seven discourses on art(簒宝鈍讐恙)-及6嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
painting�察 �can be obtained by the frigid contemplation of a few single
models�察�is no less absurd than it would be in him who wishes to be a poet
to imagine that by translating a tragedy he can acquire to himself sufficient
knowledge of the appearances of nature�察 �the operations of the passions�察�
and the incidents of life。
The great use in copying�察�if it be at all useful�察�should seem to be in
learning to colour�察�yet even colouring will never be perfectly attained by
servilely copying the mould before you。 An eye critically nice can only
be formed by observing well´coloured pictures with attention�此 �and by
close inspection�察 �and minute examination you will discover�察 �at last�察 �the
manner of handling�察�the artifices of contrast�察�glazing�察�and other expedients�察�
by which good colourists have raised the value of their tints�察�and by which
nature has been so happily imitated。
I must inform you�察�however�察�that old pictures deservedly celebrated for
their colouring are often so changed by dirt and varnish�察�that we ought not
to wonder if they do not appear equal to their reputation in the eyes of
unexperienced painters�察�or young students。 An artist whose judgment is
matured by long observation�察�considers rather what the picture once was�察�
than what it is at present。 He has acquired a power by habit of seeing the
brilliancy of tints through the cloud by which it is obscured。 An exact
imitation�察 �therefore�察 �of those pictures�察 �is likely to fill the student's mind
with false opinions�察�and to send him back a colourist of his own formation�察�
with ideas equally remote from nature and from art�察 �from the genuine
practice of the masters and the real appearances of things。
Following these rules�察 �and using these precautions�察 �when you have
clearly and distinctly learned in what good colouring consists�察�you cannot
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do better than have recourse to nature herself�察�who is always at hand�察�and
in comparison of whose true splendour the best coloured pictures are but
faint and feeble。
However�察 �as the practice of copying is not entirely to be excluded�察�
since the mechanical practice of painting is learned in some measure by it�察�
let those choice parts only be selected which have recommended the work
to notice。 If its excellence consists in its general effect�察 �it would be
proper to make slight sketches of the machinery and general management
of the picture。 Those sketches should be kept always by you for the
regulation of your style。 Instead of copying the touches of those great
masters�察 �copy only their conceptions。 Instead of treading in their
footsteps�察 �endeavour only to keep the same road。 Labour to invent on
their general principles and way of thinking。 Possess yourself with their
spirit。 Consider with yourself how a Michael Angelo or a Raffaelle
would have treated this subject�此 �and work yourself into a belief that your
picture is to be seen and criticised by them when completed。 Even an
attempt of this kind will rouse your powers。
But as mere enthusiasm will carry you but a little way�察 �let me
recommend a practice that may be equivalent�察 �and will perhaps more
efficaciously contribute to your advancement�察 �than even the verbal
corrections of those masters themselves�察 �could they be obtained。 What I
would propose is�察 �that you should enter into a kind of competition�察 �by
painting a similar subject�察�and making a companion to any picture that you
consider as a model。 After you have finished your work�察�place it near the
model�察�and compare them carefully together。 You will then not only see�察�
but feel your own deficiencies more sensibly than by precepts�察 �or any
other means of instruction。 The true principles of painting will mingle
with your thoughts。 Ideas thus fixed by sensible objects�察�will be certain
and definitive�察�and sinking deep into the mind�察�will not only be more just�察�
but more lasting than those presented to you by precepts only�此 �which
will�察�always be fleeting�察�variable�察�and undetermined。
This method of comparing your own efforts with those of some great
master�察�is indeed a severe and mortifying task�察�to which none will submit�察�
but such as have great views�察 �with fortitude sufficient to forego the
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gratifications of present vanity for future honour。 When the student has
succeeded in some measure to his own satisfaction�察 �and has felicitated
himself on his success�察�to go voluntarily to a tribunal where he knows his
vanity must be humbled�察�and all self´approbation must vanish�察�requires not
only great resolution�察�but great humility。 To him�察�however�察�who has the
Ambition to be a real master�察�the solid satisfaction which proceeds from a
consciousness of his advancement ��of which seeing his own faults is the
first step�� will very abundantly compensate for the mortification of present
disappointment。 There is�察�besides�察�this alleviating circumstance。 Every
discovery he makes�察�every acquisition of knowledge he attains�察�seems to
proceed from his own sagacity�察 �and thus he acquires a confidence in
himself sufficient to keep up the resolution of perseverance。
We all must have experienced how lazily�察 �and consequently how
ineffectually�察�instruction is received when forced upon the mind by others。
Few have been taught to any purpose who have not been their own
teachers。 We prefer those instructions which we have given ourselves�察�
from our affection to the instructor�察 �and they are more effectual�察 �from
being received into the mind at the very time when it is most open and
eager to receive them。
With respect to the pictures that you are to choose for your models�察�I
could wish that you would take the world's opinion rather than your own。
In other words�察�I would have you choose those of established reputation
rather than follow your own fancy。 If you should not admire them at first�察�
you will�察�by endeavouring to imitate them�察�find that the world has not been
mistaken。
It is not an easy task to point out those various excellences for your
imitation which he distributed amongst the various schools。 An endeavour
to do this may perhaps be the subject of some future discourse。 I will�察�
therefore�察�at present only recommend a model for style in painting�察�which
is a branch of the art more immediately necessary to the young student。
Style in painting is the same as in writing�察�a power over materials�察�whether
words or colours�察 �by which conceptions or sentiments are conveyed。
And in this Lodovico Carrache ��I mean in his best works�� appears to me to
approach the nearest to perfection。 His unaffected breadth of light and
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