slaves�察�they strove to prevent 

those   who   had   abandoned   their   walls   to   defend   them�察  �from   rebuilding 

them   to   defend   themselves�察  �they   commenced   the   Peloponnesian   war   in 

violation of their engagements with Athens�察�they abandoned it in violation 



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of   their   engagements   with   their  allies�察  �they  gave up   to   the   sword   whole 

cities which had placed themselves under their protection�察�they bartered�察�

for advantages confined to themselves�察�the interest�察�the freedom�察�and the 

lives of those who had served them most faithfully�察�they took with equal 

complacency�察�and equal infamy�察�the stripes of Elis and the bribes of Persia�察�

they never showed either resentment or gratitude�察�they abstained from no 

injury�察�and they revenged none。            Above all�察�they looked on a citizen who 

served   them   well   as   their   deadliest   enemy。       These   are   the   arts   which 

protract the existence of government。 

     Nor were the domestic institutions of Lacedaemon less hateful or less 

contemptible than her foreign policy。            A perpetual interference with every 

part   of   the   system  of   human   life�察  �a   constant   struggle   against   nature   and 

reason�察�characterised all her laws。           To violate even prejudices which have 

taken deep root in the minds of a people is scarcely expedient�察�to think of 

extirpating      natural    appetites    and    passions     is  frantic�此    �the    external 

symptoms may be occasionally repressed�察�but the feeling still exists�察�and�察�

debarred from its natural objects�察�preys on the disordered mind and body 

of its victim。     Thus it is in convents´thus it is among ascetic sectsthus 

it   was    among     the   Lacedaemonians。          Hence      arose   that   madness�察    �or 

violence      approaching      to  madness�察     �which�察   �in  spite   of   every    external 

restraint�察�often appeared among the most distinguished citizens of Sparta。 

Cleomenes   terminated   his   career   of   raving   cruelty   by   cutting   himself   to 

pieces。     Pausanias   seems   to   have   been   absolutely   insane�察  �he   formed   a 

hopeless   and   profligate   scheme�察  �he   betrayed   it   by   the   ostentation   of   his 

behaviour�察�and the imprudence of his measures�察�and he alienated�察�by his 

insolence�察  �all   who   might   have   served   or   protected   him。       Xenophon�察  �a 

warm admirer of Lacedaemon�察�furnishes us with the strongest evidence to 

this effect。     It is impossible not to observe the brutal and senseless fury 

which characterises almost   every Spartan with   whom he was   connected。 

Clearchus nearly lost his life by his cruelty。 Chirisophus deprived his army 

of   the   services   of   a  faithful   guide   by   his  unreasonable      and   ferocious 

severity。      But    it  is  needless     to   multiply    instances。      Lycurgus�察     �Mr 

Mitford's   favourite   legislator�察  �founded   his   whole   system   on   a   mistaken 

principle。     He   never   considered   that   governments   were   made   for   men�察�



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and not men for governments。             Instead of adapting the constitution to the 

people�察  �he   distorted   the   minds   of   the   people   to   suit   the   constitution�察  �a 

scheme worthy of the Laputan Academy of Projectors。                      And this appears 

to Mr Mitford to constitute his peculiar title to admiration。                Hear himself�此�

;What to modern eyes most strikingly sets that extraordinary man above 

all other legislators is�察�that in so many circumstances�察�apparently out of the 

reach   of   law�察  �he   controlled   and   formed   to   his   own   mind   the   wills   and 

habits    of  his   people。;    I   should    suppose     that  this  gentleman      had   the 

advantage of receiving his education under the ferula of Dr Pangloss�察�for 

his   metaphysics   are   clearly   those   of   the   castle   of   Thunder´ten´tronckh�此�

;Remarquez bien que les nez ont ete faits pour porter des lunettes�察�aussi 

avons nous des lunettes。          Les jambes sont visiblement institues pour etre 

chaussees�察�et nous avons des chausses。              Les cochons etant faits pour etre 

manges�察�nous mangeons du porc toute l'annee。; 

     At Athens the laws did not constantly interfere with the tastes of the 

people。     The children were not taken from their parents by that universal 

step´mother�察  �the   state。     They   were   not   starved   into   thieves�察  �or   tortured 

into bullies�察�there was no established table at which every one must dine�察�

no   established   style   in   which   every   one   must   converse。       An   Athenian 

might eat whatever he   could afford to   buy�察�and talk as   long as he   could 

find    people    to  listen。   The     government      did   not   tell  the  people    what 

opinions they  were to hold�察�or   what songs   they were  to sing。                 Freedom 

produced       excellence。     Thus     philosophy      took    its  origin。    Thus     were 

produced      those    models     of  poetry�察  �of   oratory�察  �and   of   the  arts�察 �which 

scarcely   fall   short   of   the   standard   of   ideal   excellence。   Nothing   is   more 

conducive   to   happiness   than   the   free   exercise   of   the   mind   in   pursuits 

congenial      to  it。  This    happiness�察    �assuredly�察   �was    enjoyed    far  more     at 

Athens   than   at   Sparta。    The Athenians   are   acknowledged   even   by   their 

enemies to have been distinguished�察�in private life�察�by their courteous and 

amiable      demeanour。       Their     levity�察  �at  least�察 �was    better   than   Spartan 

sullenness      and    their  impertinence       than   Spartan    insolence。      Even      in 

courage      it  may     be   questioned      whether      they   were     inferior   to   the 

Lacedaemonians。          The great Athenian historian has reported a remarkable 

observation of the great Athenian minister。               Pericles maintained that his 



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countrymen�察�without submitting to the hardships of a Spartan education�察�

rivalled   all   the   achievements   of   Spartan   valour�察  �and   that   therefore   the 

pleasures and amusements which they enjoyed were to be considered as so 

much clear gain。        The infantry of Athens was certainly not equal to that 

of   Lac

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