最新大学英语四级考试精品阅读120篇-第9章
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
往得到原雇主的褒扬和推荐，从而找到另外一份好工作。
参考译文
企业、政府以及金融机构的运作越来越多地被存在于计算内存中的信息所控制。只要够聪明，任何人为了个人目的而修改了这些信息都可以获得丰厚的奖励，更糟的是，许多从事这类活动并被抓住的人却已大摇大摆的逃脱了惩罚。
如果人们不去检查计算机正在做什么，那么计算机犯罪是很难被发现的，但是即使犯罪被发现，犯罪者也可能逃脱惩罚甚至会受到以前雇主的高度褒扬和推荐。
当然，我们没有未被发现的罪犯的统计数字。但是，当我们谈到我们所了解的仅仅是被偶然发现而不是系统监测或其他安全程序发现的罪犯有多少时，我们还是会感到很不安，那些被抓住的计算机罪犯只是意外霉运的牺牲者罢了。
例如，某个打孔操作员抱怨不得不加班为额外的卡片打孔。调查表明，那些额外的卡片是用作非法交易的。另一种情形，实施计算机犯罪的心怀不满的雇工警告雇主他们的公司将被抢劫。
不同于其他（那些必须离开国家，自杀或进监狱的）违法者，计算机罪犯有时可以逃脱惩罚，不仅要求不被控诉而且还索取推荐或其他好处，而他们的要求通常都会得到满足。
为什么会这样呢？因为公司行政人员害怕公众发现他们的计算机被误用从而对两公司造成很坏的公众影响。他们想到，计算机犯罪者可能会在法庭鼓吹他们是如何在公司行政人员、会计、以及安全保卫人员的鼻子底下篡改公司机密记录的。鉴于这种想法，他们（公司高层）犹豫了。因此，另一个计算机罪犯带着他需要的推荐信离开了，继续他的罪恶职业。
第一篇 人文篇Passage 11
Passage 11建议用时：8。5分钟From：To：
Desegregation of higher education has produced significant improvements in education for all Americans。 『The opening up of segregated colleges and universities to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds came about only as the result of many forms of prolonged struggle in the courts； in the streets； and on campuses。』①
The efforts to open up higher educational opportunities for blacks in historically white institutions also led to expanded opportunities for lower… and middle…class white students； especially at institutions that adopted “open admissions” policies of accepting all high school graduates。 Between 1960 and 1981； while the number of black students between the ages of eighteen and twenty…four enrolled in college increased from 134；000 to over 750；000； the number of white students in the same age group grew from just over 2 million to over 6。5 million。
In 1960 more than one…half of blacks attending colleges were enrolled at historically black institutions。 By 1981 that percentage had declined to just 18 per cent。 Most of the blacks enrolled in traditionally white institutions； however； were at two…year community colleges or at four…year public colleges that were becoming or had already become predominantly black。
『Desegregation of higher education produced difficult problems for historically black institutions that had always struggled under great hardship to provide higher education for blacks when blacks had been barred from white institutions。 』②Historically black institutions； however； have continued to produce a high percentage of the most educationally and professionally successful blacks in the United States。 Meanwhile； blacks in predominantly white institutions have achieved notable progress； but they have also encountered various problems。
College completion rates for young blacks have increased substantially； but they are only about one…half the rate for young whites。 In 1981； for example； 11。5 percent of blacks aged twenty…five to twenty…nine and 21。3 percent of whites in that age group had completed college。
Blacks continue to be substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States。 During the early 1980s blacks comprised about 6 percent of students in graduate school and medical school and about 4 percent of all law school students。 Blacks also received about 4 percent of all doctoral degrees； but over half of these degrees were conferred in one discipline—education。 In general； since the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised during the middle of the 1970s； black progress in higher education has been slowed and perhaps even reversed。
1。What is the main idea of the passage？
A。 Desegregation of higher education produced many difficulties for historically black institutions。
B。 The opening up of higher educational opportunities for blacks led to expanded opportunities for white students too。
C。 Blacks have been historically repressed in graduate and professional schools in the United States。
D。 Desegregation of higher education has brought more higher educational opportunities for black and white students alike。
2。What can be inferred about the opening up of segregated colleges and universities？
A。 It came about as the result of a surge in the number of students enrolled in higher institutions。
B。 It came about as the result of time…long resistance against racial discrimination against blacks。
C。 It came about when the cry of “reverse discrimination” was raised。
D。 It came about when efforts to expand educational opportunities for lower… and middle…class black people were intensified。
3。Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of the opening up of segregated colleges and universities？
A。 Black students were substantially underrepresented in graduate and professional schools in the United States。
B。 It brought a significant increase in the number of white students。
C。 It created thorny problems for historically black institutions。
D。 The number of black students between eighteen to twenty…four years old enrolled in college greatly increased。
4。 After the desegregation of higher education black students are still unlikely to 。
A。 get enrolled in traditionally white colleges
B。 get enrolled in traditionally black institutions
C。 complete college
D。 get a Doctor’s Degree in science
5。Which of the following is true about historically black institutions？
A。 The students in historically black institutions are no longer predominantly black after the opening up of segregated institutions。
B。 They created many problems for their students。
C。 They achieved notable progress even though they were under great hardship。
D。 The number of historically black institutions dropped in the 1960s and 1970s。
Vocabulary
1。desegregation n。 对种族隔离的取消
2。prolonged adj。 长时间的
3。predominantly adv。 主要地
4。bar v。 阻挡，禁止
5。encounter v。 遇到
6。substantially adv。 在相当程度上，很大地
7。underrepresented adj。 被忽视的
8。confer v。 授予，给予
9。reverse adj。 反方向的
10。discrimination n。 歧视
11。reverse v。 调转，转向
长难句解析
①【解析】此句的关键在于理清“to students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds”是用来修饰限定“The opening up”的。
【译文】实行种族隔离的院校对不同种族和信仰背景的学生的接纳，是受到歧视的有色人种在法庭上，街道上和校园内展开的各种形式的长期斗争的结果。
②【解析】此句中“that”引导定语从句，修饰“historically black institutions”，“when” 作定语从句中的时间状语从句。
【译文】但是高等教育种族制度的废除，却给传统的黑人院校制造了新的麻烦，这些院校历史上曾在困境中为给被白人院校阻止在外的黑人提供更好的教育机会而奋斗不止。
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离制度的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。
1。D主旨题。文章主题思想是在美国的高等院校中的一项改革——种族隔离的废除，这项改革给黑人和白人学生都带来了更多的受教育的机会。A、B、C都是文中提到的内容，但不是中心的内容。
2。B细节题。文章的第一段指出，原先实行种族隔离的高等院校对各个种族学生的开放是受到歧视的有色人种经过在法庭、街道和校园里长期斗争之后的结果。并不是因为入学人数的增加。
3。A推断题。在这样的题型中，有可能A、B、C、D四个选项都是对的，但是有一个不符合因果的�
