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seven discourses on art(簒宝鈍讐恙)-及7嫗

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shadow�察�the simplicity of colouring�察�which holding its proper rank�察�does 

not   draw   aside   the   least   part   of   the   attention   from   the   subject�察  �and   the 

solemn   effect   of   that   twilight   which   seems   diffused   over   his   pictures�察�

appear to me to correspond with grave and dignified subjects�察�better than 

the more artificial brilliancy of sunshine which enlightens the pictures of 

Titian。 Though Tintoret thought that Titian's colouring was the model   of 

perfection�察     �and   would     correspond      even    with   the   sublime     of  Michael 

Angelo�察�and that if Angelo had coloured like Titian�察�or Titian designed like 

Angelo�察�the world would once have had a perfect painter。 

     It   is   our   misfortune�察  �however�察  �that   those   works   of   Carrache   which   I 

would recommend to the student are not often found out of Bologna。 The 

;St。 Francis in the midst of his Friars�察─ �The Transfiguration�察─ �The Birth 

of St。 John the Baptist�察─ �The Calling of St。 Matthew�察─�the ;St。 Jerome�察─�

the fresco paintings in the Zampieri Palace�察�are all worthy the attention of 

the student。      And I think those who travel would do well to allot a much 

greater   portion   of   their   time   to   that   city   than   it   has   been   hitherto   the 

custom to bestow。 

     In this art�察�as in others�察�there are many teachers who profess to show 

the nearest way to excellence�察�and many expedients have been invented by 

which   the   toil   of   study   might   be   saved。   But   let   no   man   be   seduced   to 

idleness by specious promises。             Excellence is never granted to man but as 

the   reward   of   labour。     It   argues�察  �indeed�察  �no   small   strength   of   mind   to 

persevere   in   habits   of   industry�察  �without   the   pleasure  of   perceiving   those 

advances�察      �which�察   �like  the   hand    of  a   clock�察  �whilst    they   make     hourly 

approaches to their point�察�yet proceed so slowly as to escape observation。 

A   facility   of   drawing�察  �like   that   of   playing   upon   a   musical   instrument�察�

cannot     be   acquired     but   by   an   infinite   number     of   acts。   I   need    not�察�

therefore�察�enforce by many words the necessity of continual application�察�

nor   tell   you   that   the   port´crayon   ought   to   be   for   ever   in   your   hands。 

Various methods will occur to you by which this power may be acquired。 

I would particularly recommend that after your return from the academy 

��where I suppose your attendance to be constant�� you would endeavour to 

draw     the   figure    by   memory。       I   will   even    venture     to   add�察  �that   by 

perseverance   in   this   custom�察  �you   will   become   able   to   draw   the   human 



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figure tolerably correct�察�with as little effort of the mind as to trace with a 

pen the letters of the alphabet。 

     That this   facility is   not unattainable�察 �some members   in this   academy 

give a sufficient proof。        And�察�be assured�察�that if this power is not acquired 

whilst you are young�察�there will be no time for it afterwards�此                  �at least�察�the 

attempt will be attended with as much difficulty as those experience who 

learn to read or write after they have arrived to the age of maturity。 

     But     while    I   mention     the    port´crayon      as   the   student's    constant 

companion�察  �he   must   still   remember   that   the   pencil   is   the   instrument   by 

which   he     must    hope    to   obtain  eminence。       What�察  �therefore�察     �I  wish   to 

impress upon you is�察�that whenever an opportunity offers�察�you paint your 

studies   instead   of   drawing   them。       This   will   give   you   such   a   facility   in 

using colours�察�that in time they will arrange themselves under the pencil�察�

even     without    the   attention    of   the  hand    that   conducts     it。  If   one   act 

excluded   the   other�察  �this   advice   could   not   with   any   propriety   be   given。 

But   if   painting   comprises   both   drawing   and   colouring   and   if   by   a   short 

struggle of resolute industry the same expedition is attainable in painting 

as in drawing on paper�察�I cannot see what objection can justly be made to 

the   practice�察  �or   why   that   should   be   done   by   parts�察  �which   may   be   done 

altogether。 

     If   we   turn   our   eyes   to   the   several   schools   of   painting�察  �and   consider 

their   respective   excellences�察  �we   shall   find   that   those   who   excel   most   in 

colouring      pursued     this   method。      The     Venetian     and   Flemish      schools�察�

which owe much of their fame to colouring�察�have enriched the cabinets of 

the collectors of drawings with very few examples。                   Those of Titian�察�Paul 

Veronese�察      �Tintoret�察    �and     the   Bassans�察     �are    in   general     slight    and 

undetermined。         Their sketches on paper are as rude as their pictures are 

excellent in regard to harmony of colouring。                Correggio and Barocci have 

left   few�察  �if   any�察  �finished   drawings   behind   them。       And   in   the   Flemish 

school�察�Rubens and Vandyke made their designs for the most part either in 

colours or in chiaroscuro。          It is as common to find studies of the Venetian 

and Flemish painters on canvas�察�as of the schools of Rome and Florence 

on paper。      Not but that many finished drawings are sold under the names 

of    those   masters。     Those�察     �however�察    �are   undoubtedly       the   productions 



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either of engravers or of their scholars who copied their works。 

     These instructions I have ventured to offer from my own experience�察�

but   as   they   deviate   widely   from   received   opinions�察  �I   offer   them   with 

diffidence�察    �and    when    better   are  suggested�察    �shall   retract  them    without 

regret。 

     There is one precept�察�however�察�in which I shall only be opposed by the 

vain�察�the ignorant�察�and the idle。          I am not afraid that I shall repeat it too 

often。     You must have no dependence on your own genius。                     If you have 

great    talents�察  �industry   will   improve     them�此   �if   you   have    but  moderate 

abilities�察�industry will supply their deficiency。            Nothing is denied to well´ 

directed labour�此      �nothing is to be obtained without it。            Not to enter into 

metaphysical discussions on the nature or essence of genius�察�I will venture 

to   assert�察  �that   assiduity   unabated   by   difficulty�察  �and   a   disposition   eagerly 

directed to the object of its pursuit�察�will produce effects similar to those 

which some call the result of natural powers。 

     Though a man cannot at all times�察�and in all places�察�paint or draw�察�yet 

the mind can prepare itself by laying in proper materials�察�at all times�察�and 

in all places。     Both Livy and Plutarch�察�in describing Philopoemen�察�one of 

the ablest generals of antiquity�察�have given us a striking picture of a mind 

always      intent    on   its  profession�察    �and    by    assiduity    obtaining     those 

excellences which some all their lives vainly expect from Nature。                     I shall 

quote the passage in Livy at length�察�as it runs parallel with the practice I 

would recommend to the painter�察�sculptor�察�or architect。 

     ;Philopoemen was a man eminent for his sagacity and experience in 

choosing ground�察�and in leading armies�察�to which he formed his mind by 

perpetual   meditation�察  �

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